The aim of this study is to identify the causative protozoan parasites infecting dogs in Egypt by discussing the
clinical signs, hemato-biochemical, oxidative stress, and the pro-inflammatory markers alterations in Canine leishmaniosis
(CanL). A total of 100 dogs of different breeds were collected from January to December 2020. The age of the dogs
ranged between 3and 10 years. All the 100 dogs suffered from signs compatible with vector-borne diseases. Only one
reported case was recorded for infection with CanL from 100 examined dogs (1% infection rate). The dog was 7 years
old female German Sphered dog with significant weight loss, depression, pyrexia (temp=40º), lameness on hind limbs,
severe respiratory manifestations, and skin ecchymosis in the ventral abdomen, tail, and hind leg with lymphadenopathy.
It had marked leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and monocytosis. Normocytic normochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia
were also observed. The most important biochemical changes in the serum were mild hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia,
hyperglobulinemia, elevated liver and kidney function, elevation in C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde level
and reduction in total antioxidant capacity.

To understand the development of the mucous preglottal salivary gland in Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail), morphological and histochemical studies were performed on 20 healthy Japanese quail embryos (aging from 10th to 17th incubation days) and 25 healthy quail chicks (aging from 0th to 60th days). The primordia of preglottal sali- vary gland were observed as an epithelial bud at the early embryonic stage, which then elongated and differentiated into secretory units by the end of this stage. In Japanese quails, the preglottal salivary gland was a mucous polystomatic tubuloalveolar unpaired gland composed of two lateral portions and a middle one embedded into the submucosa of the lingual root. The gland openings accompanied taste pore (8.17 μm) of taste buds associated salivary glands type; some skeletal mus- cle fibers embedded among secretory lobules extended from muscle cricohyoideus at 14th day-old quail chick. Also, both herbts corpuscles and secretory motor plexus could be detected among secretory lobules. Based on our investigations, the devel- opment of the preglottal salivary gland could clearly be distinguished in the embry- onic stage into pre bud and bud stages at 10th day old, cord and branching stages ended by cavitation at 11th day old, canalization stage at 13th day old, lobulation and secretory stages by the 17th day old. The secretory materials showed different histochemical reactions ended with highly alcinophilic mucous indicated highly sialomucin (acidic) content. Myoepithelial cells could be demonstrated at a 17-day old quail embryo and thereafter surrounded the secretory endpieces of the preglottal salivary gland.

The aim of this study was to estimate radionuclide levels in breast milk and the transferred dose to their infants in Sendai (100 km from Fukushima), Japan after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster. Radionuclide concentrations were analyzed in 101 specimens of breast milk collected in 2012. Median values for minimum detectable activities were 0.39, 0.34, 1.1, 1.89, and 17.1 Bq/kg for ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³¹I, ^110mAg, and ⁴⁰K, respectively. Only radionuclides from ⁴⁰K were detected. To estimate potential exposure and radiocesium dose, we assumed that the samples contained each minimum detectable activity level. The mean minimum detectable activity concentrations (standard deviation) of ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs were 0.42 (0.15) and 0.37 (0.14) Bq/kg, respectively. Means of estimated dietary intakes of ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs among infants were 0.35 (0.12) and 0.31 (0.11) Bq/day, respectively. The committed effective doses of radiocesium in infants aged 3 and 12 months via breastmilk were estimated at 5.6 (2.1) and 3.3 (1.2) μSv/year, respectively. Dietary intakes of ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs in breastfeeding mothers were back-calculated at 1.9 (0.71) and 1.7 (0.65) Bq/day, respectively. The study verified no discernible exposure to radionuclides among infants. The most conservative estimates were below the Japanese internal exposure limit of 1 mSv/year. 

calf diarrhea is a common syndrome causing colossal economic losses.Rotavirus and Coronavirus are major pathogens of calf diarrhea. During the period of investigation (13 consecutive months), a total number of 140 neonatal calves were carefully examined and thereafter subjected to serological and molecular diagnosis for the diagnosis of Rota and Corona viruses' infection. The serological and molecular diagnosis by using LAT and RT-PCR indicated that positive samples of Rotavirus infection were 21.43% (30/140) and 8% (4/50), respectively. ELISA and RT-PCR were used in diagnosing of BCoV infection and found that positive samples were 2.13% (2/94) and 4% (2/50), respectively. The Prevalence of Rotavirus and Coronavirus infection was 21.43 % (30/140) and 2.13 % (2/94) of the examined calves, respectively. It was found that there was a strong negative correlation between age of examined calves and Rotavirus infection. Coronavirus infection was found in calves at >4-7 weeks. There were no significance difference in Rota and Corona viruses' infection and sex, breed and species of examined calves. The most positive cases of Rotavirus and Coronavirus infection were reported in cold months. The lower infection rate of Rotavirus was recorded in hot months.It is concluded that Rota and Corona viruses play an outstanding role in causing enteritis in neonatal calves in different localities of Assiut governorate.

This study was conducted to evaluate some blood parameters, serum minerals profile and rumen liquor properties in dairy cows with foreign body syndrome and healthy ones. The present work was conducted as a retrospective cohort study for the cases admitted to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Assiut University. Based on clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic and post-operative findings, A total number of 37 dairy cows were classified into 3 groups, healthy dairy cows as a control (n = 10), cows with metallic foreign bodies (n = 15) and cows with non-metallic foreign bodies (n = 12). Blood samples were collected from each animal to determine some hematology, biochemical parameters and some minerals of serum. Rumen liquor samples were collected once from each cow, at the surgery to measure the rumen pH, NH3-N, total VFAs and total protozoa count. The results revealed no significant variations in hematological and biochemical indices among diseased groups as compared with control one. Serum concentrations of Mg and Fe were decreased (P<0.05) in dairy cows with metallic and non-metallic foreign. The concentrations of Cu and Zn decreased (P<0.05) in cows with metallic foreign bodies as compared with non-metallic foreign group and healthy dairy cows. Serum concentrations of Mg and Fe were decreased (P<0.05) in dairy cows with metallic and non-metallic foreign. The concentrations of Cu and Zn decreased (P<0.05) in cows with metallic foreign bodies as compared with non-metallic foreign group and healthy dairy cows. There was a decrease (P<0.05) in the rumen pH, NH3-N and total protozoa count in diseased cows when compared with healthy cows. However, the total VFAs was higher (P<0.05) in diseased cows than control one. In conclusion, some blood constants, serum minerals profiles and rumen fermentation properties are greatly disturbed in dairy cows with foreign body syndrome. Therefore, mineral therapy may be recommended alongside surgical management of diseased cows and buffaloes with foreign body syndrome.

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of whole bone marrow aspirate on the healing of full-thickness meniscal tear in the avascular zone in dogs. This study was carried out on 18 health adult mongrel dogs which were subjected to meniscal tear, and were divided into 2 groups. The first group was treated using whole bone marrow aspirate, while in the other group no treatment used (control group). The evaluation of the study involved clinical examination of lameness as well as morphological and histo-pathological examinations of the meniscal tears. The study concluded that the use of BMA for treatment of the full-thickness longitudinal meniscal tear in the avascular region in a canine model was successful as determined by the achievement of full limb function and meniscal tear healing morphohistologically.

The goal of the present study was to investigate the biochemical and histological changes in dog’s kidney, liver, heart, and skeletal muscles within 72 h after death. Ten male mongrel dogs aged from 1 to 2 years old were subjected to this study. Dogs were euthanized by the rapid intravenous injection of a lethal dose of sodium thiopental, and then the liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle samples were collected from the whole carcasses at different time intervals 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postmortem. Samples were divided into two parts; one part was used for measuring tissue levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The other part was subjected to histopathological examinations. On the biochemical level, LDH in the liver, kidney, and cardiac and skeletal muscles showed a significant increase at 4 h followed by significant decrease at 48 and 72 h in all the studied tissues. Lactate level showed variable degrees of increase and decrease in kidney and liver tissues while muscles showed increased lactate concentration during the first 48 h then decreased at 72 h. CPK in cardiac and skeletal muscles showed similar changes; it increased from 4 to 48 h then decreased at 72 h. AST level decreased in liver tissue at 4 until 72 h, while in muscular tissue it showed a delayed reduction in concentration which started at 12 and 24 h in the cardiac and skeletal muscles respectively. Similar changes of AST levels in both skeletal and cardiac muscles were observed; it increased at 4 h and then decreased at 24, 48, and 72 h. Histopathological changes in the kidneys were the earliest changes seen in tissue. The changes in the hepatic tissue were earlier than those of heart and skeletal muscle. We concluded that LDH enzyme showed regular changes in all examined tissues; the biochemical changes in cardiac and skeletal muscles were regular and can be useful in estimation of the time of death. The histopathological changes in the kidney, liver, and cardiac and skeletal muscles were very clear and can be used for estimating the postmortem intervals in dogs.

Background and Aim: Congenital anomalies of the urinary system are common affections in ruminants. Dilatation of the
pelvic urethra is one of these affections in which the pelvic urethra dilated than normal diameter. This study aimed to explain
the diagnosis and surgical treatment of urethral dilatation in cattle calves.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-three bull calves (2-7 months old) were presented with a history of stranguria, tenesmus,
and straining. Diagnosis of urethral dilatation was relied on the case history and clinical examination and was confirmed
using survey and contrast radiography, ultrasonography, and biochemical tests. Treatment was done by urethrostomy under
the effect of local infiltration analgesia.
Results: Physical examination revealed the presence of an oval, firm, and painless swelling at the perineal region, starting
just below the anus and extended to the base of the scrotum. The owners reported that the initial swelling size and severity
of symptoms increased with the progress of animal age. Biochemical findings revealed non-significant changes in blood
urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Radiographic findings showed an oval radiopaque mass. However, a well-demarcated
structure with acoustic enhancement was detected on ultrasonographic examination. Urethrostomy resulted in a successful
outcome of all cases.
Conclusion: Depending on these findings, ultrasonography is the most reliable diagnostic tool and urethrostomy is the
intervention of choice with acceptable results for diagnosis and treatment of urethral dilatation in cattle calves, respectively.