Abstract: Abstract: Introduction: Umbilical Cord Blood(UCB) used as a source of hematopietic stem cells for bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Knowledge of the nurses is vital to success the science of Umbilical Cord Blood Banking. Aim of the study: Researchers sought to assess nurses' knowledge regarding umbilical cord blood banking and identifying the barriers of it to be applied as their support is crusial to the success of development and functioning of cord blood banks in Women's Health Hospital, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. Research design: Descriptive study design was utilized in this study. Subjects and Methods: All nurses who work in Obstetrics and Gynecological department, Women's Health Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt, were included in the study between October 2014 and January 2015. Data were collected in interviews by using an interview form developed by the researchers according to the literature. All nurses were 150. Results: Nurses' Knowledge about UCBB are lacking , inadequate knowledge represented 79.7% and they identified from their point of view that the costs of the umbilical cord blood banks, policies and procedures are barriers of conducting such new technology in their hospitals. Conclusion and Recommendations: Nurses' level of knowledge on UCBB is inadequate and this indicates the necessity of creation of educational programs and continual training with the use of UCBB. Also nurses must be equipped to know the approved standards and understanding UCBB. Keywords: nurses' knowledge, stem cells, umbilical cord blood banking

Abstract: Abstract: Introduction: Umbilical Cord Blood(UCB) used as a source of hematopietic stem cells for bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Knowledge of the nurses is vital to success the science of Umbilical Cord Blood Banking. Aim of the study: Researchers sought to assess nurses' knowledge regarding umbilical cord blood banking and identifying the barriers of it to be applied as their support is crusial to the success of development and functioning of cord blood banks in Women's Health Hospital, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. Research design: Descriptive study design was utilized in this study. Subjects and Methods: All nurses who work in Obstetrics and Gynecological department, Women's Health Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt, were included in the study between October 2014 and January 2015. Data were collected in interviews by using an interview form developed by the researchers according to the literature. All nurses were 150. Results: Nurses' Knowledge about UCBB are lacking , inadequate knowledge represented 79.7% and they identified from their point of view that the costs of the umbilical cord blood banks, policies and procedures are barriers of conducting such new technology in their hospitals. Conclusion and Recommendations: Nurses' level of knowledge on UCBB is inadequate and this indicates the necessity of creation of educational programs and continual training with the use of UCBB. Also nurses must be equipped to know the approved standards and understanding UCBB. Keywords: nurses' knowledge, stem cells, umbilical cord blood banking

Abstract Hymen is a thin membrane that surrounding & covers the Vagina opening ina young Woman's, can present in different shapes. Aim of the Study ;Identification of different types and percentage of hymen., Assess Knowledge of students about hymen in both Faculties Nursing and Education in Assiut University and Comparison between student’s Knowledge indifferent years the (1st & 4th ) years Faculty of Nursing. Subject and Methods: A descriptive , analytic & retrospective design was used for this study The sample of this study was divided into three categories: The first category : A total of 220 consecutive girls (210At birth 36 to 42 weeks of gestation&10 from 8 to 12 month) were examined at labor ward, to observe hymnal configuration, The second category : A total of 20 defloration injuries who were recorded in statistical records from 3 December 2004 up to 3 December 2005. The third category : A total of 800 students were recruited for the study included (300 students from 1st year of faculty of Educations) and (500 students include 300 from the 1st year and 200 students from 4th year of faculty of Nursing). Tools of Study: Structured interviewing questionnaire, Examination sheet of the hymen (At birth and one year of age) which include Gestational age Age of infant.. Shape of hymen. Result : -The study result showed that annular configuration is the most common shape (79%) -Distribution of defloration injuries who are recorded in statistical record 20 defloration injuries Regarding to the student’s knowledge about the female genital organs , it was found that more than three quarters of the students (83.1%) had correct answer about female genital organs ., it was found that (91. 4%) of the students had their knowledge from study books ,also found that more than three quarters of the students (79.8%) know hymen .The majority of student(93.4%) mentioned that the hymen is , a sign of virginity, it was found that (80.8%) of students mentioned that the main cause of hymen tearing before marriage was masturbation followed by illegal sexual relation , Also remember that (100%) of the students didn’t agree on use of traditional method to rupture hymen. The comparison between class 1 and 4 of Faculty of Nursing , it was found highly percentage of knowledge about hymen in class 4 more than class 1 of Faculty of Nursing . Finally the students need to know- more information about hymen (definition , site , morphology , causes of hymen tearing before marriage.

Abstract Hymen is a thin membrane that surrounding & covers the Vagina opening ina young Woman's, can present in different shapes. Aim of the Study ;Identification of different types and percentage of hymen., Assess Knowledge of students about hymen in both Faculties Nursing and Education in Assiut University and Comparison between student’s Knowledge indifferent years the (1st & 4th ) years Faculty of Nursing. Subject and Methods: A descriptive , analytic & retrospective design was used for this study The sample of this study was divided into three categories: The first category : A total of 220 consecutive girls (210At birth 36 to 42 weeks of gestation&10 from 8 to 12 month) were examined at labor ward, to observe hymnal configuration, The second category : A total of 20 defloration injuries who were recorded in statistical records from 3 December 2004 up to 3 December 2005. The third category : A total of 800 students were recruited for the study included (300 students from 1st year of faculty of Educations) and (500 students include 300 from the 1st year and 200 students from 4th year of faculty of Nursing). Tools of Study: Structured interviewing questionnaire, Examination sheet of the hymen (At birth and one year of age) which include Gestational age Age of infant.. Shape of hymen. Result : -The study result showed that annular configuration is the most common shape (79%) -Distribution of defloration injuries who are recorded in statistical record 20 defloration injuries Regarding to the student’s knowledge about the female genital organs , it was found that more than three quarters of the students (83.1%) had correct answer about female genital organs ., it was found that (91. 4%) of the students had their knowledge from study books ,also found that more than three quarters of the students (79.8%) know hymen .The majority of student(93.4%) mentioned that the hymen is , a sign of virginity, it was found that (80.8%) of students mentioned that the main cause of hymen tearing before marriage was masturbation followed by illegal sexual relation , Also remember that (100%) of the students didn’t agree on use of traditional method to rupture hymen. The comparison between class 1 and 4 of Faculty of Nursing , it was found highly percentage of knowledge about hymen in class 4 more than class 1 of Faculty of Nursing . Finally the students need to know- more information about hymen (definition , site , morphology , causes of hymen tearing before marriage.

Abstract Hymen is a thin membrane that surrounding & covers the Vagina opening ina young Woman's, can present in different shapes. Aim of the Study ;Identification of different types and percentage of hymen., Assess Knowledge of students about hymen in both Faculties Nursing and Education in Assiut University and Comparison between student’s Knowledge indifferent years the (1st & 4th ) years Faculty of Nursing. Subject and Methods: A descriptive , analytic & retrospective design was used for this study The sample of this study was divided into three categories: The first category : A total of 220 consecutive girls (210At birth 36 to 42 weeks of gestation&10 from 8 to 12 month) were examined at labor ward, to observe hymnal configuration, The second category : A total of 20 defloration injuries who were recorded in statistical records from 3 December 2004 up to 3 December 2005. The third category : A total of 800 students were recruited for the study included (300 students from 1st year of faculty of Educations) and (500 students include 300 from the 1st year and 200 students from 4th year of faculty of Nursing). Tools of Study: Structured interviewing questionnaire, Examination sheet of the hymen (At birth and one year of age) which include Gestational age Age of infant.. Shape of hymen. Result : -The study result showed that annular configuration is the most common shape (79%) -Distribution of defloration injuries who are recorded in statistical record 20 defloration injuries Regarding to the student’s knowledge about the female genital organs , it was found that more than three quarters of the students (83.1%) had correct answer about female genital organs ., it was found that (91. 4%) of the students had their knowledge from study books ,also found that more than three quarters of the students (79.8%) know hymen .The majority of student(93.4%) mentioned that the hymen is , a sign of virginity, it was found that (80.8%) of students mentioned that the main cause of hymen tearing before marriage was masturbation followed by illegal sexual relation , Also remember that (100%) of the students didn’t agree on use of traditional method to rupture hymen. The comparison between class 1 and 4 of Faculty of Nursing , it was found highly percentage of knowledge about hymen in class 4 more than class 1 of Faculty of Nursing . Finally the students need to know- more information about hymen (definition , site , morphology , causes of hymen tearing before marriage.

Abstract: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are responsible for a variety of health problems, and can have especially serious consequences for adolescents and young adults. Adolescence is marked by profound biological and psychological changes. However, adolescent health, especially reproductive health, is a neglected area. Aim of the study was to recognize the perception of adolescent girls regarding the sexually transmitted diseases and infection, and to determine whether adolescent girls differentiate between the terms sexually transmitted disease (STDs) and sexually transmitted infection (STIs). Subjects and methods a descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to conduct the study at eight faculties that are selected randomly in El- Minia University. It included 408 female students by random sampling technique. The data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire including knowledge and attitude rating scale. The study results revealed that there were unsatisfactory knowledge related to mode of transmission (63%), types (69.1%), and symptoms of STDs/STIs (85.8%). while they had satisfactory knowledge about curability, complication and protection ways of sexually transmitted diseases and Infection. The sources of information were mainly the school/university (20.1%), and then mass media (15.4%). Shyness was the most pronounced barrier (38.2%) for seeking health care, Tradition come the next barrier (21.1%), followed by there is No special girl's center (10.3%). Knowledge was significantly higher among students in urban areas (p0.001) than rural areas, and whose mothers able to read and write. Conclusion the study concluded that lack awareness of adolescent girls about sexually transmitted disease and infections and they unable to differentiate between the terms sexually transmitted disease (STDs) and sexually transmitted infection (STIs). Therefore, it is recommended to conduct sessions discussing sexual health and STDs/STIs for mothers at schools and students at universities, with the cooperation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), worship places, National Women Council, and-cultural and behavioral determinants of sexual risk behaviors, which may lead to STDs/STIs.

Abstract: Background: There has always been an asking question with obstetricians and health staff whether delivery mode can affects child intelligence. This study was conducted to compare the intelligence quotient (IQ) of pre-school aged children delivered by cesarean section (C.S) and spontaneous vaginal delivery (S.V.D) in Minia city. Aim of the study: to determine effect of mode of delivery on children IQ at pre-school age in Minia city. Materials and Methods: structured interviewing sheet including: Socio-demographic data such as (mother's age, level of education, etc), obstetrical history including (Number of deliveries, duration of labor, etc), Child history including (gestational age of the child/ week, birth weight / Kg, etc). And "Good enough & Harries" intelligence test were used. Design: Cross sectional descriptive research design. Setting: data were collected from Nursery schools in Minia City. Sampling: Three hundreds children were included in this study; they were divided into two groups (150 children delivered by S.V.D and 150 children delivered by C.S). Results: The study results revealed that there are no statistically significant differences between children IQ scores based on mode of delivery at (P 0.05). On the other hand by using other advanced statistical technique called "stepwise regression" having the ability to determine variables which can predict the children IQ, in this study it was found that we can predict children IQ through three variables which are: S.V.D that was related to higher IQ scores, mother's age and number of deliveries in a direct negative relation at (P 0.05). Conclusion & recommendations: Based on our findings, the association between cesarean deliveries with better cognitive development in children cannot be supported. Key words :Mode of delivery, IQ Intelligence Quotient

Abstract : Hydrotherapy is an effective, alternative intervention that can be used by care providers as a nonpharmacological pain relief method to help laboring women cope with labor. A wide variety of pain relief measures are available to women in labor. This study assessed nurses' knowledge about the use of hydrotherapy as a nonpharmacologic pain-relief techniques during labor and identify the barriers of hydrotherapy to be used in Women's Health Center, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. Descriptive study design was utilized in this study. Subjects and methods included all nurses who work in obstetrics department, Women's Health Center, Assiut University Hospitals were included in the study. They are all 120 nurses. This study provides nurses knowledge of the state of hydrotherapy among and the science of the effects of hydrotherapy with labor and delivery. The physiologic mechanism, benefits, practice implications, and barriers of the use of hydrotherapy during labor all are assessed by the nurses during implementation of this study through a structured self administrative questionnaire. Results of This study provides nurses knowledge about using hydrotherapy during labor. They showed that approximately three quarter (73.3%) of the participant nurses' knowledge were adequate , while (26.7) of nurses had inadequate knowledge about the use of hydrotherapy in labor. Nurses encounter that hospital policy(100%) followed by environmental factors(52%) are the major barriers to the use of hydrotherapy in labor. Effort required for hydrotherapy(48%) and human resources (41%) are indicated to be equivalent barrier of the use of hydrotherapy in labor. Their knowledge represented (26.7%) and not considered to be a major contributing barrier to the use of hydrotherapy during labor. We concluded that providing hydrotherapy requires a supportive environment, adequate nursing staffing , applied polices and collaborative relationships among the health care team.

Abstract : Hydrotherapy is an effective, alternative intervention that can be used by care providers as a nonpharmacological pain relief method to help laboring women cope with labor. A wide variety of pain relief measures are available to women in labor. This study assessed nurses' knowledge about the use of hydrotherapy as a nonpharmacologic pain-relief techniques during labor and identify the barriers of hydrotherapy to be used in Women's Health Center, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. Descriptive study design was utilized in this study. Subjects and methods included all nurses who work in obstetrics department, Women's Health Center, Assiut University Hospitals were included in the study. They are all 120 nurses. This study provides nurses knowledge of the state of hydrotherapy among and the science of the effects of hydrotherapy with labor and delivery. The physiologic mechanism, benefits, practice implications, and barriers of the use of hydrotherapy during labor all are assessed by the nurses during implementation of this study through a structured self administrative questionnaire. Results of This study provides nurses knowledge about using hydrotherapy during labor. They showed that approximately three quarter (73.3%) of the participant nurses' knowledge were adequate , while (26.7) of nurses had inadequate knowledge about the use of hydrotherapy in labor. Nurses encounter that hospital policy(100%) followed by environmental factors(52%) are the major barriers to the use of hydrotherapy in labor. Effort required for hydrotherapy(48%) and human resources (41%) are indicated to be equivalent barrier of the use of hydrotherapy in labor. Their knowledge represented (26.7%) and not considered to be a major contributing barrier to the use of hydrotherapy during labor. We concluded that providing hydrotherapy requires a supportive environment, adequate nursing staffing , applied polices and collaborative relationships among the health care team.

Abstract: Premenstrual syndrome is a common health problem affecting females and because of its cyclic occurrence it is postulated to have different effects on quality of life. Aim of this study was to assess the female employee knowledge and practice about premenstrual syndrome and its effect on daily life activities. Method and materials: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on one hundred and thirteen women. A specially designed self-administered questionnaire was developed which included socio-demographic data, obstetrical history, symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), source of information about PMS, its effect on daily life activities and work and management of premenstrual syndrome. Results: The study revealed that the mean age ± SD of the studied sample was (31.7 ± 9) years, (84.96%) of the studied samples were normal age of menarche, (61.95%) of the females were taken information about PMS from mothers, (63.72%) of the studied samples were had an effect on work. The most common reported physical symptom of PMS (79.64%) was backache while the most common reported Psychiatric symptom (76.99%) was worry. The measures practiced by the studied sample to overcome symptoms of PMS were (warm drinks, warm bathing, sports and activities, comfortable and rest period and medications).PMS symptoms was significantly more intense in the single female participants. Conclusion, PMS had an effect on work and daily life activities of female employee working in El- Minia University. Health education, appropriate medical treatment and counseling services, as part and parcel of the overall health service, should be provided to the affected female.