Background and Aim: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has great potential as a growth promoter and immunostimulant in ruminant nutrition. This study assessed the impact of ginger powder supplementation on Ossimi rams’ rumen fermentation, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant levels. Materials and Methods: Fifteen Ossimi rams, aged 10 ± 1.3 months and weighing 30 ± 1.5 kg. Rams were randomly divided into three experimental groups: The control group (G1) received standard feed, while ginger powder (5 g and 7 g/kg body weight [BW] for G2 and G3, respectively) mixed in water was administered to groups G2 and G3 before their standard feed. Results: The control group recorded higher dry matter (DM) intake values (p < 0.05) than the ginger-treated groups. The ginger-treated groups showed superiority (p < 0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion compared to the control group. The digestion coefficients of DM, crude protein, and crude fiber were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by a high dose (7 g/Kg BW) of ginger supplementation, whereas organic matter, ether extract, and nitrogen-free extract digestibility remained unchanged. Compared to the control group, the rams given 5 g of ginger had significantly less (p < 0.05) total protein and globulin in their serum, but the rams given 7 g of ginger had significantly more (p < 0.05) of these proteins. In the ginger groups, these levels were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than those in the control group for serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Rams given ginger had significant growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, total superoxide dismutase, GSH-Px, TAC, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, and IgG enhancement (p < 0.01), and a decrease (p < 0.01) in malondialdehyde concentration compared to the control group. Significant increases in total short-chain volatile fatty acids, acetic, propionic, and isovaleric acids (p < 0.05), and significant decreases in NH3N and protozoa (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Ginger powder (5 g and 7 g) can improve growth, immune responses, antioxidant status, and ruminal parameters in rams. Further study is needed to evaluate the effect of ginger on different types of animals (cow, buffalo, and goat) to develop new feed additives

The present study was conducted to assess the quality of imported frozen liver sold in Assiut markets, Egypt. A total of 100 samples were randomly collected over a 2 months period (January to March, 2020) from poultry slaughter shops, supermarkets and frozen meat markets. The liver samples were evaluated for chemical indicators of spoilage (pH, TVBN "Total Volatile base nitrogen", and TBA "Thiobarbituric acid") and some of the nutritional aspects (percentage of moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrates, as well as, gross energy (Kcal/100g) and cholesterol content (mg/100g), beside levels of iron (mg/100g). The obtained mean values of pH, TVBN (mg/100 g) and TBA (mg/kg) of the examined samples were 6.38 ± 0.01, 25.76 ± 0.44, and 0.65 ± 0.03, respectively. Of the examined samples, 92 % showed pH value exceeded the permissible limits of Egyptian standards; however, 88 % showed TVBN content within the set limit. The mean values of moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates (%) were 70.54 ± 0.11, 21.64 ± 0.08, 3.58± 0.12, 1.50 ± 0.018, and 2.74 ± 0.11, respectively. The calculated gross energy mean value was of 133.09 ± 1.06 Kcal/100 g. Additionally, the cholesterol and iron content mean values were 130.85 ± 2.17 mg/100 g and 16.07 ± 0.24 mg/100 g, respectively in the examined imported frozen liver samples. In conclusion, imported frozen liver sold in markets of Assiut city Egypt is of fair quality; it should be consumed sporadically and with care of TBARS, cholesterol and iron potential hazards.
 

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil (LEO) and concentrations (1 and 1.5 %) of its nanoemulsion (LGNE) were included in beef burger formula to investigate their effect on shelf life, microbial, chemical indices, and technological properties. The product was frozen at -18±3ºC and examined at intervals (0, 48hrs, 4 weeks, then at a month interval for up to 4 months). GC analysis of LEO revealed that citric acid, verbenol, β-pinene, á-Myrcene and ethyl acetate formulate preponderance of the oil. FTIR, PDI, TEM and cytotoxicity were used for nanoemulsion characterization. The sensory attributes study disclosed that the raw oil drastically impacted the sensory criteria “colour and odour”; though samples with LGNE showed better acceptability. Samples with LEO showed the lowest TBC (P<0.05). Both LEO and LGNE showed great antibacterial effect against TCC. TYMC exhibited a numeral decrease in the count (P>0.05) except for the second month of storage (P<0.05). LGNE showed significant antioxidant efficacy nevertheless LEO samples showed higher TBARs values. TVBN was significant lower in LGNE samples especially in the last 2 months of storage. LGNE controlled the increase in samples pH compared to the control (P<0.05). WHC and cooking yield % showed improvement in the treatment’s samples. As well, diameter loss showed numeral decrease in treatments (P>0.05). In conclusion, LGNE generally improves the sensory and cooking properties of burger, over the LGO or the control samples.

Ticks, particularly Rhipicephalus annulatus, pose significant threats to livestock, causing economic losses and
transmitting various infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the potential acaricidal properties of garlic
oil and its nanoemulsion against ticks infesting cattle, Rhipicephalus annulatus through the evaluation of mortality
rate and morphological changes of the treated ticks. The study also included prevalence, risk factors, and molecular
confirmation of tick species. Genetic characterization confirmed the identity of R. annulatus. Our results
revealed a high prevalence of R. annulatus (46.9%) with a higher risk in male cattle (50%) than females (44.9%)
and a nonsignificant high infection (49.1%) in animals ≤ 1 year old. The acaricidal efficiency of garlic oil and its
nanoemulsion was concentration and time-dependent. The high concentration of garlic oil (20 mg/L) induced
complete mortality within 48 hours. The nanoemulsion formulation enhanced efficacy, particularly at 5 mg/L,
which exhibited rapid and substantial acaricidal activity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological
alterations induced by garlic oil and its nanoemulsion, including changes to the anterior capitulum, dorsal, and
ventral cuticles. The study contributes to the exploration of effective, safe, and eco-friendly alternatives for tick
control. Further research is warranted to validate their efficacy under diverse conditions and assess practical
strategies.

Trichinellosis is a foodborne zoonotic disease caused by T. spiralis affecting human and animals.
Treatment with commercially available drugs has not been satisfactory due to rapid development
of drug-resistant particularly against encapsulated larvae. There is an increasing
need to discover alternative anthelminthics agents from medicinal plants. The present study
evaluated the in vitro antiparasitic activities of myrrh crude extract and myrrh volatile oil on T.
spiralis larvae compared to albendazole to estimate their sublethal concentrations on the infectivity
of T. spiralis larvae in mice. The in vitro effect of these agents was evaluated by assessing
mortality rate and by a scanning electron microscopic analysis of ultrastructural changes in
the cuticle of the larvae. The surface changes induced by crude myrrh extract and albendazole
were more severe than those observed after exposure to myrrh volatile oil. All responses to the
substances were time dose-dependent and highly significantly different from the control group
(p<0.001). 100% mortality rate of larvae occurred on the 4th day at 3, 5, &7mg/ml of myrrh crude
extract, on the 7th day with volatile oil while total larval death occurred on the 1st day of exposure
in to 5, 10, 15 & 20μg/ml of albendazole. In vitro exposure to sublethal dose of albendazole,
crude myrrh extract and volatile oil extract resulted in infectivity reduction by 100%, 98%
& 88% respectively in intestinal phase and 100%, 98% &59% respectively in muscular phase.
Keywords: In vitro, Trichinella spiralis, Albendazole, Myrrh crude, Myrrh volatile oil