The kinetics of oxidation of methyl cellulose polysaccharide as a natural polymer by alkaline potassium ferricyanide at a constant ionic strength of 1.0 mol dm−3 have been studied, spectrophotometrically. The experimental results showed complex kinetics where the pseudo first-order plots were found to be straight lines up to 60% of reaction completion, and then deviated from linearity. A first-order dependence in Fe(CN)6 3− and fractional first-order kinetics with respect to the methyl cellulose concentration was observed. The oxidation reaction was found to be base catalyzed. Again, addition of Fe(CN)6 4− product to the reaction mixture leads to a remarkable retardation of the oxidation rates. A kinetic evidence for the formation of 1:1 intermediate complex was revealed. The activation parameters have been evaluated and a tentative reaction mechanism in good consistency with the kinetic results is discussed.

The kinetics of oxidation of methyl cellulose polysaccharide as a natural polymer by alkaline potassium ferricyanide at a constant ionic strength of 1.0 mol dm−3 have been studied, spectrophotometrically. The experimental results showed complex kinetics where the pseudo first-order plots were found to be straight lines up to 60% of reaction completion, and then deviated from linearity. A first-order dependence in Fe(CN)6 3− and fractional first-order kinetics with respect to the methyl cellulose concentration was observed. The oxidation reaction was found to be base catalyzed. Again, addition of Fe(CN)6 4− product to the reaction mixture leads to a remarkable retardation of the oxidation rates. A kinetic evidence for the formation of 1:1 intermediate complex was revealed. The activation parameters have been evaluated and a tentative reaction mechanism in good consistency with the kinetic results is discussed.

In the present work, the destructive effects of the 4-nonylphenol on one of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied. Apoptosis, erythrocytes alterations, micronucleus test and blood parameters count were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mg/l), apoptotic red blood cells with many malformations and micronuclated erythrocytes were recorded. Decrease in the blood parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), package cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), neutrophils, eosinophils indicated the negative effects of 4-nonylphenol. It was concluded that, the 4-nonylphenol caused genotoxicity in erythrocytes with many malformations in shape and number indicated with other blood parameters.

In the present work, the destructive effects of the 4-nonylphenol on one of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied. Apoptosis, erythrocytes alterations, micronucleus test and blood parameters count were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mg/l), apoptotic red blood cells with many malformations and micronuclated erythrocytes were recorded. Decrease in the blood parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), package cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), neutrophils, eosinophils indicated the negative effects of 4-nonylphenol. It was concluded that, the 4-nonylphenol caused genotoxicity in erythrocytes with many malformations in shape and number indicated with other blood parameters.

In the present work, the destructive effects of the 4-nonylphenol on one of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied. Apoptosis, erythrocytes alterations, micronucleus test and blood parameters count were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mg/l), apoptotic red blood cells with many malformations and micronuclated erythrocytes were recorded. Decrease in the blood parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), package cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), neutrophils, eosinophils indicated the negative effects of 4-nonylphenol. It was concluded that, the 4-nonylphenol caused genotoxicity in erythrocytes with many malformations in shape and number indicated with other blood parameters.

In this work, we consider the Lie's method of infinitesimal transformation groups and discrete symmetries method for Burgers equation with time dependent flux at the origin. Following the Lie's method of infinitesimal transformation groups we determine the symmetry reductions and similarity solutions of the governing equation. By applying discrete symmetries analysis we have obtained three groups of discrete symmetries which lead to new symmetry reductions and similarity solutions of our problem. The analytical solutions which are obtained using symmetries and discrete symmetries are summarized in table form.

In this work, we consider the Lie's method of infinitesimal transformation groups and discrete symmetries method for Burgers equation with time dependent flux at the origin. Following the Lie's method of infinitesimal transformation groups we determine the symmetry reductions and similarity solutions of the governing equation. By applying discrete symmetries analysis we have obtained three groups of discrete symmetries which lead to new symmetry reductions and similarity solutions of our problem. The analytical solutions which are obtained using symmetries and discrete symmetries are summarized in table form.