Women in developing countries face many barriers that prevent them from receiving adequate, timely cervical cancer screening. In Egypt the prevalence of cervical cancer was 7.8/100,000 with 2713 newly annual reported cases. Objectives: to increase women's awareness of cervical cancer risk using counseling and to determine nursing's role in the screening tests. Methods: A cross sectional design of non-pregnant, non-virginal women was recruited. Results: 450 non-pregnant women were counseled and consented for screening. The nurse was able to identify squamous columnar junction 100%. In comparing positive visual inspection with acetic acid(VIA) to pap smear screening results, findings were 17.1% (n=77) and 5.1% (n=68), respectively. In comparing negative VIA to pap smear screening results findings were 82.9% (n=373) and 83.8% (n=377), respectively. Conclusion: Nurse's performing VIA is as effective screening tool for determining precancerous or cancerous lesions.

Cardiac catheterization remains the most definitive procedure for diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease. Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the impact of early ambulation post transfemoral coronary procedures on back pain, urinary discomfort and vascular complications. Design: a quasi-experimental design. Setting: in catheterization and coronary care units. Subjects: A convenience sample of all adult educable and mentally competent male and female patients aged from (18-60 years old) who are scheduled for non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary angiography (CA) through femoral artery during a period from july 2010 to june2011 were eligible for inclusion in the sample. Tools: Four tools were utilized to collect data pertinent to the study, tool assessment of patients after femoral sheath removal and angioplasty data tool II: assessment of back pain tool III: urinary discomfort assessment tool. tool IV: vascular complications measurement after femoral cardiac catheterization Methods: patients in the study group were ambulate after four hours bed rest post transfemoral PCI and 2 hours after CA, whereas patients in the control group were ambulate after 12–24 hours post transfemoral PCI and 6-8 hours after CA(usual care). Results: Finding of the present study revealed that a significant statistical difference was existed between both studied groups in relation to back pain and urinary discomfort for PCI and CA. As regards to vascular complication, no significant statistical differences were put into evidence between both studied groups. Conclusion: early ambulation is safe and feasible for patients undergoing PCI and CA. Key words: early ambulation, femoral coronary procedures, back pain, urinary discomfort, nurse's role, and vascular complications.

Television gives children a distorted image of the world; it makes it harder for children to distinguish reality from fantasy. This study was conducted to identify the effect of television watching habits on the behaviours of primary school children in Assiut city, Egypt, using a descriptive cross-sectional research design and quota sample technique to recruit (382) parents of children. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data related to the socio-demographic characteristics, television watching habits, tendency for violence. The Parent Report Form of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was also used. As regards television viewing habits, the children were classified into three groups: the first did not watch television on a daily base or watched it less than 2 hours daily; the second group watched it from 2-4 hours daily and the third group watched it more than 4 hours daily. The mean age of the pupils was (9.1) years. Television viewing time had a positive correlation with externalizing subscales which combine the delinquent behaviour and aggressive behaviour of children. In contrast, a negative correlation was found in relation to children activities, social, school achievement, total level of competence and anxiety/depression. The mean score for the total competence for both boys and girls was explicitly lower among group III than group I. On the other hand, the mean score for somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behaviour and aggressive behaviour was higher among group III than groups II & I. 64.3%, 60.0% & 100.0%, respectively, of the studied children who watched television more than 4 hours daily had mild, moderate and sever tendency for violence. A significant relation was found between tendency for violence and television viewing time as well as contents which are mainly violent and horror. The main recommendation is that parents should be advised and encouraged through an educational program to restrict the television viewing time of their children to less than two hours daily and exclude violent and horror materials

Mobbing is an antagonistic behavior with unethical communication directed systematically at one individual by one or more persons in the workplace. This study aims to identify the mobbing behaviors against demonstrators and assistant lecturers working at Assiut University. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used in this study. The current study was conducted at six faculties, i.e. the Faculties of Commerce, Social Work, Law, Engineering, Nursing and Medicine. A stratified random sample technique was used on (535) demonstrators and assistant lecturers. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which included socio-demographic data and the mobbing behavior questionnaire. The main results of this study indicated that 57.9 % of the participants were females and 42.1% were males. The main type of types of mobbing behaviors against demonstrators and assistant lecturers was attacks on their professional status (53.7% and 44.3%, respectively). 49.6% of demonstrators and 43.4% of assistant lecturers responded psychosocially to mobbing behaviors. Thesis supervisors and departmental heads (18.7% and 18.1%, respectively) considered the main sources of mobbing behaviors against the studied participants. This study recommended that an educational program should be applied to managers, demonstrators and assistant lecturers working at Assiut University about the advantage of the open managerial approach, their legal rights, stress management techniques, how to respond appropriately and the measures to prevent the development of mobbing behaviors.

Peripheral venous cannulation is the commonest method used for intravenous therapy. There are numerous well recognized indications such as intravenous fluids, limited parenteral nutrition, blood and blood products, drug administration (continuous or intermittent). The aim of the present study is 3-folds: the first is to assess nurse's knowledge and practice regarding intravenous therapy, the second is to design nursing protocol for nurses about intravenous therapy and the third is to evaluate the effect of implementing the designed nursing protocol on nurse's knowledge and practice regarding intravenous therapy. Hypotheses: Three hypotheses were formulated: (1) the post mean knowledge scores of nurses who will be exposed to designed nursing protocol will be higher than their pre mean knowledge scores. (2) The post mean practice score of nurses who will be exposed to a designed nursing protocol will be higher than their pre mean practice scores. (3) A positive relationship will exist between knowledge and practice score obtained by nurses receiving the designed nursing protocol. Research design: Aquasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study on a convenient sample of 55 nurses. The study will be conducted in general medical departments (B and C) and blood diseases unite of Assiut university hospital. Tools: utilize for data collection were a) Questionnaire sheet. b) Observation checklist sheet. c) Construction of designed nursing protocol. Results: The first and the second hypotheses were supported as a good improvement in the mean knowledge & practice scores were found after the implementing of designed nursing protocol. The third hypothesis was supported as a negative relationship was found between nurse's knowledge and practice scores immediately after application of the designed nursing protocol. Conclusion: implementing the designed nursing protocol on nurse's knowledge and practice regarding intravenous therapy shows a significant improvement in nurses' knowledge and practice. Recommendation: Continued nursing education and in-service training programs should be well organized within Assiut University Hospital.

Smoking is a worldwide health problem. Tobacco smoking among the young is a health priority in Egypt. This study was conducted to determine smoking prevalence among male students living in Assiut University hostels and their knowledge and perceptions about this habit after Egypt's revolution using descriptive cross-sectional design. 400 students were randomly selected. A self-administrative questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, smoking status, as well as students' knowledge and perceptions concerning tobacco smoking. The mean age of the participants was 20.47 (±1.33 SD) years. More than one third (36.2%) were in theoretical faculties and 63.8% were in practical faculties. 13.2% were current smokers (25.5% daily smokers and 1.7% occasional smokers) and 30.2% started smoking before 15 years. The currently smokers were more frequently in theoretical faculties, their fathers were smokers and did not living with both parents (P 0.05). Cancer was the common smoking hazard that reported by 33.2% of the participants followed by chest disease (30.0%). More than one fifth (22.8%) of the students in the present study affected by the Egypt's revolution on 25 January 2011 as regards smoking habit. Conclusion: An educational program aimed at changing behavior and attitude to tobacco smoking and including healthy life style with high emphasis on the adolescence may be a successful primary prevention. In addition; projects designed to improve university performance may lead to a reduction in smoking rates while providing an investment in the future of youth.

Smoking is a worldwide health problem. Tobacco smoking among the young is a health priority in Egypt. This study was conducted to determine smoking prevalence among male students living in Assiut University hostels and their knowledge and perceptions about this habit after Egypt's revolution using descriptive cross-sectional design. 400 students were randomly selected. A self-administrative questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, smoking status, as well as students' knowledge and perceptions concerning tobacco smoking. The mean age of the participants was 20.47 (±1.33 SD) years. More than one third (36.2%) were in theoretical faculties and 63.8% were in practical faculties. 13.2% were current smokers (25.5% daily smokers and 1.7% occasional smokers) and 30.2% started smoking before 15 years. The currently smokers were more frequently in theoretical faculties, their fathers were smokers and did not living with both parents (P 0.05). Cancer was the common smoking hazard that reported by 33.2% of the participants followed by chest disease (30.0%). More than one fifth (22.8%) of the students in the present study affected by the Egypt's revolution on 25 January 2011 as regards smoking habit. Conclusion: An educational program aimed at changing behavior and attitude to tobacco smoking and including healthy life style with high emphasis on the adolescence may be a successful primary prevention. In addition; projects designed to improve university performance may lead to a reduction in smoking rates while providing an investment in the future of youth.

The importance of breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is well established for the infant, the mother and the family. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and practices of working mothers regarding breastfeeding and weaning using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study was conducted in four MCH centers in Assiut city during 2010. Direct interviews were done with 43 working mothers had children aged 4 to 24 months as well as seven FGDs. 69.8% of the mothers were at the age 30 years or less. All the studied mothers knew that the breastfeeding is the best nutritional source for the baby. The majority of the mothers had good knowledge about the advantages of breastfeeding for the child and the mother. 67.4% initiated breastfeeding within the first 30 minutes after delivery. The participants in general were less knowledgeable about exclusive breastfeeding practices. There were some fault practices reported by the participants. There is a need for health education programs, which support and encourage breastfeeding particularly at a primary care level, focusing more on working mothers.

The importance of breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is well established for the infant, the mother and the family. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and practices of working mothers regarding breastfeeding and weaning using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study was conducted in four MCH centers in Assiut city during 2010. Direct interviews were done with 43 working mothers had children aged 4 to 24 months as well as seven FGDs. 69.8% of the mothers were at the age 30 years or less. All the studied mothers knew that the breastfeeding is the best nutritional source for the baby. The majority of the mothers had good knowledge about the advantages of breastfeeding for the child and the mother. 67.4% initiated breastfeeding within the first 30 minutes after delivery. The participants in general were less knowledgeable about exclusive breastfeeding practices. There were some fault practices reported by the participants. There is a need for health education programs, which support and encourage breastfeeding particularly at a primary care level, focusing more on working mothers.

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of educational program among open heart surgery patients on minimizing the incidence of post operative infections. Data were collected from cardiothoracic surgery department, intensive care unit, and outpatient clinic at Assiut University Hospital. The study was conducted on 60 adult patients with open heart surgery (30 - study group and 30 - control group) who have been selected randomly. Data were collected through: four tools; (cardiac surgery patient needs assessment sheet, cardiac teaching program based on individualized patient needs assessment, cardiac post operative observation checklist sheet, and cardiac post operative wound site infection evaluation sheet). Results of this study concluded that, more than half of the patients in study group 53.3 % were females, 70 % were married, and 40 % their ages ranged from 18 - 29 years. While the majority of the patients in the control group 63.3 % were male, 46.7 % were married, and 33.3 % from 30 - 39 years. Conclusion; Significant differences for improvements throughout educational program phases among study group regarding total score of knowledge and practice about open heart surgery. The study recommended that, pamphlets and simple illustration booklet should be available for patients illiterate to with simple explain how to safely live after open heart surgery. The patients must understand the importance of oral hygiene and visiting a dentist regularly because dental infections can affect the valve prosthetic.