Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a major health problem that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Critical care nurses are the key players in the prevention of DVT and its complications. They are in the ideal position to asses' patient risk factors early and ask for DVT prophylaxis. Therefore, the current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of implementing nursing guidelines on the occurrence of DVT in critically ill patients. This study was carried out in four critical care unites in Assuit University Hospitals. The sample of this study consisted of 60patiens divided into two groups G1 (control group) 30 patients and G2 (interventional group) 30 patients. Two tools were used in this study. Tool one "Patient’s assessment for DVT" it consisted of four parts, part I which included the patient’s Profile, Part II that included the risk factors, part III which consisted of special biological factors and therapeutic modalities in the ICU. Part IV that included "Preventive measures check lists for Prevention of DVT" done by the critical care nurses for the control group. Tool two: "DVT evaluation sheet" it consisted of three parts part I "DVT manifestations" and part II "laboratory tests" and part III "Doppler Ultrasound findings" Finding of the current study revealed that low incidence of DVT in the global sample, only two patients experienced DVT in the control group, and none of the interventional group experienced DVT. The preventive measures of DVT done by the critical care nurses for the control group using non pharmacological and mechanical methods were not adequately performed. It was observed that all the studied patients of control group did not were the elastic stocking, while small proportion of this group performed leg exercises, changed their position, did deep breathing, and coughing exercises, and transfer on the chair. It was observed that, most of the studied patients experienced low percent of DVT manifestations with no statistical significant difference between the both groups. The present study reveals also that nearly half of the studied patients were in moderate & high risk grad for DVT in the both groups it was recommended that provide training program to update critical care nurses' knowledge and skills about DVT preventive measures. Repeat this research on a large sample size and in multi centers for generalization.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a major health problem that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Critical care nurses are the key players in the prevention of DVT and its complications. They are in the ideal position to asses' patient risk factors early and ask for DVT prophylaxis. Therefore, the current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of implementing nursing guidelines on the occurrence of DVT in critically ill patients. This study was carried out in four critical care unites in Assuit University Hospitals. The sample of this study consisted of 60patiens divided into two groups G1 (control group) 30 patients and G2 (interventional group) 30 patients. Two tools were used in this study. Tool one "Patient’s assessment for DVT" it consisted of four parts, part I which included the patient’s Profile, Part II that included the risk factors, part III which consisted of special biological factors and therapeutic modalities in the ICU. Part IV that included "Preventive measures check lists for Prevention of DVT" done by the critical care nurses for the control group. Tool two: "DVT evaluation sheet" it consisted of three parts part I "DVT manifestations" and part II "laboratory tests" and part III "Doppler Ultrasound findings" Finding of the current study revealed that low incidence of DVT in the global sample, only two patients experienced DVT in the control group, and none of the interventional group experienced DVT. The preventive measures of DVT done by the critical care nurses for the control group using non pharmacological and mechanical methods were not adequately performed. It was observed that all the studied patients of control group did not were the elastic stocking, while small proportion of this group performed leg exercises, changed their position, did deep breathing, and coughing exercises, and transfer on the chair. It was observed that, most of the studied patients experienced low percent of DVT manifestations with no statistical significant difference between the both groups. The present study reveals also that nearly half of the studied patients were in moderate & high risk grad for DVT in the both groups it was recommended that provide training program to update critical care nurses' knowledge and skills about DVT preventive measures. Repeat this research on a large sample size and in multi centers for generalization.

Nutrition support can result in improved wound healing, a decreased catabolic response to injury, enhanced immune system function, improved gastrointestinal structure and function, and improved clinical outcomes). The appropriately and timely nutritional intervention can improve patient recovery and survival, decrease complication rates, and decrease costs. Gastrointestinal complications (vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal distension) are most commonly associated with complications derived from enteral feeding. Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the effect of the intermittent enteral feeding schedule on the occurrence of gastrointestinal complications and the length of the hospital stay among critically ill patients at Assiut University Hospitals. Design: a quasi-experimental design. Setting: trauma ICU at Assiut University Hospitals and the study took approximately one year started from July 2010 till July 2011. Patients: A convenience sample of 80 adults' critically ill patients on enteral feeding constituted the study sample. The patients were assigned randomly into two equal groups (control group and study group, 40 patients each).. Methods: The only manipulation was in the rest period and time interval in which the study group subjects were rested 8hours at night as compared to 6hours for the control ones, as well study group subjects were having 4hours time interval between each two consecutive feeding as compared to 2hours for control group subjects. Results: There was a significant statistical difference between both groups (p=0.000)indicating lesser hospital stay among study group subjects (52.5 % of the study group subjects were hospitalized less than one month as compared to 35 % of the control group subjects were stayed between 30 to less than 45 days). It was also found that, 57.5% of control group patients developed gastrointestinal complications as compared to 45% of the study group patients (n.s). Conclusion: intermittent 4-hour enteral feeding schedule had lowered the incidence of gastrointestinal complication and length of the hospital stay.

ABSTRACT Although it is a normal process, menstruation is often accompanied by minor or sometimes major problems, like dysmenorrhea and irregularities. Health care professionals have an important role, as health educators and counselors, to provide adolescent girls with information about the normal menstrual cycle and menstruation. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of menstrual irregularities among nursing students faculty of nursing, Assiut University,& their associated knowledge, and the factors affecting it. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A systematic random sample of 215 students was recruited from all four years of the faculty of nursing, Assiut University. This sample size was calculated to estimate a prevalence of any irregularity . The mean age of students was 18.9±0,9 years. Most of the girls had their menarche at 12 to 15 years age. The period of menstrual flow from 4 to 6 days for (80.0%) of student, and (70.2%) had regular menses from its start., while only ( 26.5 %) had irregular menses , (73.7%) of them don’t take any action about this irregularities. As regard the knowledge related to menstruation it was very low, also it was found only (6.5%) of them had total satisfactory knowledg about menstruation. Also it was found that students whose educated mother had acorrect or satisfactory knowledge (78.6%) compared by un educated mother with a moderate statistical significant p=0.025..The present study was concluded that nursing students’ knowledge related to menstruation and menstrual irregularities is slightely deficient. It is recommended that the preparation of nursing students as future educators and counselors in this health issue should be given more attention.

ABSTRACT Although it is a normal process, menstruation is often accompanied by minor or sometimes major problems, like dysmenorrhea and irregularities. Health care professionals have an important role, as health educators and counselors, to provide adolescent girls with information about the normal menstrual cycle and menstruation. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of menstrual irregularities among nursing students faculty of nursing, Assiut University,& their associated knowledge, and the factors affecting it. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A systematic random sample of 215 students was recruited from all four years of the faculty of nursing, Assiut University. This sample size was calculated to estimate a prevalence of any irregularity . The mean age of students was 18.9±0,9 years. Most of the girls had their menarche at 12 to 15 years age. The period of menstrual flow from 4 to 6 days for (80.0%) of student, and (70.2%) had regular menses from its start., while only ( 26.5 %) had irregular menses , (73.7%) of them don’t take any action about this irregularities. As regard the knowledge related to menstruation it was very low, also it was found only (6.5%) of them had total satisfactory knowledg about menstruation. Also it was found that students whose educated mother had acorrect or satisfactory knowledge (78.6%) compared by un educated mother with a moderate statistical significant p=0.025..The present study was concluded that nursing students’ knowledge related to menstruation and menstrual irregularities is slightely deficient. It is recommended that the preparation of nursing students as future educators and counselors in this health issue should be given more attention.

ABSTRACT Although it is a normal process, menstruation is often accompanied by minor or sometimes major problems, like dysmenorrhea and irregularities. Health care professionals have an important role, as health educators and counselors, to provide adolescent girls with information about the normal menstrual cycle and menstruation. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of menstrual irregularities among nursing students faculty of nursing, Assiut University,& their associated knowledge, and the factors affecting it. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A systematic random sample of 215 students was recruited from all four years of the faculty of nursing, Assiut University. This sample size was calculated to estimate a prevalence of any irregularity . The mean age of students was 18.9±0,9 years. Most of the girls had their menarche at 12 to 15 years age. The period of menstrual flow from 4 to 6 days for (80.0%) of student, and (70.2%) had regular menses from its start., while only ( 26.5 %) had irregular menses , (73.7%) of them don’t take any action about this irregularities. As regard the knowledge related to menstruation it was very low, also it was found only (6.5%) of them had total satisfactory knowledg about menstruation. Also it was found that students whose educated mother had acorrect or satisfactory knowledge (78.6%) compared by un educated mother with a moderate statistical significant p=0.025..The present study was concluded that nursing students’ knowledge related to menstruation and menstrual irregularities is slightely deficient. It is recommended that the preparation of nursing students as future educators and counselors in this health issue should be given more attention.

ABSTRACT ---------------- Expectations and the actual breastfeeding experience differed among women planning to combination feed and those planning to exclusively breastfeed. Whether a cause or consequence daily human milk substitute feeding was associated with negative breast feeding outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of the type of delivery on successful breastfeeding .A sample of 80 women’s ( 40 women’s had normal delivery and the other 40 had cesarean section delivery). It was conducted at both out patient clinics ( post-partum and healthy baby )of Assiut University Hospital during the period from the first of May to the end of July 2003. Each mother interviewed individually to collect data using special interview sheet which included (demographic data, obstetric history, newborn data and data about breast feeding ). The results showed that the majority ( 75%) of mothers with vaginal delivery nursed their babies normally compared to (85%) of those with CS. who nursed their babies artificially. Regarding method of normal breastfeeding, it was found that ( 42.5%) of those with normal delivery nursed their babies as baby demand compared to only ( 15%) of those with CS.women. The majority (85%)of normal delivery women started external formula after 6 months compared to ( 55 %) of those with CS. delivery .As regard causing of starting external formula, it was found that nearly half ( 47.5 %) of CS. women start external formula early due to decreased production of milk and only(2.5%)due to maternal disease .About duration of breast feeding , results revealed that more than half ( 55%) of normal delivery women had successful breast feeding ( more than 6 month ) compared to only ( 15%) of CS. Women; with highly significant difference between both groups. The study shows also statistically significant difference between male and female newborns related to type of feeding .The present study recommended that increasing the level of awareness and knowledge of mother regarding breast feeding during antenatal period through mother classes. booklets and TV mass media lead to successful breast feeding.

ABSTRACT ---------------- Expectations and the actual breastfeeding experience differed among women planning to combination feed and those planning to exclusively breastfeed. Whether a cause or consequence daily human milk substitute feeding was associated with negative breast feeding outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of the type of delivery on successful breastfeeding .A sample of 80 women’s ( 40 women’s had normal delivery and the other 40 had cesarean section delivery). It was conducted at both out patient clinics ( post-partum and healthy baby )of Assiut University Hospital during the period from the first of May to the end of July 2003. Each mother interviewed individually to collect data using special interview sheet which included (demographic data, obstetric history, newborn data and data about breast feeding ). The results showed that the majority ( 75%) of mothers with vaginal delivery nursed their babies normally compared to (85%) of those with CS. who nursed their babies artificially. Regarding method of normal breastfeeding, it was found that ( 42.5%) of those with normal delivery nursed their babies as baby demand compared to only ( 15%) of those with CS.women. The majority (85%)of normal delivery women started external formula after 6 months compared to ( 55 %) of those with CS. delivery .As regard causing of starting external formula, it was found that nearly half ( 47.5 %) of CS. women start external formula early due to decreased production of milk and only(2.5%)due to maternal disease .About duration of breast feeding , results revealed that more than half ( 55%) of normal delivery women had successful breast feeding ( more than 6 month ) compared to only ( 15%) of CS. Women; with highly significant difference between both groups. The study shows also statistically significant difference between male and female newborns related to type of feeding .The present study recommended that increasing the level of awareness and knowledge of mother regarding breast feeding during antenatal period through mother classes. booklets and TV mass media lead to successful breast feeding.

Abstract: Food safety is an important part of public health that links health to agriculture and other food production sectors. For over a century, developments in food production and new control philosophies have contributed to food safety systems in most developed countries to be efficient in the prevention of food borne diseases. Seniors are at particular risk of food borne illnesses because of their weaken immune systems, decrease in stomach acidity and intestinal peristalsis, increase in the use of antibiotics and antacids drugs. The aim: The study aimed to assess the knowledge of the elderly people and their caregivers about food safety. The present study was carried out at Assiut city (urban) and Assiut district (rural) in Assiut governorate. Design: descriptive cross sectional research design. The subjects were 10% of the total number of the elderly people from every area was selected who aged 60 years and above and their caregivers involved in the study who available during the time of data collection. The total number of the studied subjects of the elderly was 720 (340 from urban and 380 from rural areas) and their caregivers (135 subjects). The results: The results revealed that (44.1%) of the urban and (52.1%) the rural elderly in addition to the majority of the urban caregivers (80%) and less than one fifth of the rural caregivers (17%) referred to the house wife as responsible for food safety, the majority of both the urban elderly (85.0%) and their caregivers (88.6%) and (62.4%) of the rural elderly and (69.0%) from their caregivers identify the presence of different diseases caused by contaminated food. Conclusion: the studied subjects from both the elderly and their caregivers had a lack of knowledge regarding the responsibility of food safety, the non-recommended food for the elderly, using of food engineering, pesticide residue elimination from the food.

Abstract: Food safety is an important part of public health that links health to agriculture and other food production sectors. For over a century, developments in food production and new control philosophies have contributed to food safety systems in most developed countries to be efficient in the prevention of food borne diseases. Seniors are at particular risk of food borne illnesses because of their weaken immune systems, decrease in stomach acidity and intestinal peristalsis, increase in the use of antibiotics and antacids drugs. The aim: The study aimed to assess the knowledge of the elderly people and their caregivers about food safety. The present study was carried out at Assiut city (urban) and Assiut district (rural) in Assiut governorate. Design: descriptive cross sectional research design. The subjects were 10% of the total number of the elderly people from every area was selected who aged 60 years and above and their caregivers involved in the study who available during the time of data collection. The total number of the studied subjects of the elderly was 720 (340 from urban and 380 from rural areas) and their caregivers (135 subjects). The results: The results revealed that (44.1%) of the urban and (52.1%) the rural elderly in addition to the majority of the urban caregivers (80%) and less than one fifth of the rural caregivers (17%) referred to the house wife as responsible for food safety, the majority of both the urban elderly (85.0%) and their caregivers (88.6%) and (62.4%) of the rural elderly and (69.0%) from their caregivers identify the presence of different diseases caused by contaminated food. Conclusion: the studied subjects from both the elderly and their caregivers had a lack of knowledge regarding the responsibility of food safety, the non-recommended food for the elderly, using of food engineering, pesticide residue elimination from the food.