Background Psychological status plays an important role in adolescent mothers. It may cause alterations in their self-concept and self-esteem. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the degrees of self-concept and self-esteem among adolescent pregnant women at General Assiut Hospital, Assiut Governorate (Elshamla Hospital). Patients and methods A cross-sectional research design was applied in this study. The setting was antenatal outpatient clinic of General Assiut Hospital (Elshamla Hospital). A convenient sample of 320 adolescent pregnant women was recruited in this study. Three tools were used in this study for collecting the data: a structured interview questionnaire, self-image questionnaire, and self-esteem scale. The study started at April 2016 and ended at February 2017. Results The main findings revealed that the age range of teenage pregnant women was 14–17 years old, and most of them lived in urban areas. There is a high hospitalbased rate of teenage pregnancy (34%) at General Assiut Hospital, Assiut City, Egypt. Moderate self-concept and self-esteem are seen among the most teenage pregnant women (93 and 96%, respectively). Finally, there is a strong relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, especially age and fluctuations of selfconcept and self-esteem, among these women. Conclusion There is a strong relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, especially age and fluctuations of self-concept and self-esteem, among these women. Recommendations Implementing prenatal training courses for nurses about the role of psychological support in raising self-concept and self-esteem in teenage pregnancy is recommended.