ABSTRACT Objective To present a preface for an updatable classification system of Mü llerian anomalies addressing the limitations of currently available classifications and focuses on adolescent needs. Methods We carried out a review of the literature, available classification systems, and reports of more than 400 cases of congenital malformation; then, we proposed the present preliminary report for a subsequent classification system. Results Among the currently available classifications, the American Fertility Society (AFS) classification system was found to be the most simple, widely accepted, and user friendly. The American Fertility Society classification as well as other classification systems had many limitations. We proposed a preface for an updatable classification system characterized by simplicity and clarity depending on the embryologic backgrounds, following a logical anatomical hierarchy, integrating clinical significance, addressing the limitations, focused on categories that compromise the reproductive health of adolescent females, and ultimately focused on treatment options. The available treatment options are revised and presented for each subclass whenever feasible. The suggested name of the proposed classification system is the 'adolescent-focused, treatment-based' classification. Conclusion The current proposal represents a nucleus for a logical and updatable classification of Mü llerian duct anomalies focusing on problems that compromise the health of adolescent females. It combined the advantages of uniformity, being based on embryologic backgrounds, and following anatomical, management complexity hierarchies, in addition to being potentially user friendly. Mullerian duct anomalies: Towards an adolescent-focused, treatment-based classification system - ResearchGate. Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/234006182_Mullerian_duct_anomalies_Towards_an_adolescent-focused_treatment-based_classification_system [accessed Aug 3, 2015].

ABSTRACT Objective To present a preface for an updatable classification system of Mü llerian anomalies addressing the limitations of currently available classifications and focuses on adolescent needs. Methods We carried out a review of the literature, available classification systems, and reports of more than 400 cases of congenital malformation; then, we proposed the present preliminary report for a subsequent classification system. Results Among the currently available classifications, the American Fertility Society (AFS) classification system was found to be the most simple, widely accepted, and user friendly. The American Fertility Society classification as well as other classification systems had many limitations. We proposed a preface for an updatable classification system characterized by simplicity and clarity depending on the embryologic backgrounds, following a logical anatomical hierarchy, integrating clinical significance, addressing the limitations, focused on categories that compromise the reproductive health of adolescent females, and ultimately focused on treatment options. The available treatment options are revised and presented for each subclass whenever feasible. The suggested name of the proposed classification system is the 'adolescent-focused, treatment-based' classification. Conclusion The current proposal represents a nucleus for a logical and updatable classification of Mü llerian duct anomalies focusing on problems that compromise the health of adolescent females. It combined the advantages of uniformity, being based on embryologic backgrounds, and following anatomical, management complexity hierarchies, in addition to being potentially user friendly. Mullerian duct anomalies: Towards an adolescent-focused, treatment-based classification system - ResearchGate. Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/234006182_Mullerian_duct_anomalies_Towards_an_adolescent-focused_treatment-based_classification_system [accessed Aug 3, 2015].

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of 800 microg of rectal misoprostol compared with an intravenous infusion of 5 IU of oxytocin as prophylaxis against postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). METHODS: A total of 514 women in labor were randomized into two groups (257 women in each). Within 1 minute of delivery of the anterior shoulder participants in group 1 received 800 microg of rectal misoprostol and 1 ampoule of normal saline in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously; group 2 received a rectal placebo tablet and 5 IU of oxytocin in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable regarding the need for uterotonics, blood transfusion, and hematocrit drop of 10% or greater, 24 hours post partum (P=0.54, P=0.25, and P=0.85, respectively). Fever was significantly higher among misoprostol patients (18.7% vs 0.8%, P0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of 800 microg of rectal misoprostol was effective in reducing blood loss after delivery. We recommend the regimen for low-resource, busy obstetric settings.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of 800 microg of rectal misoprostol compared with an intravenous infusion of 5 IU of oxytocin as prophylaxis against postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). METHODS: A total of 514 women in labor were randomized into two groups (257 women in each). Within 1 minute of delivery of the anterior shoulder participants in group 1 received 800 microg of rectal misoprostol and 1 ampoule of normal saline in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously; group 2 received a rectal placebo tablet and 5 IU of oxytocin in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable regarding the need for uterotonics, blood transfusion, and hematocrit drop of 10% or greater, 24 hours post partum (P=0.54, P=0.25, and P=0.85, respectively). Fever was significantly higher among misoprostol patients (18.7% vs 0.8%, P0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of 800 microg of rectal misoprostol was effective in reducing blood loss after delivery. We recommend the regimen for low-resource, busy obstetric settings.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of 800 microg of rectal misoprostol compared with an intravenous infusion of 5 IU of oxytocin as prophylaxis against postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). METHODS: A total of 514 women in labor were randomized into two groups (257 women in each). Within 1 minute of delivery of the anterior shoulder participants in group 1 received 800 microg of rectal misoprostol and 1 ampoule of normal saline in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously; group 2 received a rectal placebo tablet and 5 IU of oxytocin in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable regarding the need for uterotonics, blood transfusion, and hematocrit drop of 10% or greater, 24 hours post partum (P=0.54, P=0.25, and P=0.85, respectively). Fever was significantly higher among misoprostol patients (18.7% vs 0.8%, P0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of 800 microg of rectal misoprostol was effective in reducing blood loss after delivery. We recommend the regimen for low-resource, busy obstetric settings.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of 800 microg of rectal misoprostol compared with an intravenous infusion of 5 IU of oxytocin as prophylaxis against postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). METHODS: A total of 514 women in labor were randomized into two groups (257 women in each). Within 1 minute of delivery of the anterior shoulder participants in group 1 received 800 microg of rectal misoprostol and 1 ampoule of normal saline in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously; group 2 received a rectal placebo tablet and 5 IU of oxytocin in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable regarding the need for uterotonics, blood transfusion, and hematocrit drop of 10% or greater, 24 hours post partum (P=0.54, P=0.25, and P=0.85, respectively). Fever was significantly higher among misoprostol patients (18.7% vs 0.8%, P0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of 800 microg of rectal misoprostol was effective in reducing blood loss after delivery. We recommend the regimen for low-resource, busy obstetric settings.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of 800 microg of rectal misoprostol compared with an intravenous infusion of 5 IU of oxytocin as prophylaxis against postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). METHODS: A total of 514 women in labor were randomized into two groups (257 women in each). Within 1 minute of delivery of the anterior shoulder participants in group 1 received 800 microg of rectal misoprostol and 1 ampoule of normal saline in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously; group 2 received a rectal placebo tablet and 5 IU of oxytocin in 5 mL lactated Ringer solution intravenously. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable regarding the need for uterotonics, blood transfusion, and hematocrit drop of 10% or greater, 24 hours post partum (P=0.54, P=0.25, and P=0.85, respectively). Fever was significantly higher among misoprostol patients (18.7% vs 0.8%, P0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of 800 microg of rectal misoprostol was effective in reducing blood loss after delivery. We recommend the regimen for low-resource, busy obstetric settings.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) using a saline solution with that of radiographic hysterosalpingography (HSG) in the assessment of tubal patency. METHOD: We compared the findings obtained by the 2 methods with those obtained by standard diagnostic laparoscopy with the chromopertubation test in a study with 88 infertile women younger than 40 years. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of HyCoSy and HSG were similar, and 65 (74%) of the women reported the pain associated with HyCoSy as mild to moderate. CONCLUSION: The HyCoSy procedure is well tolerated and can be used as a primary tool for the evaluation of tubal patency in infertile women.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) using a saline solution with that of radiographic hysterosalpingography (HSG) in the assessment of tubal patency. METHOD: We compared the findings obtained by the 2 methods with those obtained by standard diagnostic laparoscopy with the chromopertubation test in a study with 88 infertile women younger than 40 years. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of HyCoSy and HSG were similar, and 65 (74%) of the women reported the pain associated with HyCoSy as mild to moderate. CONCLUSION: The HyCoSy procedure is well tolerated and can be used as a primary tool for the evaluation of tubal patency in infertile women.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) using a saline solution with that of radiographic hysterosalpingography (HSG) in the assessment of tubal patency. METHOD: We compared the findings obtained by the 2 methods with those obtained by standard diagnostic laparoscopy with the chromopertubation test in a study with 88 infertile women younger than 40 years. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of HyCoSy and HSG were similar, and 65 (74%) of the women reported the pain associated with HyCoSy as mild to moderate. CONCLUSION: The HyCoSy procedure is well tolerated and can be used as a primary tool for the evaluation of tubal patency in infertile women.