Summary: Contemporary Egyptian cities are in need to ensure sustainable development and to address urban, social, economic and environmental problems. Despite the great potential of smart cities to improve the economy, conditions of cities and population conditions, this potential has not been fully realized, the frameworks and models of the current smart cities are still not enough to make the smart city concept successful in the context of Egyptian case. This paper aims to provide an in-depth systematic framework for urban transformation towards smart sustainable city in the context of Egyptian case. This study relied on qualitative and critical analysis of a selective set of literature and previous studies. The architecture of proposed framework is based on the conceptual theoretical model of the phenomenon of smart urban transformation; Analysis of strategic planning methodology for urban development; as well as the context of the Egyptian cities with regard to the application of smart city concept. The proposed framework is a guiding reference tool for policy makers, academics, executives or decision makers, enabling them to develop an effective and realistic strategic plan to make city smart rather than adopting policies and strategies that may not be compatible with Local context. That ensures more chances of success, based on a realistic and modern theoretical model of smart urban transformation.

ABSTRACT At the next decade, an expected urban acceleration will occur in Egypt. The urban population will be increased by 34% more than 2006 ratio. Demographic pressures, rapid urbanization lead to more issues. While cities are growing rapidly in population, their development model is quite different from the Sustainable model. Egypt's 2030 vision for sustainable development has defined the future of Egyptian cities. The urban economy would be grown in more competitive and diversified manner. Therefore, an urban transformation should be taking place to induce the desired sustainable urban development. Our urban areas are in an urgent need for an advanced governance that is able to improve the socio-economical and environmental sustainability. At recent decades, policy-makers and academics, either in developed or developing countries, have focused on smart city concept. ICT addresses challenges and problems related to resource management, sustainable development, climate change, quality of life and improved performance of the city as a whole. This route will present the concept of the Smart City as a radical solution to many urban issues. Such concept is considered as a revolution in the design and management of urban areas. This paper developed guidelines to manage the urban transformation of Egyptian cities with the drive of Smart City concept to help decision-makers and city managers to prioritize and to develop strategies to achieve the smart and sustainable development of existing Egyptian cities. The study depended on the inductive approach to define the concept of smart sustainable city and related information and concepts. literature review as well as a case study analysis were the methodology to reveal success's factors of urban transformation towards smartness to achieve the desired sustainable urban development. To deduce most important opportunities and challenges as well as to conclude guidelines, the mental syllogistic reasoning approach was used. The study concluded that urban transition of Egyptian cities towards smartness is possible but its roadmap has many obstacles and challenges. The efforts of all decision makers, governors. academics and stakeholders have to be integrated to suggest and embrace our own initiative smart sustainable city as a prompt and costly-effective solution towards sustainability. This critical situation demand a self evolution and reconstructuring for municipalities - the key actor. municipalities have to launch smart applications and encourage the participation of all stakeholders, in developing goals, priorities, plans, policies, strategies and actions. Municipalities have to look for ingenious ideas to financ the smart city’s initiatives.

Research summery: Recently, Energy and environmental consideration are the most serious challenges face people. The acceleration of consumption rates, the depletion of resources and pollution resulting from human activities moved many world countries forward studying the environmental effect of all activities and project, which called ecological foot print calculator. These countries pursue raising lifestyle standard for their inhabitants altogether with achieving balance between its ecological foot print and biocapacity. In Egypt the ecological foot print exceeds the biocapacity, it was 1.98 (in global hectares) 2014, meanwhile the biocapacity was .47 (in global hectares), it is called national ecological deficit which has been increasing despite of deteriorated living standard, large group of people suffer from poverty, low income and shortage to meet their needs. Built environment is the most influential sector on the natural environment as it represents greatest part of the continuous building production to solve housing problem. In Egypt – Developing Country – there is no commitment of environmental criteria in spite of governmental speculations and laws. The government implementing varied and huge projects to face housing problem but it doesn’t consider the environment aspect which result in buildings causes burden to environment, drains it resources from the beginning of construction to demolishing, it also burdens to inhabitants cost them expenses of comfortable thermal atmosphere as well as fares of remote work, schools and services places. There for it has to consider these huge governmental projects to study its ecological foot print because it is the greatest part of the ecological foot print of the country. These projects neither inconvenient for inhabitants nor the developing country that faces many national issues which many governments attempt to solve but in vain. This research studies ecological foot print of these project trying to conclude planning criteria aiming to reduce ecological foot print of the existing as well as the upcoming projects through the following: Firstly; Theoretical study: It shed light on the most influential factors on ecological foot print of buildings in Egypt. Secondly; Practical study: It reviews ecological foot print analysis study of two Mubarak housing projects in Sohag governorate (Elmahamda el baharya village – Elkawthar), in order to end up planning criteria can be applied on study case to reduce the ecological foot print. Conclusion: The research concludes the most planning fundamentals to reduce ecological foot print of housing projects are: achieving full use of available natural resources in the area beside adopting compact planning patterns of buildings to get less distance between home and work, home and school

Research summery: Recently, Energy and environmental consideration are the most serious challenges face people. The acceleration of consumption rates, the depletion of resources and pollution resulting from human activities moved many world countries forward studying the environmental effect of all activities and project, which called ecological foot print calculator. These countries pursue raising lifestyle standard for their inhabitants altogether with achieving balance between its ecological foot print and biocapacity. In Egypt the ecological foot print exceeds the biocapacity, it was 1.98 (in global hectares) 2014, meanwhile the biocapacity was .47 (in global hectares), it is called national ecological deficit which has been increasing despite of deteriorated living standard, large group of people suffer from poverty, low income and shortage to meet their needs. Built environment is the most influential sector on the natural environment as it represents greatest part of the continuous building production to solve housing problem. In Egypt – Developing Country – there is no commitment of environmental criteria in spite of governmental speculations and laws. The government implementing varied and huge projects to face housing problem but it doesn’t consider the environment aspect which result in buildings causes burden to environment, drains it resources from the beginning of construction to demolishing, it also burdens to inhabitants cost them expenses of comfortable thermal atmosphere as well as fares of remote work, schools and services places. There for it has to consider these huge governmental projects to study its ecological foot print because it is the greatest part of the ecological foot print of the country. These projects neither inconvenient for inhabitants nor the developing country that faces many national issues which many governments attempt to solve but in vain. This research studies ecological foot print of these project trying to conclude planning criteria aiming to reduce ecological foot print of the existing as well as the upcoming projects through the following: Firstly; Theoretical study: It shed light on the most influential factors on ecological foot print of buildings in Egypt. Secondly; Practical study: It reviews ecological foot print analysis study of two Mubarak housing projects in Sohag governorate (Elmahamda el baharya village – Elkawthar), in order to end up planning criteria can be applied on study case to reduce the ecological foot print. Conclusion: The research concludes the most planning fundamentals to reduce ecological foot print of housing projects are: achieving full use of available natural resources in the area beside adopting compact planning patterns of buildings to get less distance between home and work, home and school

Abstract: Rural communities are the main mainstay of Egyptian society, as the main source of food in both urban and rural areas. It is inhabited by about 57% of the total population of Egypt according to the 2006 census, but the deterioration of the Egyptian village environment continues, as it suffers from physical, environmental and economic problems and social, due to the channelling of the bulk of development for generations, which has led to a significant difference between urban and rural livelihoods, which is the low indicators of sustainable development. The most important of these are increased poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, increased erosion of agricultural land and the inability of the village to do Its role in the Egyptian economy, which adversely affects future generations and threatens Egypt's national wealth from agricultural land. The state has made numerous efforts to develop the village as a Sunrise program. The Saharawi Village project, the most recent of which was the project to prepare the strategic plans for the sustainable development of the village, which had been in preparation for 10 years, had the village strategic plan succeeded in the sustainable development of the Egyptian village and, in particular, the cessation Random urban growth of the village on farmland? To answer the question, the research assesses the current situation of the villages Umm * in Assiut Centre, Assiut Governorate, through the review of development plans with strategic blueprints and implementation, and impediments to the implementation of the scheme.

Abstract: Rural communities are the main mainstay of Egyptian society, as the main source of food in both urban and rural areas. It is inhabited by about 57% of the total population of Egypt according to the 2006 census, but the deterioration of the Egyptian village environment continues, as it suffers from physical, environmental and economic problems and social, due to the channelling of the bulk of development for generations, which has led to a significant difference between urban and rural livelihoods, which is the low indicators of sustainable development. The most important of these are increased poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, increased erosion of agricultural land and the inability of the village to do Its role in the Egyptian economy, which adversely affects future generations and threatens Egypt's national wealth from agricultural land. The state has made numerous efforts to develop the village as a Sunrise program. The Saharawi Village project, the most recent of which was the project to prepare the strategic plans for the sustainable development of the village, which had been in preparation for 10 years, had the village strategic plan succeeded in the sustainable development of the Egyptian village and, in particular, the cessation Random urban growth of the village on farmland? To answer the question, the research assesses the current situation of the villages Umm * in Assiut Centre, Assiut Governorate, through the review of development plans with strategic blueprints and implementation, and impediments to the implementation of the scheme.

Abstract: Sustainability is a compound matter, which have three aspects: the socio - cultural factors, the environmental and the economic sustainability. These aspects are often neglected, especially when referring to urban development of Egyptian cities that embrace involved built cultural heritage within their urban fabric. Cultural heritage is mainly regarded as archaeological heritage. Although Since few years, the cultural heritage management has started to move towards new trend that link between conservation and sustainable development. Strategic plans have been prepared for all Egyptian cities, including cities of historical value. Historical cities have no special tool to ensure that the built heritage secure sustainable development, due to the deficiency of the management tools, urban development and built cultural heritage have often been cited as incompatible forces in urban management. For this reason, this paper intends to introduce a modified tool for the strategic planning of Egyptian historic cities. This tool helps to: reflect conservation and sustainable development relationship; perceive the built heritage as no longer hindrance to modernization and economic growth; and consider historical values as power for development. Moreover, the positive effect of cultural heritage in sustainable development is strongly recommended to be considered as the main achievement during the phase of planning. The overarching questions were as following: do strategic planning goals and criteria support the concretization of cultural values? What are the experiences in cultural heritage management Plans? How can built cultural heritage be linked with urban and environmental sustainable development? And what are the potential cooperative interactions between heritage preservation and sustainable development?

ABSTRACT There is an increased interest to understand and evaluate travel patterns and behaviors, as an attempt to understand travel choices and to identify priorities for interventions. Factors affecting travel choices and behavior were divided into two main groups: non-urban factors and urban factors. This study examined the effect of some various land-use factors on the behavior of the inhabitants of Assiut city-Egypt and measured the preferences of users for special and alternative modes of mechanical mobility in an attempt to determine the required and urgent development priorities to improve transportation services and change travel behaviors toward sustainability. The study was based on an analytical descriptive method. The database was derived from a field study of Assiut city during the period (January 2017 to March 2017). The data were collected through: urban survey of the urban environment supporting the mobility style and behavior of the respondents, in different neighborhoods in Assiut city. During the same period, the researchers distributed a questionnaire at work centers, educational services and some commercial services sites in Assiut. The relative weights for factors limiting the use of alternative means by individuals as well as factors encouraging individuals to use alternative means of transport were determined. The study concluded that mixed land use alone is not enough to reduce mobility and to encourage individuals to move without using mechanical or motorized ways. It should be accompanied with a balanced diversity distribution of services with access by multiple means of transport. In addition, the use of mixed and diverse land use and the shortness of travel distance has a stronger impact on the quality and efficiency of pedestrian corridors and their transit areas on increasing pedestrian mobility, while the quality and efficiency of the cycling infrastructure has been found to be more effective than the limited mobility of bicycles. People's behavior and choices are affected primarily by the quality and efficiency of transport services provided, rather than by mobility costs, and the need to combine pricing policies with urban and planning procedures to change mobility behaviors and to lead to more sustainable behaviors. The paper concluded with a set of recommendations on sustainable mobility and land use in an integrated framework.

ABSTRACT There is an increased interest to understand and evaluate travel patterns and behaviors, as an attempt to understand travel choices and to identify priorities for interventions. Factors affecting travel choices and behavior were divided into two main groups: non-urban factors and urban factors. This study examined the effect of some various land-use factors on the behavior of the inhabitants of Assiut city-Egypt and measured the preferences of users for special and alternative modes of mechanical mobility in an attempt to determine the required and urgent development priorities to improve transportation services and change travel behaviors toward sustainability. The study was based on an analytical descriptive method. The database was derived from a field study of Assiut city during the period (January 2017 to March 2017). The data were collected through: urban survey of the urban environment supporting the mobility style and behavior of the respondents, in different neighborhoods in Assiut city. During the same period, the researchers distributed a questionnaire at work centers, educational services and some commercial services sites in Assiut. The relative weights for factors limiting the use of alternative means by individuals as well as factors encouraging individuals to use alternative means of transport were determined. The study concluded that mixed land use alone is not enough to reduce mobility and to encourage individuals to move without using mechanical or motorized ways. It should be accompanied with a balanced diversity distribution of services with access by multiple means of transport. In addition, the use of mixed and diverse land use and the shortness of travel distance has a stronger impact on the quality and efficiency of pedestrian corridors and their transit areas on increasing pedestrian mobility, while the quality and efficiency of the cycling infrastructure has been found to be more effective than the limited mobility of bicycles. People's behavior and choices are affected primarily by the quality and efficiency of transport services provided, rather than by mobility costs, and the need to combine pricing policies with urban and planning procedures to change mobility behaviors and to lead to more sustainable behaviors. The paper concluded with a set of recommendations on sustainable mobility and land use in an integrated framework.

ABSTRACT There is an increased interest to understand and evaluate travel patterns and behaviors, as an attempt to understand travel choices and to identify priorities for interventions. Factors affecting travel choices and behavior were divided into two main groups: non-urban factors and urban factors. This study examined the effect of some various land-use factors on the behavior of the inhabitants of Assiut city-Egypt and measured the preferences of users for special and alternative modes of mechanical mobility in an attempt to determine the required and urgent development priorities to improve transportation services and change travel behaviors toward sustainability. The study was based on an analytical descriptive method. The database was derived from a field study of Assiut city during the period (January 2017 to March 2017). The data were collected through: urban survey of the urban environment supporting the mobility style and behavior of the respondents, in different neighborhoods in Assiut city. During the same period, the researchers distributed a questionnaire at work centers, educational services and some commercial services sites in Assiut. The relative weights for factors limiting the use of alternative means by individuals as well as factors encouraging individuals to use alternative means of transport were determined. The study concluded that mixed land use alone is not enough to reduce mobility and to encourage individuals to move without using mechanical or motorized ways. It should be accompanied with a balanced diversity distribution of services with access by multiple means of transport. In addition, the use of mixed and diverse land use and the shortness of travel distance has a stronger impact on the quality and efficiency of pedestrian corridors and their transit areas on increasing pedestrian mobility, while the quality and efficiency of the cycling infrastructure has been found to be more effective than the limited mobility of bicycles. People's behavior and choices are affected primarily by the quality and efficiency of transport services provided, rather than by mobility costs, and the need to combine pricing policies with urban and planning procedures to change mobility behaviors and to lead to more sustainable behaviors. The paper concluded with a set of recommendations on sustainable mobility and land use in an integrated framework.