The study aims to identify child abuse at home in urban and rural areas of Assiut Governorate. The sample comprised 400 mothers; 200 mothers from Assuit City and 200 from three rural villages around Assuit. A questionnaire sheet was designed to collect the relevant information about child neglect (physical, medical, safety and educational) and child abuse (emotional and physical). The study was carried out during the period from January, to the end of September 2003. The study revealed that children living within overcrowded families are liable to suffer from neglect either physical, safety, medical or educational than those living in small sized families. Family instability especially traveling of parents or parental separation are important factors leading to child abuse. Neglect ( physical, safety and medical) decrease with increased live I of education. Finally safety and medical neglect are higher in rural than in urban localities.

The study aims to identify child abuse at home in urban and rural areas of Assiut Governorate. The sample comprised 400 mothers; 200 mothers from Assuit City and 200 from three rural villages around Assuit. A questionnaire sheet was designed to collect the relevant information about child neglect (physical, medical, safety and educational) and child abuse (emotional and physical). The study was carried out during the period from January, to the end of September 2003. The study revealed that children living within overcrowded families are liable to suffer from neglect either physical, safety, medical or educational than those living in small sized families. Family instability especially traveling of parents or parental separation are important factors leading to child abuse. Neglect ( physical, safety and medical) decrease with increased live I of education. Finally safety and medical neglect are higher in rural than in urban localities.

The aim of this study was to assess an educational training program for nurses working in MCH centers in Assiut regarding infection control. The study was conducted in all maternal and child health centers (MCH) in Assiut City. The total number of the study sample in all MCH centers was72 nurses. There are two tools used for data collection: an interview questiOlmaire and an observation checklist. The interview questionnaire was used before and after the program to measure the exact level of knowledge that nurses have about infection such as (definition of sterilization, proper isolation, good infection control, types of sterilization, equipment that may be sterilized in autoclave (6 questions).!t also assesses nurses knowledge about universal precaution related to blood and body fluids (16 questions) and their knowledge about hand washing (3 questions). The second tool (practice) is an observation checklist that was developed for assessing nurses' performance. Data were collected during the period from the beginning of January 2003 to October 2003. Each center takes two months. Results of this study indicated that nearly half (48.6%) of the sample were (48.6%) in the age group 20-30 years ,45.8% were over 30 years. All nurses lacked knowledge related to epidemiology only 40.2% of the nurses under study had sufficient knowledge regarding epidemiology before exposure to the program. The percentage increased to 88.9% after the administration of the program. Also the majority of nurses had adequately prepared on hand washing techniques on the post test with a statistical significant difference of

The aim of this study was to assess an educational training program for nurses working in MCH centers in Assiut regarding infection control. The study was conducted in all maternal and child health centers (MCH) in Assiut City. The total number of the study sample in all MCH centers was72 nurses. There are two tools used for data collection: an interview questiOlmaire and an observation checklist. The interview questionnaire was used before and after the program to measure the exact level of knowledge that nurses have about infection such as (definition of sterilization, proper isolation, good infection control, types of sterilization, equipment that may be sterilized in autoclave (6 questions).!t also assesses nurses knowledge about universal precaution related to blood and body fluids (16 questions) and their knowledge about hand washing (3 questions). The second tool (practice) is an observation checklist that was developed for assessing nurses' performance. Data were collected during the period from the beginning of January 2003 to October 2003. Each center takes two months. Results of this study indicated that nearly half (48.6%) of the sample were (48.6%) in the age group 20-30 years ,45.8% were over 30 years. All nurses lacked knowledge related to epidemiology only 40.2% of the nurses under study had sufficient knowledge regarding epidemiology before exposure to the program. The percentage increased to 88.9% after the administration of the program. Also the majority of nurses had adequately prepared on hand washing techniques on the post test with a statistical significant difference of

Aging is a complex and dynamic process with interrelated and inseparable physiological, psychological and sociological components. Moreover, the elderly can be a burden to themselves, their families and their communities. The present study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of workers in Assiut University toward the elderly care. The subjects of the study consist of624 working personnel in different faculties in Assiut University setting. They were chosen using propoltion allocation method which was 25% of the total number of working personnel in each faculty, the total number of the workers in Assiut University was 2558. The results revealed that the mean age of the workers was 37.2 ±11.6; females represented 60% of the studied sample, 44% of them were highly educated, and 81.0% of them living in urban communities, 45.8% of them living with elderly persons at home, while 54.2% not living with them. Majority of the studied sample had good knowledge regarding to the changes, which occur to the elderly, such as nutrition, sleeping problems, accident and exercise, while the majority of them had a poor knowledge regarding health promotion and disease prevention of the elderly. Only 14.7% of the studied sample had a satisfactory degree of practice toward the elderly care and the rest of them had a poor degree of practice. Females in studied sample had more score in practice than males. Those living in rural communities also had more score in knowledge and practice than those living in urban communities. The portion of the studied sample that was living with elderly persons, at their homes had high score in knowledge and practice than who were not living with them.

Aging is a complex and dynamic process with interrelated and inseparable physiological, psychological and sociological components. Moreover, the elderly can be a burden to themselves, their families and their communities. The present study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of workers in Assiut University toward the elderly care. The subjects of the study consist of624 working personnel in different faculties in Assiut University setting. They were chosen using propoltion allocation method which was 25% of the total number of working personnel in each faculty, the total number of the workers in Assiut University was 2558. The results revealed that the mean age of the workers was 37.2 ±11.6; females represented 60% of the studied sample, 44% of them were highly educated, and 81.0% of them living in urban communities, 45.8% of them living with elderly persons at home, while 54.2% not living with them. Majority of the studied sample had good knowledge regarding to the changes, which occur to the elderly, such as nutrition, sleeping problems, accident and exercise, while the majority of them had a poor knowledge regarding health promotion and disease prevention of the elderly. Only 14.7% of the studied sample had a satisfactory degree of practice toward the elderly care and the rest of them had a poor degree of practice. Females in studied sample had more score in practice than males. Those living in rural communities also had more score in knowledge and practice than those living in urban communities. The portion of the studied sample that was living with elderly persons, at their homes had high score in knowledge and practice than who were not living with them.

The objective of this work was to estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking among teens, to analyze the attitudes and beliefs of such students regarding smoking and to study the impact of the socioeconomic standard on the development of such habit. The studied sample included students from a secondary school (n=1482) and a technical school (n=1694). An anonymous closed, self administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Data were expressed as mean+SD or number (percentage). The prevalence of smoking behavior among secondary school students (22.46%) was significantly less (P

The objective of this work was to estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking among teens, to analyze the attitudes and beliefs of such students regarding smoking and to study the impact of the socioeconomic standard on the development of such habit. The studied sample included students from a secondary school (n=1482) and a technical school (n=1694). An anonymous closed, self administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Data were expressed as mean+SD or number (percentage). The prevalence of smoking behavior among secondary school students (22.46%) was significantly less (P

Premenstrual Syndrom(PMS) is a disorder characterized by a set of hormonal changes that trigger disruptive symptoms in a significant number of women .Infact, out of the estimated 40 million sufferers, more than five million require medical treatment. Purposes of this study were to:(a)assess Egyptian women's physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms associated with premenstrual cycle and, (b )explore the relation between these symptomatology and A selected sociodemographic variables .A descriptive-correlation design was utilized to study the phenomenon under investigation. The study sample was convenient in nature and included 492 women. Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ), and sociodemographic and obestatric history. Data Form were used to collect data pertinent to the study. The results of the study evidenced that PMS was experienced almost by all the studied sample, the physical symptoms earned the highest level this was followed by psychological and behavioural symptoms respectively. The most common physical complaints were muscles weakness, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting. Mood changes, depression, and anxiety, on the other hand were the most common psychological symptoms. The majority of women also complained of behavioral changes mainly in form of less performance of their work and incorrect judgment. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relation between women's age, level of education, marital status and use of hormonal contraceptives with the premenstrual symptoms. The study implicated the importance of threading PMS throuth women's health programes perssicly reproductive health. Further research on the impact of cultural values and beliefs on pain perception was highly recommended.

Grand grand multiparity is associated with many complications to both mother and fetus. These might occur during the period of the ante, intra and post partnllTI period. So, the aim of this study consists of two folds ; 1- To evaluate the maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in the grand grand multiparous women and 2- To examine the effects of planned nursing intervention on the maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Total of the 460 pregnant women were recruited in the study. 400 pregnant women were subdivided into four groups according to their parity primigravidea, multipara, grand multipara and grand grand multripara (assessment group). While 60 of the pregnant women were grand grand mUltiparity (intervention group). The methods of data collection were interviewing questionnaire (sociodemographic data, obstetrical data, history of present complain etc ... ), Partograph to monitor progress of labor, maternal as well as fetal condition, Apgar scores is to evaluate the infant's cardio respiratory adaptation after birth. Results revealed that the mean age was 21.9 ± 3.6, 28 ± 4.4, 35.1 ± 4.2, 40.1 ± 2.7,37.8 ± 3.4 in the primigravidea, multipara, grand multipara, and grand grand multipara (assessment and intervention groups), respectively. About 62 % and 50% of women with the grand grand multiparity (assessment and intervention groups, respectively) were delivered vaginally as compared to other parities 74%, 67%, 73%. On the other hand, the higher rate of cesarean section 31 % and 46.7% was observed in the grand grand multiparity (assessment and intervention groups, respectively). Furthermore, the frequencies of the low birth weight and cephalopelvic disproportion were slightly high in the intervention group as compared to the assessment group. There were no statistically significant differences between the assessment and the intervention groups of the grand grand multiparity regarding to the incidence of diabetes mellitus, anemia, and premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnious and placenta abruption. Also, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding to induction, cesarean section, and post term delivery. The rate of post partum hemorrhage was 5%, 8% in the intervention and assessment groups, respectively. Moreover, the frequency of eclampsia was higher in the intervention as compared to the assessment group 16.7%, 7%, respectively. Mean Apgar score at the first minutes and fifth minutes in the grand grand multiparous women 8.6 ± 1.5, 8.9 ± 1.2 and 9.3 ± 0.9, 9.5 ± 1.1 (assessment and intervention groups, respectively) were higher as compared to other parities. Regarding to the neonatal outcome the results revealed that there were slightly higher rate of meconium stained amniotic fluid, in the assessment group as compared to the intervention group with no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The study concluded that' the grand grand multiparity carries the risk of maternal hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which often leads to, induced labor or operative deliveries and placental disorders.