Abstract: This paper concerns with enhancing Micro Energy Grid (MEG) performance by Novel Developed Flexible AC Transmission System (D-FACTS) based on the integration of Genetics algorithm (GA) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The design and development of MEG, with hardware demonstration, is developed at the Energy Safety and Control Laboratory (ESCL), University of Ontario Institute of Technology. The hardware/software based system includes implementation of control strategies for Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and programmable loads in a laboratory scale; and the appropriate software was developed to monitor all MEG parameters and to control the various components. The interconnection of renewable energy sources, such as wind power, solar PV and others, are implemented, studied and integrated into this MEG. Furthermore, gas based DERs operate as Combined Heat and Power (CHP) to supply both thermal and electrical loads. The design, development, and hardware setup of this MEG has been presented in a planning stage and an operational stage. Firstly, the planning stage optimizes the size and type of DERs for minimum cost and emissions. Then, in the operational stage, there will be the evaluation of the dynamic response to fine tuning the dynamic response. So a novel D-FACTS device, Green Plug-Energy Economizer (GP-EE) with two DC/AC schemes, is proposed and integrated into this MEG. The integrated GA with ANFIS has been applied to control the settings of GP-EE to fine-tune the system dynamic response. The proposed controller ensures the adaptation of the global control error of dynamic tri-loop regulation for GP-EE. The proposed control strategy leads to get full MEG utilization by increasing the energy efficiency and reliability. Power factor improvement, bus voltage stabilizing, feeder loss minimization and power quality enhancement are realized and achieved. Hardware demonstration with digital simulations have been used to validate the results to show the effectiveness and the improved performance.

This paper describes the wireless sensor networks, which is widely used in the last few decades. The hardware architecture of sensor node as a construction unit for WSN is illustrated with sensor applications. The localization process and its challenges are mentioned. A comparison between algorithms and techniques for sensor localization is presented. The factors that affect design issues including different topologies, mobility matter of sensor nodes, security issues, and finally future work and new trends for wireless sensor network localization.

This paper describes the wireless sensor networks, which is widely used in the last few decades. The hardware architecture of sensor node as a construction unit for WSN is illustrated with sensor applications. The localization process and its challenges are mentioned. A comparison between algorithms and techniques for sensor localization is presented. The factors that affect design issues including different topologies, mobility matter of sensor nodes, security issues, and finally future work and new trends for wireless sensor network localization.

This paper describes the wireless sensor networks, which is widely used in the last few decades. The hardware architecture of sensor node as a construction unit for WSN is illustrated with sensor applications. The localization process and its challenges are mentioned. A comparison between algorithms and techniques for sensor localization is presented. The factors that affect design issues including different topologies, mobility matter of sensor nodes, security issues, and finally future work and new trends for wireless sensor network localization.

The problem of noise pollution is evaluated in Assuit Cement Company (CEMEX). The study is conducted in the limestone quarry and cement plant. Noise levels is predicted using the prediction model. Also, noise levels were calculated based on the machine data. Measurements were carried out using Bruel & Kjaer, sound level meter Type 2230 at different distances from the noise sources. The study proved that, (a) the highest noise levels in Assiut Limestone Quarry is generated from Hydraulic Hammer (102.22 dBA) and crushing operations (100.1 dBA) these levels are greater than the standard values; and the lowest noise levels are the Belt drive (63.71 dBA) and the Belt conveyor (61.40 dBA), (b) the workers’ camp in Assiut Limestone Quarry is subjected to a noise level of (63.71 dBA) which is greater than the acceptable levels, (c) the management building in the quarry is subjected to a noise level of (69.17 dBA) higher than the acceptable limit. (d) the safe distance from the quarry found to be 1250 m. (e) the management buildings in the plant are protected from high levels. (f) the predicted noise levels can be used to evaluate the noise problem in the planning stage of new projects, in order to keep the working and ambient environment safe.

The problem of noise pollution is evaluated in Assuit Cement Company (CEMEX). The study is conducted in the limestone quarry and cement plant. Noise levels is predicted using the prediction model. Also, noise levels were calculated based on the machine data. Measurements were carried out using Bruel & Kjaer, sound level meter Type 2230 at different distances from the noise sources. The study proved that, (a) the highest noise levels in Assiut Limestone Quarry is generated from Hydraulic Hammer (102.22 dBA) and crushing operations (100.1 dBA) these levels are greater than the standard values; and the lowest noise levels are the Belt drive (63.71 dBA) and the Belt conveyor (61.40 dBA), (b) the workers’ camp in Assiut Limestone Quarry is subjected to a noise level of (63.71 dBA) which is greater than the acceptable levels, (c) the management building in the quarry is subjected to a noise level of (69.17 dBA) higher than the acceptable limit. (d) the safe distance from the quarry found to be 1250 m. (e) the management buildings in the plant are protected from high levels. (f) the predicted noise levels can be used to evaluate the noise problem in the planning stage of new projects, in order to keep the working and ambient environment safe.

Noise Levels (NL) in mining and industrial plants were investigated at three mining and industrial plants, namely: Assiut Cement plant, Assiut Cement Quarry and El-Gedida mine, using SL-130 and Bruel & Kjaer, Type 1625 sound level meters at the selected points away from the sources. Numerical prediction models for noise level; ISO and VDI were applied. The differences between the measured values and the predicted ones using these models were compared in order to evaluate the accuracy of these models. The results of the field measurements at the three areas showed good agreement with the results of the noise prediction models. The results obtained indicated that; (a) the sound pressure levels were higher than the acceptable level at El-Gedida mine and lower than that at the other two areas, and (b) the measured noise levels at the management building and the workshop area in El-Gedida mine were higher than the acceptable level for the administration areas. Therefore, control measures are required in these projects to keep the environment safe.

Noise Levels (NL) in mining and industrial plants were investigated at three mining and industrial plants, namely: Assiut Cement plant, Assiut Cement Quarry and El-Gedida mine, using SL-130 and Bruel & Kjaer, Type 1625 sound level meters at the selected points away from the sources. Numerical prediction models for noise level; ISO and VDI were applied. The differences between the measured values and the predicted ones using these models were compared in order to evaluate the accuracy of these models. The results of the field measurements at the three areas showed good agreement with the results of the noise prediction models. The results obtained indicated that; (a) the sound pressure levels were higher than the acceptable level at El-Gedida mine and lower than that at the other two areas, and (b) the measured noise levels at the management building and the workshop area in El-Gedida mine were higher than the acceptable level for the administration areas. Therefore, control measures are required in these projects to keep the environment safe.

Noise Levels (NL) in mining and industrial plants were investigated at three mining and industrial plants, namely: Assiut Cement plant, Assiut Cement Quarry and El-Gedida mine, using SL-130 and Bruel & Kjaer, Type 1625 sound level meters at the selected points away from the sources. Numerical prediction models for noise level; ISO and VDI were applied. The differences between the measured values and the predicted ones using these models were compared in order to evaluate the accuracy of these models. The results of the field measurements at the three areas showed good agreement with the results of the noise prediction models. The results obtained indicated that; (a) the sound pressure levels were higher than the acceptable level at El-Gedida mine and lower than that at the other two areas, and (b) the measured noise levels at the management building and the workshop area in El-Gedida mine were higher than the acceptable level for the administration areas. Therefore, control measures are required in these projects to keep the environment safe.

A study of an environmental assessment of dust fall and the associated heavy metal contents was conducted during the period from the first of March 2011 to the end of February 2012 at adjoining area of a phosphate fertilizer plant. Around the industrial area 8 dust fall stations were established and one of them was built upwind far from pollution activities to be taken as a control sample. Dust fall samples collected monthly weighed and then prepared to be analyzed through Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to obtain heavy metal concentration. Meteorological parameters influencing the distribution of dust fall such as wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, rain fall and pressure were determined. Results showed that deposition flow rates were 38.2. 47.5, 57.7, 44.3, 39.4, 38.2, 42.7 and 5.9 g/m2·month for the sites No., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 respectively, and were compared with the findings of other investigators of like industrial areas worldwide. Levels of heavy metal As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Hg in the deposited dust fall were 3.30, 26.46, 22.33, 235.00, 4.53 and 3.80 μg/g respectively. Enrichment coefficients of the heavy metals in the dust fall were found to be significant and reached the values 1.81, 0.90, 0.85, 0.65, 0.41 and 0.35 for zinc, lead, cadmium, copper, mercury and arsenic respectively. The paper ends with results and recommendations suggesting a methodology to remediate the investigated area polluted with heavy metals and control measures for the fertilizer plant to reduce pollution into the surrounding environment.