Evaluating the performance of rejuvenated asphalt mixes is crucial for pavement design and construction, as using a rejuvenator not only boosts recycling and contributes to positive effects on the environment but also increases the sensitivity to rutting and moisture. This study was executed to evaluate the effect of a warm mix asphalt (WMA) antistripping agent, namely nano-ZycoTherm, on the moisture-induced damage and rutting potential of asphalt mixtures containing 30% and 60% aged (RAP) binder and rejuvenated with 12%  waste engine oil (WEO). For this purpose, the rutting resistance of asphalt mixes in wet and dry conditions was  examined utilizing a loaded wheel tracker. In addition, the impacts of moisture on the performance of the mixtures were evaluated using different experiments, such as modified Lottman (AASHTO T283), resilient  modulus, dynamic creep, aggregate coating and wheel tracking tests. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)  spectroscopy and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis were performed to identify the functional groups, which  would be significant in terms of moisture damage, and to assess the thermal stability of binder  samples, respectively. The results revealed that the rejuvenation of aged binder with WEO increases  the moisture susceptibility of the mixtures; however, the addition of ZycoTherm was found to enhance the  moisture resistance of WEO-rejuvenated mixtures. Furthermore, the results indicated that the WEO-rejuvenated  mixtures modified with ZycoTherm exhibited a better rutting resistance in a wet condition compared to that of  WEO-rejuvenated and conventional HMA mixtures. However, the rejuvenated mixtures modified with ZycoTherm  showed poorer rutting performance in a dry condition. In summary, the adoption of the WMA antistripping agent,  RAP binder and WEO rejuvenation techniques demonstrated satisfactory outcomes in terms of rutting resistance  and moisture susceptibility, and also, these techniques are much less expensive to implement.

The geometry of weirs is a prime factor influencing hydraulic performance and accuracy. One of the geometric components of weirs, is the situation of its top corners, are they sharp or rounded, and what is the most suitable radius of such rounding curves? The present study was conducted to examine the effect of using five different radius of curvature for both the upstream and downstream top corners of a clear over-fall weir on its hydraulic performance and accuracy. Eleven models of wooden weirs were shaped and prepared with five different
values of rounding curvature. The prepared weir models were located in a laboratory tilting flume of 13.50 m length, 0.30 m width, and 0.30 m depth. The study was carried out in the Irrigation and Hydraulic Laboratory of the Civil Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Egypt. A discharge ranging from 2.0 to 22.0 dm3 s–1 was used, and through 66 experimental runs, all the necessary hydraulic parameters were measured, and recorded. The obtained data were tabulated, analyzed, plotted, and technically discussed. The main results
and obtained conclusions proved that when the front weir top edge is curved the discharge coefficient increases up to 8%. Also, when both front, and behind weir top edges are curved the discharge coefficient increases up to 14%. At the same time the discharge coefficient has a maximum value when the radius of curvature in upstream and downstream top corners equals 20% of the height of the weir.

Branching channel flow describes any side water withdrawals from rivers or main channels. Branching channels have widespread application in many practical projects, such as irrigation and drainage network systems, water and waste-water treatment plants, and many water resources projects. Therefore, in this research, a comprehensive analysis of laboratory data has been carried out to discover the best angle of branching. The study also aims to introduce simple, practical equations to help engineers of water resources to fix the percentage of discharge diverted to the branch channel. The study was carried out in the Irrigation and hydraulics laboratory of the civil department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University. The laboratory channel consisted of two parts, the main channel, and a branch channel. The main channel was 8.0 m in length, 20 cm wide, and 20 cm in depth. The division corner to the branch channel was sharp edged and located 5.0 m downstream of the main channel inlet. The branch channel was 3.0 m long, 20 cm in depth and its width was changed three times (10, 15, and 20 cm) respectively. A total of 84 runs were carried out. Investigations of the flow into the branching channel show that the branching discharge depends on many interlinked parameters. It increases with a decrease of the main channel flow velocity and the Froude number upstream of the branch channel junction. It also increases with an increase in the Yb / Yu ratio. In subcritical flow, water depth in the branch
channel is always lower than the main channel water depth. The flow diversion to the branch channel leads to a decrease in water depth downstream of the main channel. In addition, the study showed that the highest discharge rate was obtained when the angle of branching was equal to 45o and then an angle of 60o. While the lowest discharge rate was obtained at an angle of 90o. Furthermore, at Br = 1.0, using a branching angle equal to 45o the discharge ratio (Qr) increases from about 4.42 to 19.01%, more than that obtained with using the branching angle equal 90o, while the discharge ratio (Qr) increases from about 0.52 to 49.18% and 1.51 to 24.79%, at Br = 0.75, and Br = 0.5 respectively.

Whereas the irrigation water transmission open channel network in Egypt, is one of the largest and longest networks all over the world that dogged in permeable soil (about 33500 km in length). In a country that suffers greatly from an increasing shortage of limited available irrigation water quantities, ignoring the expected huge quantities of irrigation water losses through transport operations is a path of madness, to bridge the accelerated gap between what is required, and what is exist. Irrigation water conveyance losses include seepage, evaporation, and transpiration losses. Such losses are differentiated according to, type of soil, weather condition, and beneficiaries' traditions and behaviors. So, conducting field studies in various agricultural representative regions in Egypt, would be the most effective way for estimating the lost quantities of irrigation water all over the country through seepage, evaporation, and transportation basses. This way, decision-makers can use such acquired quantities for solving the problems of lack or non-arrival of irrigation water to the ends of some canals. In the present paper, the results of a field study carried out on one of the main irrigation canals in Assiut governorate in middle Egypt is introduced, as a case study represents the region of Middle Egypt area. The results of this field study in combination with similar studies conducted in various agricultural regions across Egypt, can provide the decision-makers with the needed documented data, on the basis of which, water resources can be managed at the state level in the way, that maximizes the return from the available limited water, for irrigation and contributes to solve some irrigation problems of the large deficit between the available and required of irrigation water. Almanna canal belongs to Abnoub Irrigation Engineering Administration in Assiut, was chosen to conduct the present field study as a representative open channel having specific properties from different technical points of view, soil type, weather condition, and the length with its off-taking canals. The used data in this research were collected from the field and through the official Ministry of water resources and irrigation authority in Assiut governorate. Results indicate that, the total loss of irrigation water from Almanna canal and its branches (79.90 Km length) reaches about 16.05 million cubic meters per month, which represent 23.90% of the actual discharges that give to the Almanna canal and its branches. The lost water through only seepage reaches about 15.95 million cubic meters per month, representing 99% of all lost irrigation water. While, the rate of increase in the evaporation losses at earthen sections more than the designed sections losses can be neglected. Thus, the lining of Almanna canal and its branches is the most effective solution for saving such a huge amount of water, and directed it to irrigate some newly reclaimed areas, in addition, to solve the problems of non-arrival of the irrigation water to the ends of some irrigation canals. At the same time, improving the environmental situation of the surrounding agricultural community.

In light of the current complex water situation in Egypt, scientists and researchers have to develop alternative plans to provide new quantities of water by paying attention to the constructions and tools that are used in distributing and controlling the flow in open channels. One of the most critical parameters in the analysis of diversion channel flow is the discharge ratio (Qr). It is the primary goal of this research to investigate the effect of changing the bed roughness of the main channel on the discharge of the branch channel (Qb). The bed roughness of the branch channel was kept constant (nb = 0.01), while for the main channel bed roughness was changed to five values (nm = 0.01, 0.016, 0.023, 0.033, and 0.04). The diversion angle of the branch channel was taken as (45˚), which gave a maximum (Qr) as recommended by some researchers. A discharge range from 4.88 to 17.14 L/sec was used, and 35 runs were conducted. From the analysis of the laboratory data, it was found that the discharge ratio (Qr) decreases as the total discharge through the main channel increases. While it increases with the increase of bed roughness ratios (nr). Moreover, at the bed roughness ratios (nr) ranged from 2.20 to 3.0, the difference in the discharge ratio (Qr) is no significant, for all discharge values passing through the main channel. Thus, maintaining a constant flow rate for the branched channel is considered one of the most essential factors in designing these channels, as it is vital in distributing water shares as percentages and in a consistent manner.