ABSTRACT
Moniezia infection, caused by cestodes of the genus Moniezia, poses a significant parasitic challenge within bovine populations globally, particularly impacting cattle health and productivity in Egypt. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of Moniezia infection in Egyptian cattle, integrating epidemiological data with microscopic and pathological analyses. A cohort of 700 cattle from the New Valley Governorate was assessed over one year, with 260 (37.2%) cases of helminth infections confirmed. Factors such as season, age, and study location significantly influenced infection rates, with the highest rates observed in winter, among calves under one year, and in the Al-Farfra and Baris regions. Gender did not significantly affect infection rates. Microscopic examination identified two species, Moniezia denticulata and Moniezia benedeni, with prevalence rates of 22.9 % and 14.3%, respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed severe inflammatory reactions in the intestinal tissues of infected cattle. These findings underscore the need for targeted control strategies, incorporating improved veterinary services and farmer education, to manage Moniezia infections effectively in Egypt.
Keywords: Moniezia denticulata, Moniezia benedeni, Intestinal cestodes, Morphological analysis, Histopathology, Risk factors.

ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate the diversity of zooplankton including rotifers and
cyclops in the various freshwater ecosystems in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Rotifers can
affect the prevalence of different protozoan organisms in water, such as Cryptosporidium
species. Cyclops act as intermediate host of some helminthic parasites. Microscopic analysis
of the collected samples identified 3 rotifer genera and one copepod in different freshwater
supplies including poultry farms, animal farms, human tanks, and fish farms. In the present
study, 59 out of 136 (43.3%) water samples were contaminated with plankton. Poultry
freshwater showed the highest plankton diversity and prevalence with 29 samples (21.3%),
whereas the least prevalence was in human drinking water, 3 (2.2%). In the fishpond, Cyclops
were observed in 3 (2.2%) of total samples. The prevalence of rotifers and Cyclops is strongly
related to the summer season. Our results enrich the diversity of zooplankton in different
freshwater supplies as a bioindicator of water pollution.
Keywords: Zooplankton; water supplies; Assiut and Rotifers.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of patency of the pedal arch (PA) on wound healing rate and time, amputation-free survival (AFS), limb salvage, and limb-based patency (LBP) in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients undergoing endovascular revascularization of infrainguinal arterial lesions.
Methods: This prospective study included all CLTI patients presented with wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIFI) stages 2-4 (WIFI ischemia grades 2-3) who underwent endovascular revascularization of infrainguinal arterial disease between April 2019 and April 2021. Pedal angioplasty was attempted in all patients with significant steno-occlusive pedal artery disease. Patients were stratified according to Kawarada PA types. Successful pedal arch revascularization (PAR) was counted when at least one pedal vessel is patent. Wound healing rate and time, and Kaplan-Meier estimate of AFS and LBP at 2 years were evaluated and compared among the patient groups.
Results: A total of 120 patients were categorized according to PA type into type1 (n=34, 28.3%), type 2 (n=64, 53.3%), and type 3 (n=22, 18.3%). Pedal angioplasty was attempted in 97 patients and was technically successful in 75 (77.3%) patients. Successful PAR (with or without pedal angioplasty) was achieved in 98 patients (81.7%). During the follow-up, successful PAR resulted in better wound healing rate (86.7% vs 59.1%, P = 0.007), major amputation rates (5.1% vs 40.9%, P=<0.001), and AFS (92.9% vs. 72.7%; P=0.018) compared to unsuccessful PAR. There were no significant differences between the two groups in wound healing time (3.76 months ± 1.99 vs 3.64 ± 1.94, P=0.798, respectively) or LBP (80.6% vs 72.7%, P=0.594, respectively). GLASS stage (OR, 6.84; 95% CI: 1.30-36.03, P = 0.023) and unsuccessful PAR (OR, 21.64; 95% CI: 4.01-116.69, P = <0.001) were independently associated with failure of wound healing, while site of wound lesion (OR, 5.52; 95% CI: 1.15-26.48, P=0.033), GLASS stage (OR, 24.93; 95% CI: 2.84-218.69, P=0.004), and unsuccessful PAR (OR, 22.44; 95% CI: 3.53-142.67, P=0.001) were significant predictors of major amputation.
Conclusion
Successful PAR is important for improving clinical outcomes of endovascular revascularization of CLTI patients such as wound healing, amputation-free survival, and limb salvage. Predictors of limb salvage were site of foot lesion, GLASS staging, and successful PAR, while GLASS staging and successful PAR were independently associated with improved wound healing.
 
Keywords: Critical limb-threatening ischemia, pedal artery, endovascular procedures
amputation, survival, prognosis

Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the effect of patency of the pedal arch (PA) on wound healing rate and time, amputation-free survival (AFS), limb salvage, and limb-based patency (LBP) in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients undergoing endovascular revascularization of infrainguinal arterial lesions.
Methods: This prospective study included all CLTI patients presented with wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIFI) stages 2-4 (WIFI ischemia grades 2-3) who underwent endovascular revascularization of infrainguinal arterial disease between April 2019 and April 2021. Pedal angioplasty was attempted in all patients with significant steno-occlusive pedal artery disease. Patients were stratified according to Kawarada PA types. Successful pedal arch revascularization (PAR) was counted when at least one pedal vessel is patent. Wound healing rate and time, and Kaplan-Meier estimate of AFS and LBP at 2 years were evaluated and compared among the patient groups.

Results: A total of 120 patients were categorized according to PA type into type1 (n=34, 28.3%), type 2 (n=64, 53.3%), and type 3 (n=22, 18.3%). Pedal angioplasty was attempted in 97 patients and was technically successful in 75 (77.3%) patients. Successful PAR (with or without pedal angioplasty) was achieved in 98 patients (81.7%). During the follow-up, successful PAR resulted in better wound healing rate (86.7% vs 59.1%, P = 0.007), major amputation rates (5.1% vs 40.9%, P=<0.001), and AFS (92.9% vs. 72.7%; P=0.018) compared to unsuccessful PAR. There were no significant differences between the two groups in wound healing time (3.76 months ± 1.99 vs 3.64 ± 1.94, P=0.798, respectively) or LBP (80.6% vs 72.7%, P=0.594, respectively). GLASS stage (OR, 6.84; 95% CI: 1.30-36.03, P = 0.023) and unsuccessful PAR (OR, 21.64; 95% CI: 4.01-116.69, P = <0.001) were independently associated with failure of wound healing, while site of wound lesion (OR, 5.52; 95% CI: 1.15-26.48, P=0.033), GLASS stage (OR, 24.93; 95% CI: 2.84-218.69, P=0.004), and unsuccessful PAR (OR, 22.44; 95% CI: 3.53-142.67, P=0.001) were significant predictors of major amputation.
Conclusion
Successful PAR is important for improving clinical outcomes of endovascular revascularization of CLTI patients such as wound healing, amputation-free survival, and limb salvage. Predictors of limb salvage were site of foot lesion, GLASS staging, and successful PAR, while GLASS staging and successful PAR were independently associated with improved wound healing.
 
Keywords: Critical limb-threatening ischemia, pedal artery, endovascular procedures
amputation, survival, prognosis.

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women; in Egypt it affects 37.7% of all women and accounts for 29.1% of their cancer-related mortality. Cyclin D1 protein overexpression is found in up to 50% of breast cancers. The aim of this study is to study the correlations between cyclin D1 level and stages of breast cancer (TNM staging) and to study the correlations between cyclin D1 and routine markers used in breast cancer [cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)]. This study was performed on 80 female breast cancer patients. Ten healthy women served as controls. The patients were referred from the Assiut University Hospital and South Egypt Cancer Institute. None of the healthy women in the control group had elevated cyclin D1 level above the cutoff value. Elevated levels of cyclin D1 was detected in 80, 90, 95, and 100% of patients in groups II, III, IV, and V, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between cyclin D1 positivity with CEA and CA15-3 concentrations. The combination of CA15-3, CEA, and cyclin D1 resulted in the highest sensitivity (95.2%), highest specificity (100%), and highest diagnostic accuracy (96%). The cyclin D1 level in samples obtained from Egyptian women with breast cancer is a good marker for the detection of breast cancer, and in the detection of metastasis as it correlates with the clinical staging of the disease. A combination of CA15-3, CEA, and cyclin D1 may be used as a panel for the diagnosis of metastasis among those patients.