Objectives: Smoking among university students represents a formidable and global public health challenge. We assessed the associations between socio-demographic, health and wellbeing variables as independent variables, with daily smoking, attempts to quit smoking, and agreement with smoking ban as dependent variables. Methods: A sample of 3258 undergraduate students from eleven faculties at Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, completed a general health questionnaire. Results: Overall daily or occasional smoking in last three months prior to the survey was about 9% (8% occasional and 1% daily smokers), and smoking was generally more prevalent among males (male=17%, female=0.6%, P 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, not having normal BMI and having a mother who completed at least bachelor’s degree education was positively associated with daily smoking, and conversely, no history of illicit drug use was a protective factor. About 76% of smokers had attempted to quit smoking within the last 12 months prior to the survey. Although a large proportion of students agreed/ strongly agreed with the banning of smoking at university altogether (87%), such agreement was less likely among smokers. Conclusion: There is need for implementation of non-smoking policies on university premises, as well as regular up-to-date information on, and the periodic/yearly monitoring of tobacco use by university students employing standardised data collection instruments and reference periods. In addition, it would be valuable to develop campus-based educational/ awareness campaigns designed to counteract tobacco advertisement directed towards young people in Middle East countries. Otherwise, the danger could be that the current relatively low smoking prevalence among university students may escalate in the future.

Objectives: Smoking among university students represents a formidable and global public health challenge. We assessed the associations between socio-demographic, health and wellbeing variables as independent variables, with daily smoking, attempts to quit smoking, and agreement with smoking ban as dependent variables. Methods: A sample of 3258 undergraduate students from eleven faculties at Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, completed a general health questionnaire. Results: Overall daily or occasional smoking in last three months prior to the survey was about 9% (8% occasional and 1% daily smokers), and smoking was generally more prevalent among males (male=17%, female=0.6%, P 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, not having normal BMI and having a mother who completed at least bachelor’s degree education was positively associated with daily smoking, and conversely, no history of illicit drug use was a protective factor. About 76% of smokers had attempted to quit smoking within the last 12 months prior to the survey. Although a large proportion of students agreed/ strongly agreed with the banning of smoking at university altogether (87%), such agreement was less likely among smokers. Conclusion: There is need for implementation of non-smoking policies on university premises, as well as regular up-to-date information on, and the periodic/yearly monitoring of tobacco use by university students employing standardised data collection instruments and reference periods. In addition, it would be valuable to develop campus-based educational/ awareness campaigns designed to counteract tobacco advertisement directed towards young people in Middle East countries. Otherwise, the danger could be that the current relatively low smoking prevalence among university students may escalate in the future.

Objectives: Smoking among university students represents a formidable and global public health challenge. We assessed the associations between socio-demographic, health and wellbeing variables as independent variables, with daily smoking, attempts to quit smoking, and agreement with smoking ban as dependent variables. Methods: A sample of 3258 undergraduate students from eleven faculties at Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, completed a general health questionnaire. Results: Overall daily or occasional smoking in last three months prior to the survey was about 9% (8% occasional and 1% daily smokers), and smoking was generally more prevalent among males (male=17%, female=0.6%, P 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, not having normal BMI and having a mother who completed at least bachelor’s degree education was positively associated with daily smoking, and conversely, no history of illicit drug use was a protective factor. About 76% of smokers had attempted to quit smoking within the last 12 months prior to the survey. Although a large proportion of students agreed/ strongly agreed with the banning of smoking at university altogether (87%), such agreement was less likely among smokers. Conclusion: There is need for implementation of non-smoking policies on university premises, as well as regular up-to-date information on, and the periodic/yearly monitoring of tobacco use by university students employing standardised data collection instruments and reference periods. In addition, it would be valuable to develop campus-based educational/ awareness campaigns designed to counteract tobacco advertisement directed towards young people in Middle East countries. Otherwise, the danger could be that the current relatively low smoking prevalence among university students may escalate in the future.

refers to union of individuals having a common ancestor or marriage between a man and woman related by blood. The most common form of consanguineous union contracted is between first cousins. The Aim of the Study: To assess university students' knowledge and attitude regarding consanguineous, because consanguineous are widely practiced among Arabs. Subjects and Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Assiut University dorms. The sample included 650 females and 350 males according to proportional distri-bution of both sex in Assiut University dorms in academic year 2011. Data were collected by using personal interview structured questionnaire include socio-demographic charac-teristics (age, sex education, family size and income), knowl-edge of students about the consanguinity, and attitude about it. Results: 52.8% of studied students their age ranged from 17 to less than 20 years with the mean age of students 19.4±1.4. More than one third (35.0%) of University students were males. As regarding students' religion the majority (93.1%) of studied sample were Moslems. 71.9% of the students had poor knowledge about consanguinity. While more than three quarter (75.8%) of the students had positive attitude toward consanguinity marriage. Conclusion and Recommendations: There was a significant difference between student's sex and their knowledge and attitudes toward consanguinity marriage. The adolescent and youth should educate about the problems and consequences of the consanguineous through educational program in different grads focus on premarital care. Key Words: Consanguineous — Premarital — Student.

refers to union of individuals having a common ancestor or marriage between a man and woman related by blood. The most common form of consanguineous union contracted is between first cousins. The Aim of the Study: To assess university students' knowledge and attitude regarding consanguineous, because consanguineous are widely practiced among Arabs. Subjects and Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Assiut University dorms. The sample included 650 females and 350 males according to proportional distri-bution of both sex in Assiut University dorms in academic year 2011. Data were collected by using personal interview structured questionnaire include socio-demographic charac-teristics (age, sex education, family size and income), knowl-edge of students about the consanguinity, and attitude about it. Results: 52.8% of studied students their age ranged from 17 to less than 20 years with the mean age of students 19.4±1.4. More than one third (35.0%) of University students were males. As regarding students' religion the majority (93.1%) of studied sample were Moslems. 71.9% of the students had poor knowledge about consanguinity. While more than three quarter (75.8%) of the students had positive attitude toward consanguinity marriage. Conclusion and Recommendations: There was a significant difference between student's sex and their knowledge and attitudes toward consanguinity marriage. The adolescent and youth should educate about the problems and consequences of the consanguineous through educational program in different grads focus on premarital care. Key Words: Consanguineous — Premarital — Student.

refers to union of individuals having a common ancestor or marriage between a man and woman related by blood. The most common form of consanguineous union contracted is between first cousins. The Aim of the Study: To assess university students' knowledge and attitude regarding consanguineous, because consanguineous are widely practiced among Arabs. Subjects and Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Assiut University dorms. The sample included 650 females and 350 males according to proportional distri-bution of both sex in Assiut University dorms in academic year 2011. Data were collected by using personal interview structured questionnaire include socio-demographic charac-teristics (age, sex education, family size and income), knowl-edge of students about the consanguinity, and attitude about it. Results: 52.8% of studied students their age ranged from 17 to less than 20 years with the mean age of students 19.4±1.4. More than one third (35.0%) of University students were males. As regarding students' religion the majority (93.1%) of studied sample were Moslems. 71.9% of the students had poor knowledge about consanguinity. While more than three quarter (75.8%) of the students had positive attitude toward consanguinity marriage. Conclusion and Recommendations: There was a significant difference between student's sex and their knowledge and attitudes toward consanguinity marriage. The adolescent and youth should educate about the problems and consequences of the consanguineous through educational program in different grads focus on premarital care. Key Words: Consanguineous — Premarital — Student.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of illness and death worldwide, particularly in low and middle income countries. TB is an airborne bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis organism, it is a primarily affects on the lungs, although other organs and tissues may be involved. Almost one third of the world population, are infected with TB. In 2010 over 9.2 million people have active TB disease, worldwide. Aim: The study was carried out with the aim to assess knowledge and attitude of TB patients and their family's disease. Setting: This study was carried out in 3 districts with their villages were chosen randomly (Mania city- Beni-mazar & Mallawy)from Minia governorate. A cross sectional research design was used in this study. the period of data collection took 5 months from (February to June 2012). Sample: The total number of study samples was 125 out of 220 TB patients. Besides 173 family caregivers personnel's from the three districts. Tools: The investigators need two tools for data collection; tool (1): To assess knowledge of TB patient and their family caregiver members about TB, it included 3 parts and tool (2): A rating scale used to assess attitude of patient and their family caregiver members about TB disease. The results revealed that; nearly a half of TB patients were in the age group 20-40 years, but for family caregivers personnel in age group 40-60 years. The mean age average of patients and they family caregivers was34.8±13.7, and 38.8±13.9 respectively. More than a half of the patients were females and more than a half of them were of poor knowledge. While more than one fifth of male had good knowledge. And there was no statistically significant difference. But the relations between the patient' Knowledge of TB disease and they' gender, education, & occupation were high statistically significant differences. Conclusions; 1)The majority of TB. patient had poor knowledge, more than a half of the family caregivers had poor knowledge. 2)More than three quarter of patient and their family caregivers had negative attitudes about the disease. Recommendations: 1)-Increasing the areas of NTBP implementation to include general hospitals and private clinics that is essential. 2)-Continuous training of the health care providers to upgrade their scientific knowledge that is vital for teaching patients. 3)-Designing health educational Programmers to increase patients' awareness of the disease. This is crucial for infection control. 4)-Widespread public health education campaigns are required to decrease stigmatization and discrimination associated with TB

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