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Seminal roots establish the basis of the shallow and deep root systems which play a fundamental role in plant development and adaptation. In the present study, we utilized an advanced backcross double haploid population of a cross between spring cultivar Scarlett (recurrent) and wild barley ISR42-8 (donor) to evaluate seminal root variation along with major grain traits. The phenotypic data of root and grain traits was subjected to QTL analysis using a genetic map based on 371 markers. This analysis identified 21 QTL for root angle (9) and grain traits (12) covering the whole genome. Among these, at 9 QTL, the preeminence of exotic alleles from ISR42-8 showed favorable increase in traits values. The strongest QTL was detected at marker locus bPb-8558 (7.52 cM) on chromosome 7H where the introgression of an exotic allele resulted in 31.6% increase in root angle and around 47% roots showed angle greater than 45°. Most QTL for root angle and grain traits were localized on different chromosomes showing their independent genetic inheritance except on 7H which was common for root angle and grain width. The favorable exotic alleles detected here, provide an opportunity to alter root architecture of modern varieties.

Seminal roots establish the basis of the shallow and deep root systems which play a fundamental role in plant development and adaptation. In the present study, we utilized an advanced backcross double haploid population of a cross between spring cultivar Scarlett (recurrent) and wild barley ISR42-8 (donor) to evaluate seminal root variation along with major grain traits. The phenotypic data of root and grain traits was subjected to QTL analysis using a genetic map based on 371 markers. This analysis identified 21 QTL for root angle (9) and grain traits (12) covering the whole genome. Among these, at 9 QTL, the preeminence of exotic alleles from ISR42-8 showed favorable increase in traits values. The strongest QTL was detected at marker locus bPb-8558 (7.52 cM) on chromosome 7H where the introgression of an exotic allele resulted in 31.6% increase in root angle and around 47% roots showed angle greater than 45°. Most QTL for root angle and grain traits were localized on different chromosomes showing their independent genetic inheritance except on 7H which was common for root angle and grain width. The favorable exotic alleles detected here, provide an opportunity to alter root architecture of modern varieties.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe immune system complications. Camel whey protein (CWP) decreases free radicals (ROS) and modulates immune functions, but its effect on DM-impaired immune systems has not been studied. We investigated the impact of CWP on the immune system in a Type 1 diabetes mouse model. Methods: Three experimental groups were used: (1) non-diabetic control; (2) diabetic; and (3) CWPtreated diabetic mice. Results: Induction of diabetes by streptozotocin was associated with reduction of body weight and insulin level, increase in glucose level and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and reduction in IL-2 and IL-4 levels. Upregulated ATF-3 expression was followed by a marked elevation in ROS levels. Lymphocytes from diabetic mice exhibited increased apoptosis through decreased phosphorylation of AKT and I

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe immune system complications. Camel whey protein (CWP) decreases free radicals (ROS) and modulates immune functions, but its effect on DM-impaired immune systems has not been studied. We investigated the impact of CWP on the immune system in a Type 1 diabetes mouse model. Methods: Three experimental groups were used: (1) non-diabetic control; (2) diabetic; and (3) CWPtreated diabetic mice. Results: Induction of diabetes by streptozotocin was associated with reduction of body weight and insulin level, increase in glucose level and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and reduction in IL-2 and IL-4 levels. Upregulated ATF-3 expression was followed by a marked elevation in ROS levels. Lymphocytes from diabetic mice exhibited increased apoptosis through decreased phosphorylation of AKT and I

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe immune system complications. Camel whey protein (CWP) decreases free radicals (ROS) and modulates immune functions, but its effect on DM-impaired immune systems has not been studied. We investigated the impact of CWP on the immune system in a Type 1 diabetes mouse model. Methods: Three experimental groups were used: (1) non-diabetic control; (2) diabetic; and (3) CWPtreated diabetic mice. Results: Induction of diabetes by streptozotocin was associated with reduction of body weight and insulin level, increase in glucose level and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and reduction in IL-2 and IL-4 levels. Upregulated ATF-3 expression was followed by a marked elevation in ROS levels. Lymphocytes from diabetic mice exhibited increased apoptosis through decreased phosphorylation of AKT and I

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe immune system complications. Camel whey protein (CWP) decreases free radicals (ROS) and modulates immune functions, but its effect on DM-impaired immune systems has not been studied. We investigated the impact of CWP on the immune system in a Type 1 diabetes mouse model. Methods: Three experimental groups were used: (1) non-diabetic control; (2) diabetic; and (3) CWPtreated diabetic mice. Results: Induction of diabetes by streptozotocin was associated with reduction of body weight and insulin level, increase in glucose level and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and reduction in IL-2 and IL-4 levels. Upregulated ATF-3 expression was followed by a marked elevation in ROS levels. Lymphocytes from diabetic mice exhibited increased apoptosis through decreased phosphorylation of AKT and I