Care of schizophrenic patients is enduring stress and leads to considerable amount of burden among caregivers. Little is known about the ways in which families cope while caring for a relative with schizophrenia in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to explore burden and coping strategies in caregivers of schizophrenic patients and identify the relationship between burden and coping strategies among them. Caregivers were assessed by utilizing caregiver burden self report and ways of coping questionnaires. A descriptive co relational design was used on the study. The sample comprised of 100 caregivers of schizophrenic patients from psychiatric in patient and the out patient clinic of neuropsychiatry at Assiut university hospital. The result revealed that level of burden reported by caregivers of schizophrenic patients was high. The most coping strategies used by caregivers of schizophrenic patients were self controlling, positive reappraisal and escape-avoidance. Burden was negatively and non significantly correlated with confrontive coping, distancing, seeking social support and positive reappraisal coping strategies. However, it was positively and non significantly correlated with self controlling, accepting responsibility, escape- avoidance and planful problem solving. Socio demographic variables were not associated significantly with burden and coping strategies. Conclusion: Caregivers experienced high level of burden. Burden was non significantly correlated with coping strategies. Recommendation: Psycho educational program is needed to assist caregivers cope successfully with burden that result from the care of schizophrenic patients.

Care of schizophrenic patients is enduring stress and leads to considerable amount of burden among caregivers. Little is known about the ways in which families cope while caring for a relative with schizophrenia in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to explore burden and coping strategies in caregivers of schizophrenic patients and identify the relationship between burden and coping strategies among them. Caregivers were assessed by utilizing caregiver burden self report and ways of coping questionnaires. A descriptive co relational design was used on the study. The sample comprised of 100 caregivers of schizophrenic patients from psychiatric in patient and the out patient clinic of neuropsychiatry at Assiut university hospital. The result revealed that level of burden reported by caregivers of schizophrenic patients was high. The most coping strategies used by caregivers of schizophrenic patients were self controlling, positive reappraisal and escape-avoidance. Burden was negatively and non significantly correlated with confrontive coping, distancing, seeking social support and positive reappraisal coping strategies. However, it was positively and non significantly correlated with self controlling, accepting responsibility, escape- avoidance and planful problem solving. Socio demographic variables were not associated significantly with burden and coping strategies. Conclusion: Caregivers experienced high level of burden. Burden was non significantly correlated with coping strategies. Recommendation: Psycho educational program is needed to assist caregivers cope successfully with burden that result from the care of schizophrenic patients.

The individual with End-stage renal disease on hemodialysis is facing multiple and potentially overwhelming stressors which impact the level of social, psychological, and physical functioning. The study aimed to assess psychological stress related to hemodialysis patients. Subjects and methods: The studied sample included 250 patients; this study was conducted in El-Minia University hospital at Dialysis Unit. They were assessed through Psychological stress scale taken from Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale. Conclusion of this study revealed that, males represent 55.2% of the studied sample, and more than half of the studied sample resided in rural area. Concerning level of stress among studied sample, 36% of patients had moderate level of stress while 14% of them suffered from severe level of stress.

Today most of patients with chronic disease can be treated; therefore many studied in this field have focused on psychosocial problems. This descriptive study aimed to determine and compare the Self-Esteem level and optimism of patients with chronic renal failure and leukemia participants. Subjects and methods: The studied was conducted at the out patient and hematology department of Upper Egypt Cancer Institution, and kidney dialysis unit at Assiut University Hospital. The subjects were comprised from 1oo adult patients and fulfilling the following criteria: age18 to 65 years, diagnosed as chronic renal failure and leukemia, and accepted to participate in the study, their number amounted to 50 chronic renal failures patients and 50 leukemia patients which were selected randomly. Data was collected using an interview schedule for assessing socio demographic data. The Optimism and self-esteem Scale (Developed by Taha – Al-Mestekawy2007): was use to assess the level of the optimism and self –esteem of the tow group of patients. Results: The results reveled that, the mean scores of self- esteem and optimism were high in the chronic renal failure and low in the leukemia patients. Conclusion: The study concluded that adult patients with chronic renal failure and leukemia have low score of Self-Esteem and optimism. Recommendations: The study recommended that health promotion education program for renal failure and leukemia survivors, family members should be included in treatment regimen and health education for chronic illness patients, and develop continued training and education program for nurses, frequently attending and conferences based on their needs of chronic illness patients to improve Self-Esteem and optimism.

Today most of patients with chronic disease can be treated; therefore many studied in this field have focused on psychosocial problems. This descriptive study aimed to determine and compare the Self-Esteem level and optimism of patients with chronic renal failure and leukemia participants. Subjects and methods: The studied was conducted at the out patient and hematology department of Upper Egypt Cancer Institution, and kidney dialysis unit at Assiut University Hospital. The subjects were comprised from 1oo adult patients and fulfilling the following criteria: age18 to 65 years, diagnosed as chronic renal failure and leukemia, and accepted to participate in the study, their number amounted to 50 chronic renal failures patients and 50 leukemia patients which were selected randomly. Data was collected using an interview schedule for assessing socio demographic data. The Optimism and self-esteem Scale (Developed by Taha – Al-Mestekawy2007): was use to assess the level of the optimism and self –esteem of the tow group of patients. Results: The results reveled that, the mean scores of self- esteem and optimism were high in the chronic renal failure and low in the leukemia patients. Conclusion: The study concluded that adult patients with chronic renal failure and leukemia have low score of Self-Esteem and optimism. Recommendations: The study recommended that health promotion education program for renal failure and leukemia survivors, family members should be included in treatment regimen and health education for chronic illness patients, and develop continued training and education program for nurses, frequently attending and conferences based on their needs of chronic illness patients to improve Self-Esteem and optimism.

Today most of patients with chronic disease can be treated; therefore many studied in this field have focused on psychosocial problems. This descriptive study aimed to determine and compare the Self-Esteem level and optimism of patients with chronic renal failure and leukemia participants. Subjects and methods: The studied was conducted at the out patient and hematology department of Upper Egypt Cancer Institution, and kidney dialysis unit at Assiut University Hospital. The subjects were comprised from 1oo adult patients and fulfilling the following criteria: age18 to 65 years, diagnosed as chronic renal failure and leukemia, and accepted to participate in the study, their number amounted to 50 chronic renal failures patients and 50 leukemia patients which were selected randomly. Data was collected using an interview schedule for assessing socio demographic data. The Optimism and self-esteem Scale (Developed by Taha – Al-Mestekawy2007): was use to assess the level of the optimism and self –esteem of the tow group of patients. Results: The results reveled that, the mean scores of self- esteem and optimism were high in the chronic renal failure and low in the leukemia patients. Conclusion: The study concluded that adult patients with chronic renal failure and leukemia have low score of Self-Esteem and optimism. Recommendations: The study recommended that health promotion education program for renal failure and leukemia survivors, family members should be included in treatment regimen and health education for chronic illness patients, and develop continued training and education program for nurses, frequently attending and conferences based on their needs of chronic illness patients to improve Self-Esteem and optimism.

Pregnant women may experience specific and intense fears such as fear of incompetence and concerns about pain and loss of control during delivery, fear for their own life and the life of their baby and worries about changes in their personal life due to pregnancy and childbirth. Diabetes is categorized into two groups, preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes. This study is concerned with assessing and identifying psychological distress and quality of life among diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant women. It was conducted at the obstetric and gynecological department at Assiut university hospital. The study consisted 200 pregnant women, among the subjects, 100 were diabetics and 100 non diabetics as a control group. Data were collected through two tools, depression anxiety stress scale and quality of life scale. The results of this study yielded that diabetic pregnant women had severe and extreme depression than non diabetics (X2 = 29. 32), Also they had severe and extreme anxiety and stress. Diabetic pregnant women had a moderate quality of life than non diabetics... The study recommended developing strategies to improve quality of life and emotional support for diabetic pregnant women.

Pregnant women may experience specific and intense fears such as fear of incompetence and concerns about pain and loss of control during delivery, fear for their own life and the life of their baby and worries about changes in their personal life due to pregnancy and childbirth. Diabetes is categorized into two groups, preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes. This study is concerned with assessing and identifying psychological distress and quality of life among diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant women. It was conducted at the obstetric and gynecological department at Assiut university hospital. The study consisted 200 pregnant women, among the subjects, 100 were diabetics and 100 non diabetics as a control group. Data were collected through two tools, depression anxiety stress scale and quality of life scale. The results of this study yielded that diabetic pregnant women had severe and extreme depression than non diabetics (X2 = 29. 32), Also they had severe and extreme anxiety and stress. Diabetic pregnant women had a moderate quality of life than non diabetics... The study recommended developing strategies to improve quality of life and emotional support for diabetic pregnant women.

Pregnant women may experience specific and intense fears such as fear of incompetence and concerns about pain and loss of control during delivery, fear for their own life and the life of their baby and worries about changes in their personal life due to pregnancy and childbirth. Diabetes is categorized into two groups, preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes. This study is concerned with assessing and identifying psychological distress and quality of life among diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant women. It was conducted at the obstetric and gynecological department at Assiut university hospital. The study consisted 200 pregnant women, among the subjects, 100 were diabetics and 100 non diabetics as a control group. Data were collected through two tools, depression anxiety stress scale and quality of life scale. The results of this study yielded that diabetic pregnant women had severe and extreme depression than non diabetics (X2 = 29. 32), Also they had severe and extreme anxiety and stress. Diabetic pregnant women had a moderate quality of life than non diabetics... The study recommended developing strategies to improve quality of life and emotional support for diabetic pregnant women.

Pregnant women may experience specific and intense fears such as fear of incompetence and concerns about pain and loss of control during delivery, fear for their own life and the life of their baby and worries about changes in their personal life due to pregnancy and childbirth. Diabetes is categorized into two groups, preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes. This study is concerned with assessing and identifying psychological distress and quality of life among diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant women. It was conducted at the obstetric and gynecological department at Assiut university hospital. The study consisted 200 pregnant women, among the subjects, 100 were diabetics and 100 non diabetics as a control group. Data were collected through two tools, depression anxiety stress scale and quality of life scale. The results of this study yielded that diabetic pregnant women had severe and extreme depression than non diabetics (X2 = 29. 32), Also they had severe and extreme anxiety and stress. Diabetic pregnant women had a moderate quality of life than non diabetics... The study recommended developing strategies to improve quality of life and emotional support for diabetic pregnant women.