Abstract Road traffic accidents have been responsible for an increasing number of deaths and disabilities worldwide. Aim: Assess knowledge and practice of car drivers regarding first aid of road traffic accident. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional research design was used in the study. It was conducted at Sohag University. A 87 Car drivers was participated in this study. Two tools developed by the researcher were used: Tool:the first tool: A structured interviewing questionnaire that include two parts; Part 1: demographic data of car drivers. Part 2: knowledge assessment questionnaire about first aid and road traffic accidents. Second tool: An observational checklist was used to assess practices of drivers regarding first aid of road traffic accidents. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.36 ± 9.48. 33.3% of them had secondary education. 92.0% of them weren't having previous first aid training. 86% of them had an unsatisfactory knowledge level and all of studied car drivers had unsatisfactory practices of first aid of road traffic accident. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the majority of them had an unsatisfactory knowledge level and total of car drivers had unsatisfactory practices of first aid of road traffic accident Recommendations: Design and implement training programs for car drivers regarding first aid of road traffic accidents.

Abstract Road traffic accidents have been responsible for an increasing number of deaths and disabilities worldwide. Aim: Assess knowledge and practice of car drivers regarding first aid of road traffic accident. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional research design was used in the study. It was conducted at Sohag University. A 87 Car drivers was participated in this study. Two tools developed by the researcher were used: Tool:the first tool: A structured interviewing questionnaire that include two parts; Part 1: demographic data of car drivers. Part 2: knowledge assessment questionnaire about first aid and road traffic accidents. Second tool: An observational checklist was used to assess practices of drivers regarding first aid of road traffic accidents. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.36 ± 9.48. 33.3% of them had secondary education. 92.0% of them weren't having previous first aid training. 86% of them had an unsatisfactory knowledge level and all of studied car drivers had unsatisfactory practices of first aid of road traffic accident. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the majority of them had an unsatisfactory knowledge level and total of car drivers had unsatisfactory practices of first aid of road traffic accident Recommendations: Design and implement training programs for car drivers regarding first aid of road traffic accidents.

g Abstract An alteration of lifestyle before menopause and the mode of approach to life after menopause can help those who aren’t approaching menopause to be prepared for what is ahead of them and thereby reduce the menopause-related health problems and helps them enter this stage of their life with adequate knowledge and a positive attitude. Aim: Assess women's knowledge and attitude toward menopausal symptoms and to investigate the health proposed health practices to overcome menopausal problems. Research design: A descriptive cross- sectional study design was adopted in this study. Setting: the current study was conducted in obstetrics & gynecological outpatient clinics at Sohag University hospital in Sohag city, Egypt from April to September 2017. Sample: A convenience sampling of 390 premenopausal women who fit the criteria was included in the study. Tool: One tool used in the current study named as structure interview questionnaire consisting of four parts: demographic information, questions to assess knowledge, preventive health practice and attitude toward menopause. Results: Most of the women had poor level of knowledge about menopause, and less than two thirds of them (60%) had also poor level of knowledge concerning preventive health practice about menopause. Whereas (65%) of the studied women had positive attitude toward menopause. Conclusion: The study concluded that women’ knowledge level and awareness toward the preventive health practices were low with a positive attitude toward menopause. Recommendations: The study recommended that a well-informed continuous, health education program should be imparted to women. Further, emphasis also needs to be given through workshops and seminars about menopause. practices

g Abstract An alteration of lifestyle before menopause and the mode of approach to life after menopause can help those who aren’t approaching menopause to be prepared for what is ahead of them and thereby reduce the menopause-related health problems and helps them enter this stage of their life with adequate knowledge and a positive attitude. Aim: Assess women's knowledge and attitude toward menopausal symptoms and to investigate the health proposed health practices to overcome menopausal problems. Research design: A descriptive cross- sectional study design was adopted in this study. Setting: the current study was conducted in obstetrics & gynecological outpatient clinics at Sohag University hospital in Sohag city, Egypt from April to September 2017. Sample: A convenience sampling of 390 premenopausal women who fit the criteria was included in the study. Tool: One tool used in the current study named as structure interview questionnaire consisting of four parts: demographic information, questions to assess knowledge, preventive health practice and attitude toward menopause. Results: Most of the women had poor level of knowledge about menopause, and less than two thirds of them (60%) had also poor level of knowledge concerning preventive health practice about menopause. Whereas (65%) of the studied women had positive attitude toward menopause. Conclusion: The study concluded that women’ knowledge level and awareness toward the preventive health practices were low with a positive attitude toward menopause. Recommendations: The study recommended that a well-informed continuous, health education program should be imparted to women. Further, emphasis also needs to be given through workshops and seminars about menopause. practices

ABSTRACT Background and objective: Nurses in primary health care are a considerable group of professionals working in the health sector and an adequate quality of working life will empower them to provide favorable quality care to their clients. Further, a better quality of working life can keep the employees focused and support them to strive effectively towards the organization’s vision. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between nurses’ empowerment and quality of work life at primary health care centers in Assiut City. Methods: This study was conducted in a descriptive correlated manner; the population consisted of the Assiut city primary health care centers nursing staff (n = 85). Self-administered questionnaire consisted of three parts: 1st part-Personal characteristics data questionnaire, 2nd part-Work Empowerment Promoting Factors Scale, and 3rd part: Quality of Nurses’ Work Life questionnaire. Results: There were significant negative correlations between quality of work life and empowerment factors among studied nurses. Conclusions and recommendations: Workshops on the quality of work life skills for nurses and nurse managers should be done periodically, nurse managers in MCH centers should provide nurses by sufficient information, guide and resources, Nurses in primary health centers have to remain allowed to participate in decision making process to empower them, as like properly as growing theirs effect on autonomy, and First line nurse managers should periodically have nursing group meeting to verbalized, vitalize and support peer and social interaction.

ABSTRACT Background and objective: Nurses in primary health care are a considerable group of professionals working in the health sector and an adequate quality of working life will empower them to provide favorable quality care to their clients. Further, a better quality of working life can keep the employees focused and support them to strive effectively towards the organization’s vision. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between nurses’ empowerment and quality of work life at primary health care centers in Assiut City. Methods: This study was conducted in a descriptive correlated manner; the population consisted of the Assiut city primary health care centers nursing staff (n = 85). Self-administered questionnaire consisted of three parts: 1st part-Personal characteristics data questionnaire, 2nd part-Work Empowerment Promoting Factors Scale, and 3rd part: Quality of Nurses’ Work Life questionnaire. Results: There were significant negative correlations between quality of work life and empowerment factors among studied nurses. Conclusions and recommendations: Workshops on the quality of work life skills for nurses and nurse managers should be done periodically, nurse managers in MCH centers should provide nurses by sufficient information, guide and resources, Nurses in primary health centers have to remain allowed to participate in decision making process to empower them, as like properly as growing theirs effect on autonomy, and First line nurse managers should periodically have nursing group meeting to verbalized, vitalize and support peer and social interaction.

ABSTRACT Background and objective: Nurses in primary health care are a considerable group of professionals working in the health sector and an adequate quality of working life will empower them to provide favorable quality care to their clients. Further, a better quality of working life can keep the employees focused and support them to strive effectively towards the organization’s vision. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between nurses’ empowerment and quality of work life at primary health care centers in Assiut City. Methods: This study was conducted in a descriptive correlated manner; the population consisted of the Assiut city primary health care centers nursing staff (n = 85). Self-administered questionnaire consisted of three parts: 1st part-Personal characteristics data questionnaire, 2nd part-Work Empowerment Promoting Factors Scale, and 3rd part: Quality of Nurses’ Work Life questionnaire. Results: There were significant negative correlations between quality of work life and empowerment factors among studied nurses. Conclusions and recommendations: Workshops on the quality of work life skills for nurses and nurse managers should be done periodically, nurse managers in MCH centers should provide nurses by sufficient information, guide and resources, Nurses in primary health centers have to remain allowed to participate in decision making process to empower them, as like properly as growing theirs effect on autonomy, and First line nurse managers should periodically have nursing group meeting to verbalized, vitalize and support peer and social interaction.

ABSTRACT Context: Quality of life is a broad multidimensional and dynamic concept. It influences the performance of the individual in physical, social, and spiritual aspects of life. Despite the postpartum period is accompanied by many physical, emotional, and social changes in women's health, it is often a neglected aspect of women's health care. Aim: This study aimed to assess the postpartum quality of life among mothers regardless of their delivery mode and to assess the difference in the quality of life at the various mode of delivery. Methods: A descriptive exploratory cross-sectional study employed to achieve the aim of this study. A structured interview questionnaire and postpartum quality of life scale that include assessment of four health-related domains that were child care, physical, psychological, and social functioning were used to achieve the aims of this study. Results: The study revealed a fair and a good level of quality of life among most of the studied women regardless of their mode of delivery. The quality of life subscales' assessment revealed a non-statistically significant difference between women in various delivery modes in the domains of child care and physical functioning. While statistically significant differences revealed between all groups regarding their physical and social functioning. Conclusion: The study did not show a clear-cut benefit in favor of any modes of delivery in respect of postpartum life quality, and the research hypothesis is not fully supported. The study recommended further a longitudinal study to understand the magnitude, trajectory and underpinning mechanisms of health-related quality of life outcomes following different modes of delivery.

ABSTRACT Context: Quality of life is a broad multidimensional and dynamic concept. It influences the performance of the individual in physical, social, and spiritual aspects of life. Despite the postpartum period is accompanied by many physical, emotional, and social changes in women's health, it is often a neglected aspect of women's health care. Aim: This study aimed to assess the postpartum quality of life among mothers regardless of their delivery mode and to assess the difference in the quality of life at the various mode of delivery. Methods: A descriptive exploratory cross-sectional study employed to achieve the aim of this study. A structured interview questionnaire and postpartum quality of life scale that include assessment of four health-related domains that were child care, physical, psychological, and social functioning were used to achieve the aims of this study. Results: The study revealed a fair and a good level of quality of life among most of the studied women regardless of their mode of delivery. The quality of life subscales' assessment revealed a non-statistically significant difference between women in various delivery modes in the domains of child care and physical functioning. While statistically significant differences revealed between all groups regarding their physical and social functioning. Conclusion: The study did not show a clear-cut benefit in favor of any modes of delivery in respect of postpartum life quality, and the research hypothesis is not fully supported. The study recommended further a longitudinal study to understand the magnitude, trajectory and underpinning mechanisms of health-related quality of life outcomes following different modes of delivery.

ABSTRACT Context: Quality of life is a broad multidimensional and dynamic concept. It influences the performance of the individual in physical, social, and spiritual aspects of life. Despite the postpartum period is accompanied by many physical, emotional, and social changes in women's health, it is often a neglected aspect of women's health care. Aim: This study aimed to assess the postpartum quality of life among mothers regardless of their delivery mode and to assess the difference in the quality of life at the various mode of delivery. Methods: A descriptive exploratory cross-sectional study employed to achieve the aim of this study. A structured interview questionnaire and postpartum quality of life scale that include assessment of four health-related domains that were child care, physical, psychological, and social functioning were used to achieve the aims of this study. Results: The study revealed a fair and a good level of quality of life among most of the studied women regardless of their mode of delivery. The quality of life subscales' assessment revealed a non-statistically significant difference between women in various delivery modes in the domains of child care and physical functioning. While statistically significant differences revealed between all groups regarding their physical and social functioning. Conclusion: The study did not show a clear-cut benefit in favor of any modes of delivery in respect of postpartum life quality, and the research hypothesis is not fully supported. The study recommended further a longitudinal study to understand the magnitude, trajectory and underpinning mechanisms of health-related quality of life outcomes following different modes of delivery.