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Ferrite/curcumin hybrid nanocomposite formulation: Physicochemical characterization, anticancer activity, and apoptotic and cell cycle analyses in skin cancer cells

Research Abstract

Abstract: Skin cancer requires effective treatment due to its high incidence and mortality. Curcumin’s anti-tumor effects are restricted by its lower bioavailability, dose dependency, and poor skin permeability. Hybrid curcumin molecules with spinal metalferrite and biogenicsilver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) nanoparticles could be a promising approach for the efficient delivery of curcumin to cancer cells. AgClM0.5Fe2O4 and AgClM0.5Fe2O4/curcumin hybrid nanocomposites weresynthesized via chemical co-precipita tion and wet impregnation techniques. Furthermore, they were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycling of hybrid nanocomposites wereevaluated onhuman epidermoid skin carcinoma (A-431) and human skin fibro blast (HSF) cell lines. Results showed successful curcumin loading, high physical stability, and enhanced magnetic properties of the hybridnanocomposites.Cytotoxicityassays revealed selective toxicity against both A-431 and HSF cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 26.83 and 34.83µg/ml for AgClCd0.5Fe2O4 and AgClMg0.5Fe2O4/curcumin, respectively. AgClCd0.5Fe2O4/curcumin exhibited greater apoptosis induc tion (14.52% late apoptosis, 8.53% necrosis) compared to AgClMg0.5Fe2O4/curcumin (10.20% late apoptosis, 6.07% necrosis). In addition, cell cycle analysis showed a signifi cant increase in the sub-G1 phase, with AgClCd0.5Fe2O4/cur cumin demonstrating superior efficacy. In conclusion, hybrid nanocomposites triggered cell cycle arrest and apop tosis, with AgClCd0.5Fe₂O₄/curcumin being the most potent. Their lower toxicity compared to doxorubicin suggests their potential application in skin cancer treatment.

Research Authors
Yousef A. Bin Jardan, Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif, Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi, Mohamed Abd El-Aal, and Hesham M. Tawfeek
Research Date
Research Department
Research Journal
Nanotechnology Reviews
Research Pages
1-16
Research Publisher
De Gruyter
Research Vol
14
Research Website
https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0214?urlappend=%3Futm_source%3Dresearchgate.net%26utm_medium%3Darticle
Research Year
2025