The risk of mobile communications has become a critical issue and creates an importance for studying negative health effect of exposure for mobile phones. Objectives: Describe physical complains associated with using mobile phones, determine the potential of mobile phones to harbor microorganisms in the environments and evaluate its role in their transmission from the mobile phone to personals‟ hands. Methods: Crosses sectional quantitative survey study was conducted 442 participants were included,54.5% were students while 45.5% were employees in Taif University from September to December 2015,.Two instruments were used, for the demographic characteristics, information about health hazards with mobile device use and culture swab from participant's mobile devices and their hands. Results: Most of mobile users in both frequency and numbers of phones was female, Although that most of participants has good knowledge and awareness about cell phone health hazard, more than half of the participants had poor practices regarding protection of themselves against cell phone health hazards, 45 % of all cell phones were contaminated with bacteria while 33% of participants'' hands were contaminated Recommendations: Health education about mobile communications safety through mass media and in the nursing and medical curriculum with E-learning revolution and mobile application are becoming inevitable.

Background: The role of pain education is well established in improving knowledge and attitude towards the adherence to pain asses s-ment and management. Methods: A brief pain education program was delivered to assess nurses' knowledge and attitude towards pain assessment and manage-ment. The "KASRP" scale was used at three phases; pre, post, and three months' follow-up phases. Subsequent eight months observation on using pain assessment sheets was also performed. Results: One hundred and four nurses were assessed at the beginning, followed by 92 at the immediate post -test, and 70 at the follow-up. Although nurses scored lowest in having knowledge and attitudes prior to the program, a significant improvement was evident after de-livering pain education. In addition, nurses' competency in pain assessment was maintained over the three months of assessment. Young-er nurses with shorter clinical experience were found more reactive to the program than older nurses. Conclusions: A brief nurse-driven pain education has improved nurses' knowledge and attitude towards pain management .

Background: Healthcare workers are exposed to a range of factors related to diseases as well as infectious organisms. They are also ex-posed to needlestick injuries (NSIs) due to a lack of common and un-certain reporting system. The NSIs are a potential hazard for healthcare workers that were recognized as a serious risk factor for transmitting diseases by exposure to needlesticks contaminated with blood-borne pathogens. Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and occurrence of NSIs and determinants in nursing care in selected hospitals in Jordan. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. It was conducted in 2 types of Jordanian hospitals: governmental and private. A total of 210 Jordanian nurses were recruited to participate in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included demographic variables, NSIs during work, and causes. Results: Results showed that the mean (SD) age of participants was 32.4 (7.21) years. Approximately 67% of the participants had less than 5 years of experience. Most of the participants (75.5%) had an NSI. Sixty-one percent did not attend any training program about infection control; 12.2% had a positive immune status (Hepatitis B surface anti-gen, anti-Hepatitis C virus, and anti-human immunodef iciency virus), and 48% did not know it. More than half of the injuries (53%) to nurses occurred during recapping of a needle. Forty-seven percent of injured nurses did not report the injury to anyone. Approximately half of the nurses (48%) did not report (NSIs) to anyone, do not want to admit NSI to a supervisor, and were not concerned about NSI either. Conclusions: The frequency of NSIs among nursing care workers is high, and reporting is low. It needs to be further investigated. Special in-terventions such as in-service training of nurses on infection control mea-sures, standardized treatment after exposure, and follow-up are necessary.

Background: Malnutrition of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), is frequent and associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Nutritional status is frequently ignored in many dialysis centers while simple methods of nutritional assessment could have a favorable impact on patient management. Aims: To assess the nutritional status of patients undergoing hemodialysis and to assess the severity of malnutrition among those patients. Research Design: A cross-sectional study conducted to assess the nutritional status and prevalence of malnutrition among patients undergoing hemodialysis Sample: A total number of 478 patients from the three dialysis units at general hospitals in Assiut city /Egypt were included in the study Method: Data was collected through the direct and indirect methods which include personal, diet, and health questions, diet and fluid compliance, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Anthropometric measurements and Laboratory evaluation. Results: regarding patient fluid guidelines . They were at lowest point of omitting fluid guidelines thus; their deviations from fluid plan were also low. Considering that the possible range of total SGA scores falls between 7-35, Consistent with this result, the majority of patients (85. %) scored were moderate to severe level of malnutrition. The means for anthropometric measure were revealed normal scores. Albumin was at low level, but cholesterol level was at the optimal level. However, haemoglobin concentrations represented by the hematocrit percent revealed a deviated mean from normal values. Conclusion: Most of the patients in this study had moderate to severe level of malnutrition, low albumen and hematocrit. For prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of malnutrition in patients with end stage of renal disease undergoing hemodialysis, continuous educational programs should be organized in order to educate patients with chronic renal failure who are on hemodialysis for correction of malnutrition; in addition, periodic nutrition assessment and provision of a detailed diet plan for each patient is very helpful.

Background: Malnutrition of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), is frequent and associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Nutritional status is frequently ignored in many dialysis centers while simple methods of nutritional assessment could have a favorable impact on patient management. Aims: To assess the nutritional status of patients undergoing hemodialysis and to assess the severity of malnutrition among those patients. Research Design: A cross-sectional study conducted to assess the nutritional status and prevalence of malnutrition among patients undergoing hemodialysis Sample: A total number of 478 patients from the three dialysis units at general hospitals in Assiut city /Egypt were included in the study Method: Data was collected through the direct and indirect methods which include personal, diet, and health questions, diet and fluid compliance, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Anthropometric measurements and Laboratory evaluation. Results: regarding patient fluid guidelines . They were at lowest point of omitting fluid guidelines thus; their deviations from fluid plan were also low. Considering that the possible range of total SGA scores falls between 7-35, Consistent with this result, the majority of patients (85. %) scored were moderate to severe level of malnutrition. The means for anthropometric measure were revealed normal scores. Albumin was at low level, but cholesterol level was at the optimal level. However, haemoglobin concentrations represented by the hematocrit percent revealed a deviated mean from normal values. Conclusion: Most of the patients in this study had moderate to severe level of malnutrition, low albumen and hematocrit. For prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of malnutrition in patients with end stage of renal disease undergoing hemodialysis, continuous educational programs should be organized in order to educate patients with chronic renal failure who are on hemodialysis for correction of malnutrition; in addition, periodic nutrition assessment and provision of a detailed diet plan for each patient is very helpful.

Aim: To investigate the effect of teaching program on chemotherapy outcome for cancer elderly patients. Quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. The study was conducted in oncology out-patient clinics at Assiut University Hospitals. The sample of this study included (50) elderly patients suffering from cancer diseases, the sample taking randomized during year 2014. Two tools were used in this study; the first includes socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, residence, marital status and level of education). The second tool was used to assess the knowledge of cancer elderly patients about chemotherapy, side effects and prevention & control, by using true & false and multiple choice questions. Results: It was found that 78% of the study participants were aged (60-70years), while 70% were males and more than two thirds of them from rural areas. The results revealed that a highly statistical significant difference between knowledge pre-test (P= 0.000*) and immediate post-test (P= 0.000*). Conclusion: the majority of the study sample in the pre-test had unsatisfactory knowledge and the majority of them had good satisfactory knowledge immediately and after 1 month of implementing of teaching program. Recommendations: Teaching unit should be developed at Assiut University Hospital.

Aim: To assess the awareness among glaucoma patients at Upper Egypt Governorate hospitals. Research design: Descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study Setting: The study was conducted in ophthalmology outpatient clinics (male & female) at Assiut University Hospital & Al-rmad Hospi-tal, Elmina and Sohag Governorate. Subjects: The sample of this study total coverage of glaucoma patients included (1000), the researcher taking the sample during one yea r, this sample aged 50 years and above. Tool of study: One tool was used in this study include three parts, part I: patient demographic characteristics, part II: medical data, part III: knowledge about risk factors and self-practice regard glaucoma. Results: The most of patients age ranged between 60:80 year, nearly three quarter (74.6%) of them were females, and 80% of them comes from urban areas. The majority of studied sample (84.5%) unaware about glaucoma disease and show statistical significant differ-ence between awareness of them and their education, P≤0.05. Also, there was no significant difference between knowledge of studied sample and their residence. Conclusion: The majority of glaucoma patients complain from poor of knowledge & practice. Recommendation: Design & implement of health educational program about glaucoma are needed to improve patient knowledge & practice regard glaucoma.

Aim: To assess the awareness among glaucoma patients at Upper Egypt Governorate hospitals. Research design: Descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study Setting: The study was conducted in ophthalmology outpatient clinics (male & female) at Assiut University Hospital & Al-rmad Hospi-tal, Elmina and Sohag Governorate. Subjects: The sample of this study total coverage of glaucoma patients included (1000), the researcher taking the sample during one yea r, this sample aged 50 years and above. Tool of study: One tool was used in this study include three parts, part I: patient demographic characteristics, part II: medical data, part III: knowledge about risk factors and self-practice regard glaucoma. Results: The most of patients age ranged between 60:80 year, nearly three quarter (74.6%) of them were females, and 80% of them comes from urban areas. The majority of studied sample (84.5%) unaware about glaucoma disease and show statistical significant differ-ence between awareness of them and their education, P≤0.05. Also, there was no significant difference between knowledge of studied sample and their residence. Conclusion: The majority of glaucoma patients complain from poor of knowledge & practice. Recommendation: Design & implement of health educational program about glaucoma are needed to improve patient knowledge & practice regard glaucoma.

Aim: To assess the awareness among glaucoma patients at Upper Egypt Governorate hospitals. Research design: Descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study Setting: The study was conducted in ophthalmology outpatient clinics (male & female) at Assiut University Hospital & Al-rmad Hospi-tal, Elmina and Sohag Governorate. Subjects: The sample of this study total coverage of glaucoma patients included (1000), the researcher taking the sample during one yea r, this sample aged 50 years and above. Tool of study: One tool was used in this study include three parts, part I: patient demographic characteristics, part II: medical data, part III: knowledge about risk factors and self-practice regard glaucoma. Results: The most of patients age ranged between 60:80 year, nearly three quarter (74.6%) of them were females, and 80% of them comes from urban areas. The majority of studied sample (84.5%) unaware about glaucoma disease and show statistical significant differ-ence between awareness of them and their education, P≤0.05. Also, there was no significant difference between knowledge of studied sample and their residence. Conclusion: The majority of glaucoma patients complain from poor of knowledge & practice. Recommendation: Design & implement of health educational program about glaucoma are needed to improve patient knowledge & practice regard glaucoma.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of counseling sessions as nursing intervention on depression and loneliness among elderly. The study was carried out in the geriatric club in legitimate assembly and geriatric club in Cultural Center at Assiut City, Egypt. The study sample comprised of one hundred elderly person aged 60 years and above. They were assigned randomly in two groups as 50 intervention group and 50 control group. Three tools were used for data collection, namely: Socio-demographic data structured interview sheet, UCLA loneliness scale, Beck Depression Inventory Scale (BDI). The main results yielded by the study proved that, there were a highly significant difference between the mean scores of the intervention and control group at (P0.001). This result suggests that counseling sessions was effective on reducing depression and loneliness among elderly people. Also, there were statistically significant highly correlation between depression and loneliness (r=0.892, p=0.001). The study recommended that psycho-educational program is needed to assist psychologists, counselors and social workers, nurses, who work with the elderly, to utilize the theoretical principles and the therapeutic process of this approach as a nursing intervention on reducing depression and loneliness among elderly