Research Summary "Zu EL Qarnain" The journey and personal The importance of the study is to clarify some historical facts such as the identification of the character of "Zu EL Qarnain", And to Identify the ultimate west and east of the sun, and the reasons for the presence of Nations "Yagog and Magog" in the far north-east of the earth, And the location of the dam Which established by "Zu EL Qarnain". The method used in the study is a critical analytical approach to the historical events related to the subject of the study in order to reach the desired historical truth. The difficulties of the study are that they occur in distant periods of time; this has resulted in a lack of historical information pertaining to those time periods, as well as the conflicting information of some scientists, historians on the identification of the character of "Zu EL Qarnain" and his news, such as the identification of the region reached in the Far of west, And the nations he found there. The study is divided into an introduction, a preface, and two main sections. In the preface I discussed the connection between the story of "Zu EL Qarnain" and Islamic history, especially the period of the Prophet's mission. The first part of the study was titled "The Journey of Zu EL Qarnain", It touched on the news of "Zu EL Qarnain" trips in the Far west and East, and the associated events. The second part of the study entitled "Personality of Zu EL Qarnain", dealt with the criticism and analysis of the views of many historians in the person of " Zu EL Qarnain" whether a king or a prophet or One of the great rulers.

Research Summary Minister of "Ghayath al-Din Muhammad" and his cultural role in the Ilkhans state (727ـ 736 A.H/ 1326ـ 1335 A.D) The importance of this study in the definition of one of the important political figures, and highlight the cultural role in the State of Ilkhans, and the impact of this role to improve the cultural conditions in the country. The method used in the study is the critical analytical approach, comparing the information in the Arabic, Persian and European literature to reach the desired historical facts. It is worth noting that there is no specific study on the minister "Ghayath al-Din Muhammad" and his cultural role in the Ilkhans state. However there is some information scattered about the different sources of his life and his work, as mentioned in the book "The effects of the ministers" of "oqali", and wrote "Constitution of Ministers", and "the History of Habib el syar" of "Khwandemir", and "the history of Gzidah" of "Qazweny", and "garden of the Safa" of "Mirkhund", and other Persian sources that dated the history of the Mongols in general. Which is repeated in Arab sources, and various European works as well. ج The study has been divided into four main areas; Where I dealt in the first axis of them: "The definition of the family of Ghayath al-Din Muhammad", while I dealt in the second axis "the Ministry of Ghayath al-Din Muhammad I", While highlighted in the third axis: "the Ministry of Ghayath al-Din Muhammad II", While I dealt with the fourth topic: "the cultural role of Minister Ghayath al-Din Muhammad", and the end of the research concluded with the results of the study.

Research Summary The Historical and Civilizational Mistakes in the school courses For the Second Preparatory and The second secondary grades The importance of this study lies in correcting some historical and civilizational Mistakes in the Islamic era. This is of course beneficial to all generations, especially those arising from them, which is reflected in the preparation of nations and their advancement in all walks of life. The method used in the study is the critical approach, the analytical method of The historical events, the systems and the cultural manifestations, with the inference of some evidence and proofs to support the information contained in the study. The problem of the study is reflected in two aspects: First, correcting some of the historical and cultural Mistakes in the curricula of the Second Preparatory and The second secondary grades. The second aspect is the possibility of convincing the reader of the corrected information or not. The study is divided into two main sections, The first part was entitled: "The Historical and Civilizational Mistakes contained in the Second Preparatory Grade Course", while the title of the section Second: "The Historical and Civilizational Mistakes contained in the second secondary grade course", and the study concluded with a conclusion included the results reached, in addition to a list of sources and references relied upon.

Search Summary The impact of religious beliefs on the evolution of political situations In the Ilkhans State, the era of "Olgauto" (703ـ 716 A.H/1303ـ 1316 A.D) The study highlights the influence of religious faiths on the evolution of the political status of nations, which governs the political nature of the state, which may entail either civilizational and then politically, or the eruption of unrest and social and political differences that result in divisive and chaos in society. As for the problem of study, it is to determine the influence of different religious faiths, whether they are pagan, Judaism, Christianity or Islam, on the political situation In the Ilkhans State, the era of "Olgauto". On the approach of the study, I have used the critical analytical approach, which is based on capturing the historical narratives of the subject of the study through the use of different sources, whether Arabic or Persian, in addition to the European writings that referred to the subject of the study, in an attempt to reach the desired historical truth. The study was divided into introduction, preface and Four main elements; it dealt with the preface: The Genesis of "Olgauto", his life just before he came to power, his ascension to the throne, a summary of his inner and foreign actions, and his death, the first section entitled: "The Pagan Effect of the evolution of the political situation In the Ilkhans State, the era of Olgauto", while the second section: "The Impact of Judaism on the evolution of the political situation In the Ilkhans State, the era of Olgauto", and the third section: "The Impact of Christianity on the evolution of the political situation In the Ilkhans State, the era of Olgauto", while the fourth section is entitled: "Islam and its effect on the evolution of the political situation In the Ilkhans State, the era of Olgauto", and the study was appended to the conclusion of the results obtained, as well as an illustrative map, an annex on the subject of the study, and a list of sources and references.

Research Summary The social councils of the Mongols of Al qabchak during the century (Eighth Hijri / fourteenth A.D) In light of the novels of "Ibn Batuta" The study sheds light on one of the social characteristics of Mongols of al qabchak, which is represented in their social councils in the light of the novels of the traveler "Ibn Batuta" as he passes through the areas of their influence. The study is conducted in all the details related to the councils of Mongols of al qabchak, and the external body of these councils, In addition to the internal manifestations as traditions, attendance, food and drinks on the other hand, whether in the upper, middle or lower classes. In this study, I used the analytical approach in the transfer of "Ibn Batuta's" novels about the social councils of Mongols of al qabchak in a literal manner. The analytic approach, the descriptive approach, and the critical approach were used to analyze, describe and critique "Ibn Batuta's" novels on the subject of the study. As for the problem of the study, it is possible to highlight the reasons for the convening of these types of councils, whether for political reasons or for cultural reasons or both? The study was divided into an introduction, a preface, and five main sections. In a preface I dealt with the definition of "Ibn Batuta" and then touched on his journey and its political, economic, social and cultural importance. Then I dealt with the first part of the study: "The definition of Mongols of al qabchak". The second section dealt with the "Social Councils of Uzbeg Khan", while the third section entitled "social Councils of the khatons". The fourth section was entitled "social councils of the Princes", The fifth section dealt with "the oratory's social councils". The study concluded with a conclusion that included the results obtained, an explanatory map of the locality of Mongols of al qabchak, and an appendix to the rulers of Mongols of al qabchak, Finally proven sources and references.

Research Summary The social councils of the Mongols of Al qabchak during the century (Eighth Hijri / fourteenth A.D) In light of the novels of "Ibn Batuta" The study sheds light on one of the social characteristics of Mongols of al qabchak, which is represented in their social councils in the light of the novels of the traveler "Ibn Batuta" as he passes through the areas of their influence. The study is conducted in all the details related to the councils of Mongols of al qabchak, and the external body of these councils, In addition to the internal manifestations as traditions, attendance, food and drinks on the other hand, whether in the upper, middle or lower classes. In this study, I used the analytical approach in the transfer of "Ibn Batuta's" novels about the social councils of Mongols of al qabchak in a literal manner. The analytic approach, the descriptive approach, and the critical approach were used to analyze, describe and critique "Ibn Batuta's" novels on the subject of the study. As for the problem of the study, it is possible to highlight the reasons for the convening of these types of councils, whether for political reasons or for cultural reasons or both? The study was divided into an introduction, a preface, and five main sections. In a preface I dealt with the definition of "Ibn Batuta" and then touched on his journey and its political, economic, social and cultural importance. Then I dealt with the first part of the study: "The definition of Mongols of al qabchak". The second section dealt with the "Social Councils of Uzbeg Khan", while the third section entitled "social Councils of the khatons". The fourth section was entitled "social councils of the Princes", The fifth section dealt with "the oratory's social councils". The study concluded with a conclusion that included the results obtained, an explanatory map of the locality of Mongols of al qabchak, and an appendix to the rulers of Mongols of al qabchak, Finally proven sources and references.

يروم هذا البحثُ بناءَ تصورٍ معرفيّ تفاعلي للاستعارة في قصيدة الطلاسم لإيليا أبي ماضي عبر الوقوفِ على كيفية اشتغالها في القصيدة تفاعليًا، وكيف تكون رافدًا تأشيريًا من روافد المعرفة يُوظفها الشاعرُ لأغراض معرفية من خلال تقصي النشاط الفكري، والذهني لطرفي العمليات الاستعارية في القصيدة بعيدًا عن التصورات المصمتة للقوالب الاستعارية المعيارية أو اللغوية الاستبدالية وسعيًا نحو إنجاز أنماط مرنة تفتح الآفاقَ لقراءة فاعلة تحاول ربط العملية الإبداعية بالمتلقي وفق إحالات معرفية أو ظواهر فلسفية، أو اجتماعية، أو نفسية... بما يؤدي إلى تشاكل النص، وانسجامه.

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