The bulbus arteriosus of goldfish, Carassius auratus, possesses unique structural features. The wall of the bulbus arteriosus is exceptionally thick, with an inner surface characterized by longitudinally arranged finger-like ridges, resulting in an uneven luminal appearance. These ridges are covered by endocardium and encased in an amorphous extracellular matrix. The inner surface of the bulbus arteriosus also contains rodlet cells at different developmental stages, often clustered beneath the endothelium lining the bulbar lumen. Ruptured rodlet cells release their contents via a holocrine secretion process. The high abundance of rodlet cells in the bulbus arteriosus suggests that this is the site of origin for these cells. Within the middle layer of the bulbus arteriosus, smooth muscle cells, branched telocytes (TCs), and collagen bundles coexist. TCs and their telopodes form complex connections within a dense collagen matrix, extending to rodlet cells and macrophages. Moreover, the endothelium makes direct contact with telopodes. The endocardial cells within the bulbus arteriosus display irregular, stellate shapes and numerous cell processes that establish direct contact with TCs. TEM reveals that they contain moderately dense bodies and membrane-bound vacuoles, suggesting a secretory activity. TCs exhibit robust secretory activity, evident from their telopodes containing numerous secretory vesicles. Furthermore, TCs release excretory vesicles containing bioactive molecules into the extracellular matrix, which strengthens evidence for telocytes as promising candidates for cellular therapies and regeneration in various heart pathologies.

Fish's skin serves a variety of functions that are essential for survival, including communication, respiration, sensory perception, excretion, ion regulation, and heat regulation. This research aimed to examine the snout skin of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) to determine its structural characteristics. Using light microscopy, the histochemical elements of the skin were examined in a total of 20 adult, healthy koi fish. The skin of was made up of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis consisted of epidermal cells, club cells, mucous goblet cells, rodlet cells, eosinophilic granular cells, serous goblet cells, and melanocytes. large amounts mucous of cells which reacted positive to Alcian blue (AB) and Periodic Acid–Schiff (PAS), few club cells which reacted positive to bromophenol blue and light green. many eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs) reacted positive to PAS and light green. Moreover, many taste …

The aim of this study was to detect illegal adulteration of beef meat products with meat from other species. Samples (n= 120) of industrial and handmade beef products were randomly collected from retail outlets in Assiut city, Egypt: raw beef burger, oriental beef sausage, beef kofta, and beef luncheon (30 samples each). Samples were analysed using agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and modified AGID (MAGID) assays. Results showed that 17.5% of examined products were adulterated with chicken meat. MAGID detected that 14.1% of samples were adulterated with donkey meat, whereas all AGID results were negative. Human tissue was detected in 8.3%(AGID) and 10%(MAGID) of examined samples. Histological examination was then used to detect foreign tissue, and all categories of products were found to be adulterated, and some of them-contaminated with human blood cells. Polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that MAGID was more accurate and sensitive than AGID, especially for false negative AGID results. Consumers are advised not to consume too much of the studied meat products to avoid exposure to adulterated or contaminated products that might constitute a health hazard.

Adult cartilage comes in three different types: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. In several forms of cartilage, chondrocytes are described as a one-cell population. Chondrocytes are the manufacturers of the surrounding ECM and collagen type II fibers in hyaline cartilage besides the elastic fibers in elastic cartilage. Whereas the white adipocytes mainly compose the white adipose tissue and they are specialized in production, storage and mobilization of triglycerides. Early studies explored a unique type of chondrocyte in mouse, rat, and rabbit auricular cartilage having morphology similar to white adipocytes and identified it as "adipochondrocyte". The objective of the current study was to explore the differences between chondrocyte, adipocyte and adipochondrocyte morphologies in white New Zealand rabbits and to ascertain if adipochondrocyte is more comparable to chondrocyte or adipocyte morphology. The auricles, articular cartilage of carpal joint, and pre-renal white fat of adult male white rabbits were harvested and processed for histological examination with light and transmission electron microscopy. The adipochondrocytes appeared as hypertrophic white adipocyte-like chondrocytes occupied the auricular cartilage plate of the white New Zealand rabbits, similar to the characteristic "signet ring" appearance of the white adipocytes in pre-renal white fat. The adipochondrocytes were housed in lacunae within an ECM similar to chondrocytes of articular cartilage. The TEM examination had illuminated that the adipochondrocyte cytoplasm contained large lipid globule that flattened the eccentric nucleus and sparse …

Background The liver was identified as a primary target organ for the chemo-radiological effects of uranyl acetate (UA). Although the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of gallic acid (GA) make it a promising phytochemical to resist its hazards, there is no available data in this area of research.

Methods To address this issue, eighteen rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups. One group was received carboxymethyl cellulose (vehicle of GA) and kept as a control. The UA group was injected intraperitoneally with UA at a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. The third group (GA+UA group) was treated with GA orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 14 days before UA exposure. UA was injected on the 15th day of the experiment in either the UA group or the GA+UA group. The biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical findings in the GA+UA group were compared to both control and UA groups.

Results The results showed that UA exposure led to a range of adverse effects. These included elevated plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, globulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein and decreased plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The exposure also disrupted the redox balance, evident through decreased plasma total antioxidant capacity and hepatic nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase and increased hepatic oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde. Plasma levels of albumin and alanine aminotransferase did not significantly change in all groups. Histopathological analysis revealed damage to liver tissue, characterized by deteriorations in tissue structure, excessive collagen accumulation, and depletion of glycogen. Furthermore, UA exposure up-regulated the immuno-expression of cleaved caspase-3 and down-regulated the immuno-expression of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 in hepatic tissues, indicating an induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress response. However, the pre-treatment with GA proved to be effective in mitigating these negative effects induced by UA exposure, except for the disturbances in the lipid profile.

Background In the livestock industry, Foreign Body Syndrome is a devastating disease condition. Feeding
management, lacking of food discrimination, and eating chopped food increase the risk of swallowing sharp
foreign bodies in bovine species. In addition to the honeycomb cells shape of the reticulum, the contractions of the
reticular wall, gravid uterine pressure, and parturition efforts, foreign bodies can penetrate the reticular wall, causing
cascade of problems including traumatic reticulitis, traumatic reticuloperitonitis, and traumatic pericarditis. The
present study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic significance of cardiac troponin I rapid test cassette and
other cardiac biomarkers including serum cardiac troponin I (cTn I), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme (AST), in confirmed cases of traumatic pericarditis (TP)
and/or traumatic reticuleoperitonitis (TRP) in cattle and buffaloes.
Methods A total number of 30 animals (22 cattle and 8 buffaloes) with different signs such as anorexia, jugular
distension, brisket edema, and signs of pain (reluctance to move, arching back, and abduction of the forelimbs) were
included in the present study. Based on case history, clinical signs, ferroscopic, pericardiocentesis, radiographic and
ultrasonographic examinations, TP were confirmed in cattle (n = 10) and buffaloes (n = 8) while TRP were confirmed
only in cattle (n = 12). Additionally, 20 clinically healthy animals (n = 10 cattle and 10 buffaloes) were used as a control
group. Blood samples were collected for determination of blood level of Tn-I, and activity of CK-MB, LDH, and AST.
Results The obtained results revealed a highly significant increase in serum cTn I in diseased cattle with TP and TRP
(P = 0.00), while buffaloes with TP showed no significant changes in serum cTn I (P = 0.111). Both diseased cattle and
buffaloes showed increased serum activities of CK-MB, AST, and LDH enzyme. On the other hand, cardiac troponin I
rapid test cassette failed to detect cTn I in diseased animals.
Conclusion The study concluded that the cardiac troponin I rapid test cassette did not have a diagnostic significance
and could not be used as a point-of-care under field condition for diagnosis of TP and TRP in large ruminants.
However, the serum troponin I level is helpful in diagnosis of TP and TRP in cattle. Although cardiac biomarkers have some diagnostic values in TP and TRP, the traditional diagnostic methods (clinical, radiography and ultrasonography
examinations) are crucial for thorough evaluation of TP/TRP cases in bovine.