The association equilibria of HQ and HQ–coordinated with some transition metal cations such as: Al(III), Ca(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions were studied using potentiometric technique. The association constant (Ka) of HQ was calculated from the average number of protons attached per repeating unit in the HQ (nA) at different pH values. This value of pKa which formed was found to be 6.75.The titration curves revealed that the metal ion replaces protons and coordinates to HQ. In addition, the use of such titration curves could be computed of the formation constants (log b) of the different species exist at equilibrium. The formation constant (log b) for different molar ratios of species such as 1 : 2, 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 for metal : 8-quilonol, in solution were computed and the results were discussed. The value of ń and PL for the metal ions under investigation were calculated at different pH values. The Formation Constant (log b) of the coordinated 8-quilonol based on HQ–Metal ion were computed using ń– PL system. Mathematical calculations of differential change of ń (Dń) gave a sharp signal for calculations of formation constant. From ń there are partial formation constant (log b2, log b3, log b4and log b5) which indicate to the protonation degree. The analyses of potentiometric data helped us to determine each value of the formation constant and/or partial formation constant for the metal ions such as: Al(III), Ca(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Mg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) coordinated with 8- Hydroxyquinoline.

The association equilibria of PHQ and PHQ–coordinated with some transition metal cations such as: Al(III), Ca(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions were studied using potentiometric technique. The association constant (Ka) of PHQ was calculated from the average number of protons attached per repeating unit in the PHQ matrix (nA) at different pH values. This value of pKa which formed was found to be 7.75. The titration curves revealed that the metal ion replaces protons and coordinates to the polymer matrix. In addition, the use of such titration curves could be computed of the formation constants (log ) of the different species exist at equilibrium. The formation constant (log ) for different molar ratios of species such as 1 : 2, 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 for metal : polymer matrix, in solution were computed and the results were discussed. The value of and PL for the metal ions under investigation were calculated at different pH values. The Formation Constant (log ) of the coordinated polymer based on PHQ–Metal ion were computed using – PL system. Mathematical calculations of differential change of ( ) gave a sharp signal for calculations of formation constant. From there are partial formation constant ( log 1, log 2 and log 3 ) which indicate to the protonation degree. The analyses of potentiometric data helped us to determine each value of the formation constant and/or partial formation constant for the metal ions such as: Al(III), Ca(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Mg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) coordinated with PHQ matrix .

8-Hydroxyquinoline, HQ, or poly(8-hydroxyquinoline), PHQ, was immobilized on the activated silica gel for extractive concentration of metal ions. FTIR was used to prove the result caused by the immobilization of PHQ on the surface of functionalized silica gel. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) prove that Si–PHQ–Cu is more highly thermally stable and strongly adsorbed water than Si–PHQ. Spectra of the solution produced from substrate of PHQ immobilized on silica gel showed record peak at 305 nm was which was maximized at pH 7.2± 0.1 of the universal buffer solution. By the addition of Cu(II) ion solution, a peak at 380 nm was appeared corresponding to formation of HQ–Cu(II) coordinated complex. Spectra of 100 mg of substrate (Si–HQ, Si–PHQ, or Si–Cu) at pH 7.2±0.1 universal buffer solution was recorded, solutions of metal ions were added, after contact time, filtrate, dissolve the solid precipitate in pure ethanol and record the spectra of this solution. A peak at 380 nm appeared corresponding to HQ–Cu(II) complex. The capacity of Si–HQ for extraction of Cu(II) ion was 10 mmol/g. Immobilization of Cu(II) metal ion on silica gel (Si–Cu) was studied. The maximum amount of HQ that can be extracted was 7 mmol/g. In the case of Fe(III) ion on Si–HQ, new two peaks appeared at 580 and 455 nm. The capacity of Si–HQ for extraction of Fe(III) ion was 20 mmol/g. Addition of Cu(II) on Si–PHQ, a new peak at 380 nm was appeared corresponding to PHQ–Cu(II) coordinated complex. The capacity of Si–PHQ for extraction of Cu(II) ion was 40 mmol/g. While, Si–Cu can extract PHQ, the maximum amount of PHQ that can be extracted was 20 mmol/g. Spectra of Fe(III) ion on Si–PHQ was recorded, new two peaks were appeared at 580 and 455 nm corresponding to the formation ofPHQ–Fe(III). The capacity of Si–PHQfor extraction of Fe(III) ion was 40 mmol/g. PHQ immobilized on silica gel was useful for removal of Iron from the sytron syrup (anti-anemic).

Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) has been widely used as an effective treatment of anovulatory women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, there has been a growing concern over a possible damaging effect of this procedure on ovarian reserve. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that LOD compromises ovarian reserve as measured by post-operative changes in circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). This meta-analysis included all cohort studies as well as randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating serum AMH concentrations and other ovarian reserve markers in women with PCOS undergoing LOD. Various databases were searched including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Dynamed Plus, ScienceDirect, TRIP database, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Library from January 2000 to December 2016. Sixty studies were identified, of which seven were deemed eligible for this review. AMH data were extracted from each study and entered into the RevMan software to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) between pre- and post-operative values. Pooled analysis of all studies (n = 442) revealed a statistically significant decline in serum AMH concentration after LOD (WMD −2.13 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.97 to −1.30). Subgroup analysis based on duration of follow-up, AMH kit, laterality of surgery and amount of energy applied during LOD consistently showed a statistically significant fall in serum AMH concentration. In conclusion, although LOD seems to markedly reduce circulating AMH, it remains uncertain whether this reflects a real damage to ovarian reserve or normalisation of the high pre-operative serum AMH levels. Further long-term studies on ovarian reserve after LOD are required to address this uncertainty.

Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) has been widely used as an effective treatment of anovulatory women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, there has been a growing concern over a possible damaging effect of this procedure on ovarian reserve. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that LOD compromises ovarian reserve as measured by post-operative changes in circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). This meta-analysis included all cohort studies as well as randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating serum AMH concentrations and other ovarian reserve markers in women with PCOS undergoing LOD. Various databases were searched including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Dynamed Plus, ScienceDirect, TRIP database, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Library from January 2000 to December 2016. Sixty studies were identified, of which seven were deemed eligible for this review. AMH data were extracted from each study and entered into the RevMan software to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) between pre- and post-operative values. Pooled analysis of all studies (n = 442) revealed a statistically significant decline in serum AMH concentration after LOD (WMD −2.13 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.97 to −1.30). Subgroup analysis based on duration of follow-up, AMH kit, laterality of surgery and amount of energy applied during LOD consistently showed a statistically significant fall in serum AMH concentration. In conclusion, although LOD seems to markedly reduce circulating AMH, it remains uncertain whether this reflects a real damage to ovarian reserve or normalisation of the high pre-operative serum AMH levels. Further long-term studies on ovarian reserve after LOD are required to address this uncertainty.

Introduction. Although there has been a growing concern over the possible damaging effect of salpingectomy on ovarian reserve, this issue remains uncertain. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to test the hypothesis that salpingectomy may compromise ovarian reserve. Material and methods. A detailed search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, Dynamed Plus, ScienceDirect, TRIP database and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to November 2016. All cohort, cross-sectional and randomized controlled studies investigating changes in circulating anti-M€ullerian hormone (AMH) after salpingectomy were considered. Thirty-seven studies were identified, of which eight were eligible. Data were extracted and entered into REVMAN software for calculation of the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI. Two groups of studies were analyzed separately: group 1 (six studies, n = 464) comparing data before and after salpingectomy and group 2 (two studies) comparing data in women who have undergone salpingectomy (n = 169) vs. healthy controls (n = 154). Results. Pooled results of group 1 studies showed no statistically significant change in serum AMH concentration after salpingectomy (WMD,
0.10 ng/mL; 95% CI
0.19 to 0.00, I2 = 0%). Similarly, meta-analysis of group 2 showed no statistically significant difference in serum AMH concentration between salpingectomy group and controls (WMD,
0.11 ng/ mL; 95% CI
0.37 to 0.14, I2 = 77%). Subgroup analyses based on laterality of surgery, type of AMH kit and participants’ age (40 years) still showed no statistically significant changes in circulating AMH. Conclusion. Salpingectomy does not seem to compromise ovarian reserve in the short-term. However, the long-term effect of salpingectomy on ovarian reserve remains uncertain. Abbreviations: AFC, antral follicle count; AMH, anti-M€ullerian hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; IVF, in vitro fertilization; RCT, randomized controlled trial; WMD, weighted mean difference.

Introduction. Although there has been a growing concern over the possible damaging effect of salpingectomy on ovarian reserve, this issue remains uncertain. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to test the hypothesis that salpingectomy may compromise ovarian reserve. Material and methods. A detailed search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, Dynamed Plus, ScienceDirect, TRIP database and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to November 2016. All cohort, cross-sectional and randomized controlled studies investigating changes in circulating anti-M€ullerian hormone (AMH) after salpingectomy were considered. Thirty-seven studies were identified, of which eight were eligible. Data were extracted and entered into REVMAN software for calculation of the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI. Two groups of studies were analyzed separately: group 1 (six studies, n = 464) comparing data before and after salpingectomy and group 2 (two studies) comparing data in women who have undergone salpingectomy (n = 169) vs. healthy controls (n = 154). Results. Pooled results of group 1 studies showed no statistically significant change in serum AMH concentration after salpingectomy (WMD,
0.10 ng/mL; 95% CI
0.19 to 0.00, I2 = 0%). Similarly, meta-analysis of group 2 showed no statistically significant difference in serum AMH concentration between salpingectomy group and controls (WMD,
0.11 ng/ mL; 95% CI
0.37 to 0.14, I2 = 77%). Subgroup analyses based on laterality of surgery, type of AMH kit and participants’ age (40 years) still showed no statistically significant changes in circulating AMH. Conclusion. Salpingectomy does not seem to compromise ovarian reserve in the short-term. However, the long-term effect of salpingectomy on ovarian reserve remains uncertain. Abbreviations: AFC, antral follicle count; AMH, anti-M€ullerian hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; IVF, in vitro fertilization; RCT, randomized controlled trial; WMD, weighted mean difference.

Introduction. Although there has been a growing concern over the possible damaging effect of salpingectomy on ovarian reserve, this issue remains uncertain. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to test the hypothesis that salpingectomy may compromise ovarian reserve. Material and methods. A detailed search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, Dynamed Plus, ScienceDirect, TRIP database and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to November 2016. All cohort, cross-sectional and randomized controlled studies investigating changes in circulating anti-M€ullerian hormone (AMH) after salpingectomy were considered. Thirty-seven studies were identified, of which eight were eligible. Data were extracted and entered into REVMAN software for calculation of the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI. Two groups of studies were analyzed separately: group 1 (six studies, n = 464) comparing data before and after salpingectomy and group 2 (two studies) comparing data in women who have undergone salpingectomy (n = 169) vs. healthy controls (n = 154). Results. Pooled results of group 1 studies showed no statistically significant change in serum AMH concentration after salpingectomy (WMD,
0.10 ng/mL; 95% CI
0.19 to 0.00, I2 = 0%). Similarly, meta-analysis of group 2 showed no statistically significant difference in serum AMH concentration between salpingectomy group and controls (WMD,
0.11 ng/ mL; 95% CI
0.37 to 0.14, I2 = 77%). Subgroup analyses based on laterality of surgery, type of AMH kit and participants’ age (40 years) still showed no statistically significant changes in circulating AMH. Conclusion. Salpingectomy does not seem to compromise ovarian reserve in the short-term. However, the long-term effect of salpingectomy on ovarian reserve remains uncertain. Abbreviations: AFC, antral follicle count; AMH, anti-M€ullerian hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; IVF, in vitro fertilization; RCT, randomized controlled trial; WMD, weighted mean difference.

Introduction: The association between anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and cardiac disease in the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported in various clinical trials. However, the correlation between these auto-antibodies and right ventricular (RV) function has been inadequately investigated. Objective: The present study investigated the possible correlation of the plasma anticardiolipin antibodies, as a marker of autoimmune phenomenon, with RV functions, assessed by right ventricular speckle tracking, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus independent of significant pulmonary hypertension, systolic dysfunction or valvular disease. Methods: Forty-six SLE patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in our study and submitted thorough history, complete clinical examination then clinical scoring according to SLEDAI-2K score and then laboratory investigations particularly plasma anticardiolipin Ig_G or Ig_M antibodies. Then echocardiography was done to assess cardiac dimensions, left ventricular systolic functions, right ventricular functions and lastly speckle tracking for assessment of the right ventricular systolic strain. Results: Most of the study patients were young adult females with long-standing SLE (mean = 26 ± 3.1). All study patients had a high clinical SLE score (>6). All patients were normotensives and non-diabetics. No significant correlation was found between anticardiolipin titre and left ventricular dimensions or systolic functions. Significant negative correlation was found between RV strain and plasma level of both anticardiolipin Ig_M and Ig_G. Conclusion: The present study identified that with the use of 2D speckle tracking in patients with SLE, right ventricular systolic function was significantly diminished with rising plasma titre of autoimmune (Ig_G or Ig_M) antibodies independent of cardiovascular risk factors.

Introduction: The association between anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and cardiac disease in the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported in various clinical trials. However, the correlation between these auto-antibodies and right ventricular (RV) function has been inadequately investigated. Objective: The present study investigated the possible correlation of the plasma anticardiolipin antibodies, as a marker of autoimmune phenomenon, with RV functions, assessed by right ventricular speckle tracking, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus independent of significant pulmonary hypertension, systolic dysfunction or valvular disease. Methods: Forty-six SLE patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in our study and submitted thorough history, complete clinical examination then clinical scoring according to SLEDAI-2K score and then laboratory investigations particularly plasma anticardiolipin Ig_G or Ig_M antibodies. Then echocardiography was done to assess cardiac dimensions, left ventricular systolic functions, right ventricular functions and lastly speckle tracking for assessment of the right ventricular systolic strain. Results: Most of the study patients were young adult females with long-standing SLE (mean = 26 ± 3.1). All study patients had a high clinical SLE score (>6). All patients were normotensives and non-diabetics. No significant correlation was found between anticardiolipin titre and left ventricular dimensions or systolic functions. Significant negative correlation was found between RV strain and plasma level of both anticardiolipin Ig_M and Ig_G. Conclusion: The present study identified that with the use of 2D speckle tracking in patients with SLE, right ventricular systolic function was significantly diminished with rising plasma titre of autoimmune (Ig_G or Ig_M) antibodies independent of cardiovascular risk factors.