Healthy women will safeguard a healthy family, healthy population and healthy countries. This could be happen if we improve women’s health because women play a vital role in our societies. Cervical cancer considered a consequence, of the morbidity and the mortality which can extremely affect a woman’s quality of life. The aim of integration of cervical cancer screening in routine gynecologic care is to improve the detection of pre-cancer in earlier and easily treated stages. In conclusion this integration of cervical cancer screening services will provide an important opportunity to engage male partners to educate them, particularly in counties where men have the dominant role for health care decision.

Palliative Care (PC) education and awareness is considered by Saudi Arabia health care system, as a matter of high priority and understanding the experiences of intensive care nurses in providing care at the end of life , is an important first step for improving terminal care in the intensive care unit Objectives: to identify nurses’ attitude, knowledge and experiences on prioritizing palliative care and assess adequacy of the palliative care content in the undergraduate nursing curriculum from teaching members' perspectives. Methods: A cross sectional quantitative survey study was conducted on 100 nurses working in selected hospitals in Taif City and faculty members in Nursing Department, Taif University. Results: Above half of nurses had poor knowledge regarding palliative care, but most of them showed positive attitude regarding end -of-life care especially above diploma degree holders. While most of the content of End-Of-Life (EOL) care in nursing educational program was perceived by faculty members as inadequate and they agreed on the importance of EOL as a part of nursing curriculum. They also perceived that the greatest barriers for improving EOL care were "Inadequate content", "No special training for end of life", and "No special governmental hospital" Conclusions: most of nurse participants' highly prioritizing need for PC training. Where reviewing for the undergraduate nursing programs regarding PC and bridging the inadequacy are mandatory Recommendations: Attention should be given towards PC by the national health policy and incorporated in the national curriculum of nurse education and training.

Tobacco use is increasing among young people, especially in Gulf nations such as Saudi Arabia, and has been predicted to cause the deaths of 10 million per year by 2020 worldwide. Objectives: Identify student's awareness, attitude and smoking practice at Taif University, Saudi Arabia, and Compare medical with non-medical sciences students', awareness, attitudes, and practices of smoking at Taif University. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried among medical and non-medical sciences students Results: 900 students answered the questionnaire. The prevalence of smokers was 20% of the total sample, male represents 29.4% and female 11.4%. No statistical significant difference between medical and non-medical sciences students' awareness and positive attitude regard smoking. The main reasons of smoking among student are friends and medical sciences students more willing for quiet smoking than non-medical sciences students. Conclusions: no significant difference regard prevalence of smoking among medical and non-medical sciences students, believe that health professionals should receive specific training to quit smoking. Recommendation: The study revealed a critical need for integrating cessation counseling training into medical and non-medical sciences education, especially for adolescents, because this stage is critical and adolescents are more vulnerable to many negative behaviors including smoking behaviors.

Aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) and direct observation methods of assessment among nursing Students. Subject and methods :Twenty four nursing students,2nd year-Apply medical Science-Taif university, KSA were included in the study. Two tools were used to collect data for the present study, first is, a structured self-administered questionnaire to collect data related psychological, cognitive, physiological and general effects of exams on students. Second, an observational Checklist was developed for each procedure to assess students' clinical performance. Pass is considered when at least 60% of marks obtained in both exam with direct observation and OSCE methods .Results of the present study revealed that statistically significant differences were found between clinical exams using the direct observation and OSCE methods related to physiological and general effects. No statistically significant differences were found between clinical exams using the direct observation and OSCE methods related to psychological and cognitive effects as well as students' clinical achievements. The present study concluded that general effect of exam on students were better when using OSCE than the direct observation assessment method. The present study recommended that OSCE should be used as a method of assessment the clinical achievement for nursing students and further studies should be done in this area.

Aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) and direct observation methods of assessment among nursing Students. Subject and methods :Twenty four nursing students,2nd year-Apply medical Science-Taif university, KSA were included in the study. Two tools were used to collect data for the present study, first is, a structured self-administered questionnaire to collect data related psychological, cognitive, physiological and general effects of exams on students. Second, an observational Checklist was developed for each procedure to assess students' clinical performance. Pass is considered when at least 60% of marks obtained in both exam with direct observation and OSCE methods .Results of the present study revealed that statistically significant differences were found between clinical exams using the direct observation and OSCE methods related to physiological and general effects. No statistically significant differences were found between clinical exams using the direct observation and OSCE methods related to psychological and cognitive effects as well as students' clinical achievements. The present study concluded that general effect of exam on students were better when using OSCE than the direct observation assessment method. The present study recommended that OSCE should be used as a method of assessment the clinical achievement for nursing students and further studies should be done in this area.

Abstract: Tobacco use is increasing among young people, especially in Gulf nations such as Saudi Arabia, and has been predicted to cause the deaths of 10 million per year by 2020 worldwide. Objectives: Identify student's awareness, attitude and smoking practice at Taif University, Saudi Arabia, and Compare medical with non-medical sciences students', awareness, attitudes, and practices of smoking at Taif University. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried among medical and non-medical sciences students Results: 900 students answered the questionnaire. The prevalence of smokers was 20% of the total sample, male represents 29.4% and female 11.4%. No statistical significant difference between medical and non-medical sciences students' awareness and positive attitude regard smoking. The main reasons of smoking among student are friends and medical sciences students more willing for quiet smoking than non-medical sciences students. Conclusions: no significant difference regard prevalence of smoking among medical and non-medical sciences students, believe that health professionals should receive specific training to quit smoking. Recommendation: The study revealed a critical need for integrating cessation counseling training into medical and non-medical sciences education, especially for adolescents, because this stage is critical and adolescents are more vulnerable to many negative behaviors including smoking behaviors.

Background:- Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc (PID) is a major cause of disability in developing countries. Aims: The study aimed to investigate the awareness of disc prolapse (DP) among people in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design:-Descriptive cross section study was conducted in different areas in Taif(Taif University, schools, Mall and hospitals)during the period from September to December 2015. Methods and Material:- Thisstudy was done to a sample of 1034 people living in Taif were selected randomly at different areas. A structured questionnaire was designed for data collection by researchers based up on review of literature. It includes 4 parts:The socio-demographic data, Knowledge and awareness about risk factors of (DP), Knowledge of participant about diagnosis of (DP) and Knowledge of participants about protection from (DP). Results:-The sample distributed to 716 (69.2%) male and 318 (30.8) female with common age group 18-28 years by percentage (52.8%), most of participant were Saudi 972 (94.0%) and Universal and education level(60.2%), the married and employee participant represent (51.8%), (50.1%) respectively with office occupation type. Most of sample haven't complaining of (DP) with percentage (81.4%) and (53.8%) of participant have no family history, (66.5%) of participant heard about (DP) and most of them have an information about the risk factors of (DP) with highest percentage (81.6%) regard diagnosis of (DP) most of participant answer MRI is the best modality for diagnosis of (DP) by percentage (61.5%) . Also, statistical significant difference between participants complaining of (DP), risk factors and demographic data P:≤0.05. Conclusions:- most of participant haven't complaining of (DP), have no family history, have good knowledge about risk factors and lack of information about diagnosis and protection from (DP).

The risk of mobile communications has become a critical issue and creates an importance for studying negative health effect of exposure for mobile phones. Objectives: Describe physical complains associated with using mobile phones, determine the potential of mobile phones to harbor microorganisms in the environments and evaluate its role in their transmission from the mobile phone to personals‟ hands. Methods: Crosses sectional quantitative survey study was conducted 442 participants were included,54.5% were students while 45.5% were employees in Taif University from September to December 2015,.Two instruments were used, for the demographic characteristics, information about health hazards with mobile device use and culture swab from participant's mobile devices and their hands. Results: Most of mobile users in both frequency and numbers of phones was female, Although that most of participants has good knowledge and awareness about cell phone health hazard, more than half of the participants had poor practices regarding protection of themselves against cell phone health hazards, 45 % of all cell phones were contaminated with bacteria while 33% of participants'' hands were contaminated Recommendations: Health education about mobile communications safety through mass media and in the nursing and medical curriculum with E-learning revolution and mobile application are becoming inevitable.

Background: The role of pain education is well established in improving knowledge and attitude towards the adherence to pain asses s-ment and management. Methods: A brief pain education program was delivered to assess nurses' knowledge and attitude towards pain assessment and manage-ment. The "KASRP" scale was used at three phases; pre, post, and three months' follow-up phases. Subsequent eight months observation on using pain assessment sheets was also performed. Results: One hundred and four nurses were assessed at the beginning, followed by 92 at the immediate post -test, and 70 at the follow-up. Although nurses scored lowest in having knowledge and attitudes prior to the program, a significant improvement was evident after de-livering pain education. In addition, nurses' competency in pain assessment was maintained over the three months of assessment. Young-er nurses with shorter clinical experience were found more reactive to the program than older nurses. Conclusions: A brief nurse-driven pain education has improved nurses' knowledge and attitude towards pain management .

Background: Healthcare workers are exposed to a range of factors related to diseases as well as infectious organisms. They are also ex-posed to needlestick injuries (NSIs) due to a lack of common and un-certain reporting system. The NSIs are a potential hazard for healthcare workers that were recognized as a serious risk factor for transmitting diseases by exposure to needlesticks contaminated with blood-borne pathogens. Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and occurrence of NSIs and determinants in nursing care in selected hospitals in Jordan. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. It was conducted in 2 types of Jordanian hospitals: governmental and private. A total of 210 Jordanian nurses were recruited to participate in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included demographic variables, NSIs during work, and causes. Results: Results showed that the mean (SD) age of participants was 32.4 (7.21) years. Approximately 67% of the participants had less than 5 years of experience. Most of the participants (75.5%) had an NSI. Sixty-one percent did not attend any training program about infection control; 12.2% had a positive immune status (Hepatitis B surface anti-gen, anti-Hepatitis C virus, and anti-human immunodef iciency virus), and 48% did not know it. More than half of the injuries (53%) to nurses occurred during recapping of a needle. Forty-seven percent of injured nurses did not report the injury to anyone. Approximately half of the nurses (48%) did not report (NSIs) to anyone, do not want to admit NSI to a supervisor, and were not concerned about NSI either. Conclusions: The frequency of NSIs among nursing care workers is high, and reporting is low. It needs to be further investigated. Special in-terventions such as in-service training of nurses on infection control mea-sures, standardized treatment after exposure, and follow-up are necessary.