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This study was carried out to calculate response of two cultivars of wheat which represent the hexaploid and tetraploid species to different cropping sequences and nutrient rates of NPK. This study was carried out in the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University in the two growing seasons of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons. Two cropping systems were studied, i.e. corn – clover – wheat and corn – fallow – wheat. The cultivars studied were Sakha 93& Beni-suef 1 in 2004/2005 and Sids 1 & Beni-suef 1 in 2005/2006 season. The nutrient rates of NPK (kg/fed.) were 80, 15 and 50, i.e. the recommended rates, 40, 7.5 and 25 kg/fed. of NPK, 20, 3.75 and 12.5 kg/fed. NPK and without nutrients. The variables studied were distributed in a split-split plot design in which crop sequence was allotted in the main plots. The cultivars were in split plot whereas the nutrients were distributed in the sub-sub plots. The results obtained in this study could be summarized as follows: 1- The growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area index, number of tillers/plant and total dry matter/plant were improved by planting wheat after clover as compared with the cropping system of corn-fallow-wheat. Cultivars belong to the hexaploid cultivars were characterized by favorite growth parameters as compared with simolina cultivar. The recommended nutrients of NPK favored the growth attributes. 2- Average interval from planting to 50% heading tended to be increased significantly when planting wheat was after clover. No significant differences in earliness among the two cultivars studied were detected. The consistent increase in nutrient rates prolonged the interval to 50% heading. 3- Yield components such as number of tillers/plant at harvest spike length, number of spikelets/spike, and seed index tended to be increased when wheat planting was after clover as compared with the sequence of corn-fallow-wheat. Wheat yield components of hexaploid cultivars, i.e. bread wheat surpassed the semolina cultivar in all attributes except the seed index. The later took the contradict trend in this respect. Linear increases in all yield components were observed as nutrients rates were increased. 4- Average grain yield/fed of wheat was increased significantly when wheat was grown after clover compared with cultivating it after fallow. This is true in the two growing seasons. No significant difference among the cultivars studied was observed. Grain yield per unit area tended to be increased as nutrient rates were increased. Here too, the first order interaction of intensification x fertilization revealed that the cropping sequence of corn-clover-wheat increased the response of grain yield to the recommended rates of NPK compared with the sequence of corn-fallow-wheat. 5- Straw yield/fed was reacted significantly to the cropping sequence practiced in favor of planting wheat after clover. Hexaploid cultivars were superior in straw yield production per unit area compared with tetraploid cultivar. Average straw yield was increased significantly as nutrient rates were increased up to the recommended rates. 6- The biological yield/fed was influenced significantly by cropping systems studied in favor of the cropping sequence of corn-clover-wheat in the two growing seasons. The bread cultivars produced heavier weight of biological yield than semolina cultivar. This relation was significant in the two growing seasons. Consistent increase in biological yield/fed was achieved as nutrient rates increased. 7- Harvest index did not show any definite response to intensification system. Here, semolina cultivar improved harvest index as compared to bread cultivars. Negative trend was noted between harvest index and nutrient rates. This means that harvest index tended to be increased as nutrient rates was decreased. 8- Here it should be noted that the average yield of clover produced from the cropping sequence of corn - temporary clover - wheat was ranged from 8781.82 to 10650 kg/fed. in 2004/2005 season. In 2005/2006 it ranged from 12109.09 to 17318.18 kg/fed.

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Under Egypt conditions sugar beet roots is processed in the factories during the period from the first week of February to Mid of June every year. Whenever, wilting of beet roots carried out at high temperature and low humidity for any cause, which are prevailing during the period from the end of April to Mid of June. So, this work was carried out at laboratories of Delta Sugar Company, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, as well as Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley Branch, Assuit University during 2017 working season for eight days and replicated four times during the period from 25th April to 6th June.to identify the influencing of wilting degree (the loss% in moisture content of beet roots) postharvest on physiochemical traits, impurities contents and processing efficiency parameters of sugar beet roots. The obtained results revealed that wilting degree of beet root had a significant effect on physical properties of sugar beet juice expressed as total soluble solids %(TSS%), pH value, bulk density (kg/m3) and color of raw juice (Icumsa units); impurities contents of sugar beet,i.e. ɑ-N, K and Na(millieq./100g), and chemical composition of sugar beet roots ,i.e. pol % , reducing sugars% and dextran content as well as processing efficiency parameters of sugar beet roots, i.e. juice purity%, sucrose recovery %, sugar losses% in waste, quality index of beet roots and weight losses % of beet roots. We hope that the above-mentioned results in this work would help understand the changes which take place in sugar beet roots postharvest caused by the wilting, which cause significant economic losses in sugar production and to know the practices that reduce sugar loss during processing. Here, we demonstrate that all sugar beet growers and the processors’ benefit directly when postharvest losses are minimized. The increase in wilting degree of beet roots means make them lose their refreshment and affect negatively sugar extraction during manufacturing in sugar factories.

SUMMARY The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of levels yeast supplementation as a natural feed additive on growth performance, carcasses characteristic and some blood metabolites of growing Sohagi lambs. For this purpose, twenty-one Sohagi lambs (27.00±0.75 kg body weight, 6 months old) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with seven lambs per treatment. The treatment groups were as follows:(G1) was kept as a control and fed a basal diet consisting of roughage and concentrate mixture. (G2) fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5 % of yeast culture (YC) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to the mixture, while (G3) received the same basal diet supplemented with 1% of YC. All animals were fed 60% of their requirements as concentrate mixture with crushed corn stover given ad libitum. The quantity of concentrate mixture was adjusted every month according to change in body weight. The results indicated that dietary supplementation of YC (0.5 or 1%)did not significantly affect on body weight and daily gain. However, dry matter intake (DMI) of concentrate, roughage and total dry matter intake were significantly (P0.05) higher for lambs fed YC than control. Supplemented YC to lambs rations decreased significantly (P0.05) feed conversion ratio in comparison with the control treatment. Serum glucose and urea nitrogen were increased significantly (P0.05) in YC groups. However, the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol decreased significantly (p0.05) when feeding YC diets. No differences were observed between treatments for hot carcass and carcass cuts with respect to flank, which recorded higher (p0.05) value for YC groups compared to control. Supplemented YC at level of 0.5% or 1% significantly (P0.05) increased dry matter and fat in meat compared with control groups. Water-holding capacity was significantly (P0.05) lower for YC groups than control. It was concluded that caring of animal management led to improvement productive performance of sheep, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics via dietary yeast supplementation. Also, YC may be more useful as a feed additive for growing lambs rations.

SUMMARY This study was accomplished to designed to assess the appropriate concentrate: roughage ratio (C:R) ratio for better nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, healthy and economic beef production in Egyptian buffalo calves. Sixteen buffalo calves aged about 18-20 months of 292.5±4.7 kg average body weight were randomly assigned into four groups of 4 animal each. The treatment diets were composed of four concentrate: roughage (C:R) ratios (80:20, A; 75:25, B; 60:40, C; 55:45, D). The results revealed that increasing in the proportion of concentrate in the diet significantly (p 0.05) increased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), nitrogen free extract (NFE) and the total digestible nutrients. Ruminal concentration of both volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen were increased linearly with increasing the dietary concentrate portion (60, 75, 80), however the rumen pH were decreased (P0.01) with increasing the concentrate level in the diet. In addition, increasing the concentrate proportion increased the dry matter intake of feed, average daily gain, final body weight; feed cost per kg body weight. Serum, glucose, and acute phase protein were increased by increasing the dietary concentrate portion. Feeding diet containing 60% concentrate showed better performance and economic per kg body weight gain when comparing diet containing (75 %, 80 %) concentrates levels. This study suggested that the diet consisting of 60: 40 concentrate: roughage ratio could be considered as the optimum diet for growing buffalo calves for better performance, efficient feed utilization, economic feed efficiency and low risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis.