Domestic violence is a devastating social and human rights problem that has significant and enduring effects upon school age children, threatening both their health and emotional wellbeing. Exposure to violence may take a variety of forms; physical, emotional, psychological, financial or sexual. A close relationship has been documented between low self-esteem and domestic violence. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between domestic violence and self -esteem of school age children in Assiutcity. A cross–sectional descriptivedesign was used in this study .The study was carried out in (4) primary schools in Assiut city (Unified University Primary school and El-Wehda El-Arabia Primary school)as urban areas and (Omar bin Abdul Aziz primaryschoolof El-Walydia and El- NahdaPrimary school of El-Walydia) as rural areas whichwere selected randomly to constitute Assiut city .The study sample consisted of 1000 school age children, 250 from each setting. There were no inclusivecriteria .Data were collected during the period from the beginning of February 2012 to the end of May 2012 through using thefollowing tools : 1) - An interview questionnaire sheet which developed by the researcher2)- Domestic violence Scale and 3)- Self- esteem scale for children which adopted from El- Himady ,(2004)And El-Ganady ,(2011) respectivelyand used to collect the necessary data .Results of this study revealed thatthe mean age of the studied children was11.43 ±1.02 , 51 % were males, while 49%were females. (15.4%) of them had domestic and more than one fifth (20.6%) had low self-esteem. Statistically significant differences were found between domestic violence and low self-esteem (P= 0.001) ,between parents socio-demographic data and domestic violence and also with scores of self-esteem .Concluded that domestic violence experienced more in males than females school age children leading to low self-esteem among them and that less than one fifth (15.4 %) of studied school age children in Assiutcity had domestic violence and more than one fifth (20.6%) of them had low self-esteem score and affected by all items of socio-demographic data of their parents while there is no significant relationship was found between studied children sex and their self-esteem. Recommended that early teaching of children about self-esteem is a critical need in order to help prevent domestic violence in future generations.

The cement industry is one of the most vital industries for the Egyptian economy, and occupational injuries constitute a major health problem for the working population. Burn injuries in the cement industry are among the main causes of economic loss to the country. This retrospective study of the period from 1991 to 1995 was conducted throughout the year 1995. The aims of the work were to determine the incidence and causes of burn accidents and the financial loss due to absence from work and to the cost of treatment and to define primary preventive measures against this type of burn. The mean annual number of factory workers in the 5-yr period period was 3200. The total number of burn accidents was 155. Most of the burn accidents occurred in the production department. The commonest cause of burn was contact with hot clinker or cement powder. The ankles and feet were the commonest parts of the body to be affected by burn, followed by the hands and wrists, and the head and neck. The total number of working days lost due to burns over the five years was 4776, with a mean of 31.0 ± 30.8 days per case. Despite the lack of specific training programmes and insufficient protective measures, the decreasing incidence of burn accidents towards the end of the period of study is a good sign that the factory authorities have become more aware of the importance of reducing the number of these catastrophic accidents.

The cement industry is one of the most vital industries for the Egyptian economy, and occupational injuries constitute a major health problem for the working population. Burn injuries in the cement industry are among the main causes of economic loss to the country. This retrospective study of the period from 1991 to 1995 was conducted throughout the year 1995. The aims of the work were to determine the incidence and causes of burn accidents and the financial loss due to absence from work and to the cost of treatment and to define primary preventive measures against this type of burn. The mean annual number of factory workers in the 5-yr period period was 3200. The total number of burn accidents was 155. Most of the burn accidents occurred in the production department. The commonest cause of burn was contact with hot clinker or cement powder. The ankles and feet were the commonest parts of the body to be affected by burn, followed by the hands and wrists, and the head and neck. The total number of working days lost due to burns over the five years was 4776, with a mean of 31.0 ± 30.8 days per case. Despite the lack of specific training programmes and insufficient protective measures, the decreasing incidence of burn accidents towards the end of the period of study is a good sign that the factory authorities have become more aware of the importance of reducing the number of these catastrophic accidents.

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BACKGROUND: Uncorrected refractive errors are a public health problem especially among school children. It has a direct effect on learning and academic performance. AIMS OF THE STUDY: This study aims to assess the refractive errors among a representative sample of school children under ten in Assiut City, Egypt and to manage the discovered cases early. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Descriptive cross sectional study design was used. The students of primary schools in the first, second and third grades under ten years old were the focus of the study and they were selected by stratified random sampling technique. The calculated sample size was 196. Two tools were used in the study; the first one was a self administered questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data as child age, birth order, father's and mother's education and occupation, family history of wearing glasses, watching TV or using computer etc. The second tool was the eye examination by a Portable Auto-refractometer which has the advantages of accuracy, easy examination, being movable everywhere and provide printable eye status report. An eye examination record was used to register data about student's name, age. Data collection started from the first of March 2012 until the end of April 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS soft program version 16. RESULTS: 241 students (107 males and 134 females) participated in the study but 142 only agreed to perform eye examination with 59% response rate. Ninety-five children (66.9%) had a significant refractive error of ±0.50 or worse in one or both eyes. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Significant refractive errors occur among primary school children aged 6 to 10 years. Therefore, there is a need to have regular and simple vision testing in primary school children to screen for refractive errors. This will enable to start corrective measures at the early stage and decrease visual disability.

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