Purpose: Diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (ED) in men is a worldwide problem. Histopathological changes in diabetic corpora cavernosa (CC) tissue are not fully understood due to limited studies on human tissues. The aim of this study was to compare histopathological changes between CC of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with ED. Patients and methods: Forty CC biopsies were taken from 16 diabetic and 24 nondiabetic men during penile implant insertion. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from each specimen were stained with conventional hematoxylin and eosin stains for general assessment of histopathological changes, with Masson trichrome for assessment of smooth muscle (SM) fibers and collagen, and with Verhoeff’s elastic van Gieson stain for assessment of elastic fibers (EF). SM fibers were assessed for cell thickness/bundle, shape, and percentage from trabecular tissue thickness. EF were assessed for shape and percentage from trabecular tissue. Arteries and venous sinuses were assessed for presence of subendothelial fibrosis. The main outcome measures were thickness and shape of trabecular SM bundles, percentage of trabecular EF and shape, and presence of subendothelial fibrosis. Results: No difference in SM thickness was detected; however, SM in the diabetic group showed higher degree of shape abnormality in the form of frayed fibers (P=0.007) and more intramuscular fibrosis (P=0.001). The percentage of collagen fibers was significantly higher in diabetic patients (P=0.002). The percentage of EF in trabecular tissue ranged from 10 to 60% and was significantly reduced in diabetic patients (P=0.015). Subendothelial fibrosis within arteries and sinuses was higher in the diabetic group (P=0.059 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: The major structural changes within CC tissue in diabetic patients were fraying and fibrosis in SM, increased trabecular collagen fibers, and reduction of EF. These changes may play a role in prevention of SM relaxation and interference

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (ED) in men is a worldwide problem. Histopathological changes in diabetic corpora cavernosa (CC) tissue are not fully understood due to limited studies on human tissues. The aim of this study was to compare histopathological changes between CC of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with ED. Patients and methods: Forty CC biopsies were taken from 16 diabetic and 24 nondiabetic men during penile implant insertion. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from each specimen were stained with conventional hematoxylin and eosin stains for general assessment of histopathological changes, with Masson trichrome for assessment of smooth muscle (SM) fibers and collagen, and with Verhoeff’s elastic van Gieson stain for assessment of elastic fibers (EF). SM fibers were assessed for cell thickness/bundle, shape, and percentage from trabecular tissue thickness. EF were assessed for shape and percentage from trabecular tissue. Arteries and venous sinuses were assessed for presence of subendothelial fibrosis. The main outcome measures were thickness and shape of trabecular SM bundles, percentage of trabecular EF and shape, and presence of subendothelial fibrosis. Results: No difference in SM thickness was detected; however, SM in the diabetic group showed higher degree of shape abnormality in the form of frayed fibers (P=0.007) and more intramuscular fibrosis (P=0.001). The percentage of collagen fibers was significantly higher in diabetic patients (P=0.002). The percentage of EF in trabecular tissue ranged from 10 to 60% and was significantly reduced in diabetic patients (P=0.015). Subendothelial fibrosis within arteries and sinuses was higher in the diabetic group (P=0.059 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: The major structural changes within CC tissue in diabetic patients were fraying and fibrosis in SM, increased trabecular collagen fibers, and reduction of EF. These changes may play a role in prevention of SM relaxation and interference

Aim: We investigated the associations between variants in genes coding for enzymes and transporters related to the 6-mercaptopurine pathway and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. MATERIALS & METHODS: Statistical association between gender, age and genotypes of selected SNPs, and the risks of hematological toxicity and relapse were investigated using a Cox proportional hazard model in 70 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients from upper Egypt. RESULTS: We found significant associations between ITPA, IMPDH1, SLC29A1, SLC28A2, SLC28A3 and ABCC4 SNPs and one or more of the hematological toxicity manifestations (neutropenia, agranulocytosis and leukopenia); age was significantly related to relapse. CONCLUSION: Genetic polymorphisms in enzymes and transporters involved in the 6-mercaptopurine pathway should be considered during its use to avoid hematological toxicity.

Aim: We investigated the associations between variants in genes coding for enzymes and transporters related to the 6-mercaptopurine pathway and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. MATERIALS & METHODS: Statistical association between gender, age and genotypes of selected SNPs, and the risks of hematological toxicity and relapse were investigated using a Cox proportional hazard model in 70 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients from upper Egypt. RESULTS: We found significant associations between ITPA, IMPDH1, SLC29A1, SLC28A2, SLC28A3 and ABCC4 SNPs and one or more of the hematological toxicity manifestations (neutropenia, agranulocytosis and leukopenia); age was significantly related to relapse. CONCLUSION: Genetic polymorphisms in enzymes and transporters involved in the 6-mercaptopurine pathway should be considered during its use to avoid hematological toxicity.

Aim: We investigated the associations between variants in genes coding for enzymes and transporters related to the 6-mercaptopurine pathway and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. MATERIALS & METHODS: Statistical association between gender, age and genotypes of selected SNPs, and the risks of hematological toxicity and relapse were investigated using a Cox proportional hazard model in 70 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients from upper Egypt. RESULTS: We found significant associations between ITPA, IMPDH1, SLC29A1, SLC28A2, SLC28A3 and ABCC4 SNPs and one or more of the hematological toxicity manifestations (neutropenia, agranulocytosis and leukopenia); age was significantly related to relapse. CONCLUSION: Genetic polymorphisms in enzymes and transporters involved in the 6-mercaptopurine pathway should be considered during its use to avoid hematological toxicity.

Aim: We investigated the associations between variants in genes coding for enzymes and transporters related to the 6-mercaptopurine pathway and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. MATERIALS & METHODS: Statistical association between gender, age and genotypes of selected SNPs, and the risks of hematological toxicity and relapse were investigated using a Cox proportional hazard model in 70 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients from upper Egypt. RESULTS: We found significant associations between ITPA, IMPDH1, SLC29A1, SLC28A2, SLC28A3 and ABCC4 SNPs and one or more of the hematological toxicity manifestations (neutropenia, agranulocytosis and leukopenia); age was significantly related to relapse. CONCLUSION: Genetic polymorphisms in enzymes and transporters involved in the 6-mercaptopurine pathway should be considered during its use to avoid hematological toxicity.

Abstract Aim of work: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the second most common cause of admission to Chest Department at Assiut University hospital, the pattern of presentation, method for diagnosis and Co-morbidities need further studies. Aim: To explore demographic data and pattern of presentation of patients with IPF in upper Egypt and to study the difference from international data. Methods: A total of 568 patients with final diagnosis of IPF were studied, retrospective study was done using the available hospital database for all patients admitted at Assiut University hospital (Tertiary hospital for all upper Egypt Governorates) during the period from 2007 to 2012. Patients with incomplete data were excluded from study, all patients underwent chest X-ray, high resolution computed tomography, spirometry, arterial blood gases, in addition to routine laboratory investigation. Patients with clinical or laboratory evidence of collagen vascular disease or extrinsic allergic alveolitis were excluded from current study. Results: The current study included 568 patients, 191 males and 377 females, mean age 44 ± 12 years. In all cases diagnosis was made according to clinical, spirometry and HRCT chest, no one was subjected to thoracoscopic or bronchoscopic lung biopsy. Most cases were house wife or farmer, 76% of cases were non-smokers, 17% ex-smokers and 7% current smokers, 86% of cases have restrictive spirometry. Usual interstitial pneumonia was the most common high resolution chest computed tomography pattern (51%) (Fig. 5). 39% of cases have at least one Co-morbid disease such as systemic hypertension, ischemic heart disease, pulmonary embolism and/or diabetes mellitus. There was a significant difference between male and female patients with IPF with regard to smoking status (P value 0.005) and HRCT pattern (P 0.01). Conclusion: IPF in upper Egypt has a different age and sex distribution compared to international data. Domestic air pollution, indoor exposures or other environmental factors may account for this difference. Lack of local resources for lung biopsy and lack of national guidelines for IPF may also account for this difference. It is highly recommended to establish a national database for patients with IPF in order to plane for national guidelines.

Abstract Aim of work: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the second most common cause of admission to Chest Department at Assiut University hospital, the pattern of presentation, method for diagnosis and Co-morbidities need further studies. Aim: To explore demographic data and pattern of presentation of patients with IPF in upper Egypt and to study the difference from international data. Methods: A total of 568 patients with final diagnosis of IPF were studied, retrospective study was done using the available hospital database for all patients admitted at Assiut University hospital (Tertiary hospital for all upper Egypt Governorates) during the period from 2007 to 2012. Patients with incomplete data were excluded from study, all patients underwent chest X-ray, high resolution computed tomography, spirometry, arterial blood gases, in addition to routine laboratory investigation. Patients with clinical or laboratory evidence of collagen vascular disease or extrinsic allergic alveolitis were excluded from current study. Results: The current study included 568 patients, 191 males and 377 females, mean age 44 ± 12 years. In all cases diagnosis was made according to clinical, spirometry and HRCT chest, no one was subjected to thoracoscopic or bronchoscopic lung biopsy. Most cases were house wife or farmer, 76% of cases were non-smokers, 17% ex-smokers and 7% current smokers, 86% of cases have restrictive spirometry. Usual interstitial pneumonia was the most common high resolution chest computed tomography pattern (51%) (Fig. 5). 39% of cases have at least one Co-morbid disease such as systemic hypertension, ischemic heart disease, pulmonary embolism and/or diabetes mellitus. There was a significant difference between male and female patients with IPF with regard to smoking status (P value 0.005) and HRCT pattern (P 0.01). Conclusion: IPF in upper Egypt has a different age and sex distribution compared to international data. Domestic air pollution, indoor exposures or other environmental factors may account for this difference. Lack of local resources for lung biopsy and lack of national guidelines for IPF may also account for this difference. It is highly recommended to establish a national database for patients with IPF in order to plane for national guidelines.

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer ranked the second cancers in the Kingdom of Sa all newly diagnosed cancers in 2010. There are several risk factors affecting the incidence of influence the risk more than others. Colorectal cancer is easily preventable through screenin early stages and improve survival rates. Aim: We aimed to determine the level of knowledg cancer and its risk factors among mall adult visitors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Acro five randomly selected malls (120 from each mall were randomly recruited), using a modi standard deviations, frequencies, percentages were calculated for the differences in the le participants. Results: The response rate was 70% (55% were females and 45% were m participants identified cigarette smoking, family history of colorectal cancer and inflammat the disease. In addition, the majority of responses reported that screening tools are useful control. Conclusion: Implementation of awareness programs is needed to establish a stro centers and educational institutions to increase the level of awareness of colorectal cancer.

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