Tick infestation remains one of the major health problems that affect the productivity and comfort of camels. The control of ticks mainly relies on using chemical acaracides. Limited information is available on the potential benefits and activity of various neem extracts on Hyalomma ticks. The present study investigated the acaricidal activity of neem seed extracts at different concentrations against developmental stages of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii in comparison to Butox and diazinon. The acaricidal activity of three extracts, namely, hexane extract (HE), methyl chloride extract (MCE), and methanol extract (ME), of neem seeds (Azadirachta indica) were tested at varying concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20% on engorged H. dromedarii female ticks at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, 16, 20, 28, 37, and 43 after treatment (DPT). Interestingly, results of applying different neem seed extracts to engorged H. dromedarii female ticks showed that the most effective extract was hexane at concentration 20%, causing 100% mortality at 1st day post-application, while methanol extract at 20% and dichloromethane extract at 20% caused the death of all ticks at 28th day posttreatment as compared to Butox^® 5.0 and Diazinon-60, which resulted in mortality of all ticks at 3 and 5 DPT, respectively. In addition, no mortality was reported with the application of aqueous extract (AE), which served as the control group. Furthermore, the neem hexane extract exhibited high efficacy against reproductive performance of female ticks, whereas no fertility or oviposition was reported at all of their concentrations. Additionally, no hatchability occurred using all neem extracts, except the aqueous extract, which showing no effect. In the present study, larvae responded more rapidly to the plant extracts, whereas mortality of all larvae was recorded at 24 h after treatment with 5% hexane. Taken together, this study pointed out that the acaricidal effect of hexane extract of neem seeds was more effective and could be economically used for controlling H. dromedarii ticks.

Cisplatin (CP) is one of the most widely used and most effective cytotoxic
drugs in the treatment of different epithelial tumors but it has several side
effects. Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in CP-induced toxicity
and Glutathione (GSH) depletion is an important mechanism of CP toxicity.
This experiment was carried out to study the possible protective effect of
Copper (I)-nicotinate complex (CNC), the strong antioxidant as it has
superoxide dismutase-mimetic activity against the side effects of CP on
experimental rat models. For this purpose, forty male albino rats were divided
into four groups: Control-ve group, CNC group, CP group and CP&CNC group.
At the end of experiment, the whole rats were sacrificed and serum samples for
kidney function and kidney tissue samples for light and transmission electron
microscopies.
The results showed that, Cisplatin induced adverse effects on blood picture,
kidney function and renal tissue in CP group, but CP & CNC group showed a
marked decrease of these changes observed in CP group.
In conclusion, CNC seems to have a protective role against CP induced
toxicities.

Although different products have been developed to prevent post-surgical adhesion, their efficacy remains un-
satisfactory. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the gelatin sponge in the prevention of post-surgical

intra-abdominal adhesions in a rat model. Rats were randomly divided into sham, adhesion, and gelatin

groups. All rats, except the sham group, underwent cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model. After cel-
iotomy, a sterile gelatin sponge was applied intra-abdominal on the abraded cecum in the gelatin group. Rats

were sacrificed on day 14 post-surgery and intra-abdominal adhesions were evaluated and scored. Adhesion

tissues were evaluated by histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analysis. Intra-abdominal ad-
hesions were recorded in all rats of the adhesion group. Intra-abdominal application of gelatin sponge signifi-
cantly (P < 0.001) reduced intra-abdominal adhesions by 91% in the gelatin group relative to the adhesion

group. The histological analysis revealed a marked decrease (P < 0.001) in the inflammatory score and neo-
vascularization in the gelatin group. The histochemical analysis found that gelatin sponge administration

reduced adhesion formation and thickness of adhesion tissue. Moreover, gelatin sponge significantly (P <
0.0001) increased MMP-9 expression and decreased macrophage marker expression in adhesive tissue. This study
revealed that the application of gelatin sponge markedly reduced the post-surgical intra-abdominal adhesions
and suggests new guidance for using gelatin sponge as an anti-adhesive substance in clinical practice.

Background: All concentrates given to camels were enriched in selenium (Se) in selenite form. The impacts of Se supplementation on lactating female health, milk, and Se/antioxidant statuses received no research interest. Aim: The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of long-term prepartum injection of Se-vitamin E combination and multivitamins on maternal post-calving clinical findings, serum steroid hormones, milk antioxidants, milk somatic cell count (SCC) status, calf body weight, placental weight (PW), and vaginal wash isolates. Methods: From three equal groups of postpartum she-camels (n = 45), one group received no treatment and served as control group (Cont.; n = 15). For 3 months prepartum, one group had received a combination of vitamin E (ά-tocopherol) and Se (VitE-Se-; n = 15), and the third one received multivitamins (Multi-; n = 15). All dams were subjected to clinical and laboratory assays including milk total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Se, vitamin E, and milk SCC on Days 14, 21, and 28 post-calving. Steroid hormones and calf and PW were estimated at birth (Day 0). Results: The study reported higher efficacy of Se-vitamin E combination comparing with that of multivitamins as a long-term prepartum injection in recently calved she-camels that was reflected through significant changes in steroids hormones (Drop), i.e., progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2), the milk antioxidant biomarkers (Elevation), i.e., TAC, Se, vitamin E, and milk SCCs (Reduction). Both two therapeutic regimens had a more powerful effect that the control one. Conclusion: The applied therapeutic supplements had no significant effect on clinical and hematological changes as well as calves’ body weights and PWs. Body weights were significantly higher in male camel calves than those of female calves either in Cont., VitE-Se-, or Multi-.

Cannibalism has become a serious problem in the poultry industry especially in ducks. Understanding
and controlling cannibalism is a crucial to duck production and welfare. Cannibalism causes detrimental effects on
welfare, physiology, and immunology resulting in abnormalities and impaired production performance of ducks.
Furthermore, the negative impact of cannibalism on ducks welfare has recently attracted increasing public
awareness and concern. Much information has been published on the effects of cannibalism on production
performance and physiological responses in ducks. In contrast, our knowledge of basic mechanisms associated to
the reported effects, as well as related to duck welfare exposed to cannibalism is in fact scarce. Several managerial
strategies have been conducted to counteract the deleterious effects of cannibalism in poultry, including bill
trimming. Bill trimming is used as a method of reducing the damage to feathers and skin caused by injurious
pecking in ducks. However, bill trimming also causes some welfare issues as trimming the beak results in pain and
sensory loss. This review presents the deleterious effects of beak trimming on beak morphology and structure,
physiological conditions, and production performance of ducks.