Research, in the field of studying the effect of orientation on the ambient temperature of residential buildings, is still in its early phases despite the leaps made by studies and experiments. Most climatic studies focused on studying residential buildings as to: orientation, building materials use, thermal behavior, etc. This was done by theoretical studies and few on-site measurements. Studying orientation of residential buildings by simulation is rare in the Arab world. The present generation of climatic design tools should rely more on digital presentation by computers, in order to aid designers make sound design decisions based on visible results. Thus, the computer carries out all calculations relieving designers from their heavy burden. Due to the scarce use of simulation software in the climatic assessment of residential buildings; the study aims at studying the effect of orientation on the thermal performance of spaces in residential buildings at New Assiut City, Egypt. To achieve this aim, the research is done by the analytical and applied methods, using the simulation software Thermal Analysis Software, from the climatic analysis of New Assiut City - as well as identifying the prevailing residential patterns, and detailed study of the selected residential building, identifying the software used, and analyzing the simulation results for ambient room temperatures of the cold and hot periods - for different orientations of the selected model. The research ends with a number of results and recommendations. Such results may be applied in hot desert areas.

Research, in the field of studying the effect of orientation on the ambient temperature of residential buildings, is still in its early phases despite the leaps made by studies and experiments. Most climatic studies focused on studying residential buildings as to: orientation, building materials use, thermal behavior, etc. This was done by theoretical studies and few on-site measurements. Studying orientation of residential buildings by simulation is rare in the Arab world. The present generation of climatic design tools should rely more on digital presentation by computers, in order to aid designers make sound design decisions based on visible results. Thus, the computer carries out all calculations relieving designers from their heavy burden. Due to the scarce use of simulation software in the climatic assessment of residential buildings; the study aims at studying the effect of orientation on the thermal performance of spaces in residential buildings at New Assiut City, Egypt. To achieve this aim, the research is done by the analytical and applied methods, using the simulation software Thermal Analysis Software, from the climatic analysis of New Assiut City - as well as identifying the prevailing residential patterns, and detailed study of the selected residential building, identifying the software used, and analyzing the simulation results for ambient room temperatures of the cold and hot periods - for different orientations of the selected model. The research ends with a number of results and recommendations. Such results may be applied in hot desert areas.

Research, in the field of studying the effect of orientation on the ambient temperature of residential buildings, is still in its early phases despite the leaps made by studies and experiments. Most climatic studies focused on studying residential buildings as to: orientation, building materials use, thermal behavior, etc. This was done by theoretical studies and few on-site measurements. Studying orientation of residential buildings by simulation is rare in the Arab world. The present generation of climatic design tools should rely more on digital presentation by computers, in order to aid designers make sound design decisions based on visible results. Thus, the computer carries out all calculations relieving designers from their heavy burden. Due to the scarce use of simulation software in the climatic assessment of residential buildings; the study aims at studying the effect of orientation on the thermal performance of spaces in residential buildings at New Assiut City, Egypt. To achieve this aim, the research is done by the analytical and applied methods, using the simulation software Thermal Analysis Software, from the climatic analysis of New Assiut City - as well as identifying the prevailing residential patterns, and detailed study of the selected residential building, identifying the software used, and analyzing the simulation results for ambient room temperatures of the cold and hot periods - for different orientations of the selected model. The research ends with a number of results and recommendations. Such results may be applied in hot desert areas.

Research, in the field of studying the effect of orientation on the ambient temperature of residential buildings, is still in its early phases despite the leaps made by studies and experiments. Most climatic studies focused on studying residential buildings as to: orientation, building materials use, thermal behavior, etc. This was done by theoretical studies and few on-site measurements. Studying orientation of residential buildings by simulation is rare in the Arab world. The present generation of climatic design tools should rely more on digital presentation by computers, in order to aid designers make sound design decisions based on visible results. Thus, the computer carries out all calculations relieving designers from their heavy burden. Due to the scarce use of simulation software in the climatic assessment of residential buildings; the study aims at studying the effect of orientation on the thermal performance of spaces in residential buildings at New Assiut City, Egypt. To achieve this aim, the research is done by the analytical and applied methods, using the simulation software Thermal Analysis Software, from the climatic analysis of New Assiut City - as well as identifying the prevailing residential patterns, and detailed study of the selected residential building, identifying the software used, and analyzing the simulation results for ambient room temperatures of the cold and hot periods - for different orientations of the selected model. The research ends with a number of results and recommendations. Such results may be applied in hot desert areas.

Wars and armed conflicts became a daily reality for many countries in the Arab world . In spite of this, the prevention strategy of disasters - especially wars- disabled- , Therefore, the effects of these conflicts are worsening day after day at all levels, Environmental, social, cultural, architectural and urban, War destroyed many heritage valued buildings, and plundering public and private property, it's a historical and humanitarian disaster. The architecture of today is the history of future. Therefore, this research aims to study the effects of wars upon architecture and inhabitances of Arab cities, By studying patterns of wars which theses countries may be exposed , and analyze the most important effects of wars upon architecture and inhabitances regarding some Arab cities . The research suggests a practical guide for the classification of these effects, and based on these results we can develop a data base for each key area and a facility in the after-war cities we choose – upon it- alternatives and methods of reconstruction which determines the applicable techniques and the expected Thus we can determine its priorities in the after war cites reconstruction process. This research has proved that the effects of war on the cities is not just a mere demolition and destruction, but lead to an imbalance in the movement of inhabitances thus the movement of history. Research has recommended the importance of architectural documentation of the cities and their components as well as the need to examine alternatives and proposals for the reconstruction process.

Wars and armed conflicts became a daily reality for many countries in the Arab world . In spite of this, the prevention strategy of disasters - especially wars- disabled- , Therefore, the effects of these conflicts are worsening day after day at all levels, Environmental, social, cultural, architectural and urban, War destroyed many heritage valued buildings, and plundering public and private property, it's a historical and humanitarian disaster. The architecture of today is the history of future. Therefore, this research aims to study the effects of wars upon architecture and inhabitances of Arab cities, By studying patterns of wars which theses countries may be exposed , and analyze the most important effects of wars upon architecture and inhabitances regarding some Arab cities . The research suggests a practical guide for the classification of these effects, and based on these results we can develop a data base for each key area and a facility in the after-war cities we choose – upon it- alternatives and methods of reconstruction which determines the applicable techniques and the expected Thus we can determine its priorities in the after war cites reconstruction process. This research has proved that the effects of war on the cities is not just a mere demolition and destruction, but lead to an imbalance in the movement of inhabitances thus the movement of history. Research has recommended the importance of architectural documentation of the cities and their components as well as the need to examine alternatives and proposals for the reconstruction process.

To promote and encourage the concept of green architecture, many organizations and bodies have agreed to establish building assessment standards and specifications. Today, many countries use green architecture assessment systems that were already developed by several countries. Some of the expected benefits of implementing assessment standards and specifications are: The move towards applying green building assessment systems in Egypt is a result of dealing with climate related issues. Inefficient energy use and natural resources management and ineffective management of liquid, gaseous, solid and agricultural wastes, as well as sanitary and irrigation water wastes, have a very serious negative impact on the environment that affects all sectors of the State. This necessitated the development of a national Egyptian Green Building Rating System to ensure the realization of our development objectives: to fulfill the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing those of the coming generations, to reduce energy consumption and minimizing costs in the construction sector, in addition to implementing different techniques and methodologies. This paper aims to introduce the green architecture assessment system in Egypt through introducing the Egyptian Green Building Council, the Green Pyramid Rating System [GPRS] and its assessment criteria. This is done in order to assessing this system through the principles of the other systems around the world.

To promote and encourage the concept of green architecture, many organizations and bodies have agreed to establish building assessment standards and specifications. Today, many countries use green architecture assessment systems that were already developed by several countries. Some of the expected benefits of implementing assessment standards and specifications are: The move towards applying green building assessment systems in Egypt is a result of dealing with climate related issues. Inefficient energy use and natural resources management and ineffective management of liquid, gaseous, solid and agricultural wastes, as well as sanitary and irrigation water wastes, have a very serious negative impact on the environment that affects all sectors of the State. This necessitated the development of a national Egyptian Green Building Rating System to ensure the realization of our development objectives: to fulfill the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing those of the coming generations, to reduce energy consumption and minimizing costs in the construction sector, in addition to implementing different techniques and methodologies. This paper aims to introduce the green architecture assessment system in Egypt through introducing the Egyptian Green Building Council, the Green Pyramid Rating System [GPRS] and its assessment criteria. This is done in order to assessing this system through the principles of the other systems around the world.