Using simulating models for internal combustion engine cycles is appreciable method for predicting the engines performance for saving the time and the effort. Fuel air ratio and gas variable specific heats are taken into account in the present work. Irreversibilities resulted from nonisentropic compression and expansion processes and heat loss through the cylinder wall are also taken into account in the present model. Finite difference method is applied for estimating the states through the heat addition process and compression and expansion strokes. Computer program is designed for the model includes all the above conditions and the cycle parameters. Experimental test was carried out on a single cylinder constant speed diesel engine to verify the obtained results using the present model. The obtained results show a good agreement with the corresponding data recorded from the experimental tests. Other Comparisons are done with the corresponding results of an actual engine model results which published for gasoline and diesel engines. The obtained results from the model show a good agreement with the corresponding data in researches. The effect of the cycle parameters (inlet air temperature, inlet air pressure, air fuel ratio, compression ratio, and compression and expansion efficiencies) on the power output and thermal efficiency are studied. It is shown that the power and thermal efficiency increase with the increase of compression and expansion efficiencies, inlet air pressure and compression ratio. For gasoline engine cycle the optimum value of compression ratio is around10 to be prevented from detonation, and for diesel the optimum value is around 20. With increasing air fuel ratio the power output increase then decrease and the thermal efficiency increases, so the optimum value of air fuel ratio for gasoline engine cycle is around 13 and for diesel around 15. With increasing the inlet air temperature the power output and thermal efficiency are decreased. The Specific Fuel Consumption decreases with increasing power for the two cycles. The benefit from the research is that optimum parameters for operating are predicted by the model. The obtained results would be more realistic and implemented on the performance evaluation of the internal combustion engine

Using simulating models for internal combustion engine cycles is appreciable method for predicting the engines performance for saving the time and the effort. Fuel air ratio and gas variable specific heats are taken into account in the present work. Irreversibilities resulted from nonisentropic compression and expansion processes and heat loss through the cylinder wall are also taken into account in the present model. Finite difference method is applied for estimating the states through the heat addition process and compression and expansion strokes. Computer program is designed for the model includes all the above conditions and the cycle parameters. Experimental test was carried out on a single cylinder constant speed diesel engine to verify the obtained results using the present model. The obtained results show a good agreement with the corresponding data recorded from the experimental tests. Other Comparisons are done with the corresponding results of an actual engine model results which published for gasoline and diesel engines. The obtained results from the model show a good agreement with the corresponding data in researches. The effect of the cycle parameters (inlet air temperature, inlet air pressure, air fuel ratio, compression ratio, and compression and expansion efficiencies) on the power output and thermal efficiency are studied. It is shown that the power and thermal efficiency increase with the increase of compression and expansion efficiencies, inlet air pressure and compression ratio. For gasoline engine cycle the optimum value of compression ratio is around10 to be prevented from detonation, and for diesel the optimum value is around 20. With increasing air fuel ratio the power output increase then decrease and the thermal efficiency increases, so the optimum value of air fuel ratio for gasoline engine cycle is around 13 and for diesel around 15. With increasing the inlet air temperature the power output and thermal efficiency are decreased. The Specific Fuel Consumption decreases with increasing power for the two cycles. The benefit from the research is that optimum parameters for operating are predicted by the model. The obtained results would be more realistic and implemented on the performance evaluation of the internal combustion engine

Using simulating models for internal combustion engine cycles is appreciable method for predicting the engines performance for saving the time and the effort. Fuel air ratio and gas variable specific heats are taken into account in the present work. Irreversibilities resulted from nonisentropic compression and expansion processes and heat loss through the cylinder wall are also taken into account in the present model. Finite difference method is applied for estimating the states through the heat addition process and compression and expansion strokes. Computer program is designed for the model includes all the above conditions and the cycle parameters. Experimental test was carried out on a single cylinder constant speed diesel engine to verify the obtained results using the present model. The obtained results show a good agreement with the corresponding data recorded from the experimental tests. Other Comparisons are done with the corresponding results of an actual engine model results which published for gasoline and diesel engines. The obtained results from the model show a good agreement with the corresponding data in researches. The effect of the cycle parameters (inlet air temperature, inlet air pressure, air fuel ratio, compression ratio, and compression and expansion efficiencies) on the power output and thermal efficiency are studied. It is shown that the power and thermal efficiency increase with the increase of compression and expansion efficiencies, inlet air pressure and compression ratio. For gasoline engine cycle the optimum value of compression ratio is around10 to be prevented from detonation, and for diesel the optimum value is around 20. With increasing air fuel ratio the power output increase then decrease and the thermal efficiency increases, so the optimum value of air fuel ratio for gasoline engine cycle is around 13 and for diesel around 15. With increasing the inlet air temperature the power output and thermal efficiency are decreased. The Specific Fuel Consumption decreases with increasing power for the two cycles. The benefit from the research is that optimum parameters for operating are predicted by the model. The obtained results would be more realistic and implemented on the performance evaluation of the internal combustion engine

The present work is aimed at developing thermal and electrical models which are capable of estimating the two dimensional thermal and electrical performance of a PV module under given meteorological conditions. The thermal modeling has been developed in COMSOL Multiphysics software environment and the electrical modeling has been carried out in PSIM software environment. The main objective of the electrical model is to investigate the I-V and P-V characteristics of an 80W thin film PV module with and without cooling at varying surface temperature and irradiation. In the thermal model, the dependence of module surface temperature, electrical efficiency, and thermal efficiency on water flow velocity is investigated. The results obtained from the proposed electrical and thermal models are validated experimentally. The results showed that the maximum electrical, thermal and net energy efficiency values of cooled PV module are 9.92%, 55.6%, and 65.4%, respectively. Variation of water flow velocity experiences no significant temperature change in the coolant water exiting the module and results in a slight change of both the module surface temperature and electrical efficiency.

The present work is aimed at developing thermal and electrical models which are capable of estimating the two dimensional thermal and electrical performance of a PV module under given meteorological conditions. The thermal modeling has been developed in COMSOL Multiphysics software environment and the electrical modeling has been carried out in PSIM software environment. The main objective of the electrical model is to investigate the I-V and P-V characteristics of an 80W thin film PV module with and without cooling at varying surface temperature and irradiation. In the thermal model, the dependence of module surface temperature, electrical efficiency, and thermal efficiency on water flow velocity is investigated. The results obtained from the proposed electrical and thermal models are validated experimentally. The results showed that the maximum electrical, thermal and net energy efficiency values of cooled PV module are 9.92%, 55.6%, and 65.4%, respectively. Variation of water flow velocity experiences no significant temperature change in the coolant water exiting the module and results in a slight change of both the module surface temperature and electrical efficiency.

tThis study investigated experimentally the performance due to automatic cooling and surface cleaningof Photovoltaic (PV) module installed on the roof of a building in hot arid area as compared with thatof a module without cooling and cleaning. The module cooling is controlled automatically according tothe rear side temperature via rejection of none-converted solar-energy to the ambient to keep the PVmodule surface temperature always close to the ambient temperature. In addition, this system controlsthe cleaning period of the module front surface. The results showed a decrease of about 45.5% and 39% inmodule temperature at front and rear faces, respectively. Consequently, the cooled and surface cleanedmodule has an efficiency of 11.7% against 9% for the module without cooling and cleaning. Moreover, themaximum output power produced by cooled and cleaned module is 89.4 W against 68.4 W for non-cooledand non-cleaned module.

tThis study investigated experimentally the performance due to automatic cooling and surface cleaningof Photovoltaic (PV) module installed on the roof of a building in hot arid area as compared with thatof a module without cooling and cleaning. The module cooling is controlled automatically according tothe rear side temperature via rejection of none-converted solar-energy to the ambient to keep the PVmodule surface temperature always close to the ambient temperature. In addition, this system controlsthe cleaning period of the module front surface. The results showed a decrease of about 45.5% and 39% inmodule temperature at front and rear faces, respectively. Consequently, the cooled and surface cleanedmodule has an efficiency of 11.7% against 9% for the module without cooling and cleaning. Moreover, themaximum output power produced by cooled and cleaned module is 89.4 W against 68.4 W for non-cooledand non-cleaned module.

Abstract - The objective of this paper is to present an assessment of cost for a fuel cell hydrogen vehicle (FCV) driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDC). A two leg directly coupled interleaved boost converter is used to power the motor from the fuel cell through a three-phase inverter. The power rating of vehicle motor is calculated and subsequently the rating of the fuel cell is determined. The cost of vehicle components including fuel cell stack, boost converter, brushless DC motor and hydrogen tank is estimated. The cost of FCV, the refueling cost, the market price and the efficiency of FCV are compared with those for internal combustion engine (ICE) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). CO2 emission from the conventional ICE and HEV vehicles as well as the CO2 tax are compared with the proposed zero-emission FCV.

Abstract - The objective of this paper is to present an assessment of cost for a fuel cell hydrogen vehicle (FCV) driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDC). A two leg directly coupled interleaved boost converter is used to power the motor from the fuel cell through a three-phase inverter. The power rating of vehicle motor is calculated and subsequently the rating of the fuel cell is determined. The cost of vehicle components including fuel cell stack, boost converter, brushless DC motor and hydrogen tank is estimated. The cost of FCV, the refueling cost, the market price and the efficiency of FCV are compared with those for internal combustion engine (ICE) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). CO2 emission from the conventional ICE and HEV vehicles as well as the CO2 tax are compared with the proposed zero-emission FCV.

Abstract - The objective of this paper is to develop a model for a fuel cell hydrogen vehicle driven by a brushless DC motor. A two leg directly coupled interleaved boost converter is used to power the motor from the fuel cell through a three-phase inverter. The studied system of the fuel-cell vehicle is designed and simulated using the commercial PSIM9 software. Due the presence of power converters, different harmonic components exist in the system, especially in the input voltage/current to the motor. The ripple contents of current and voltage at the fuel cell output and the motor input are estimated. An active power filter is designed in order to reduce the current and voltage harmonics of brushless DC motor. The instantaneous active and reactive current components id-iq control method is used in this study to lessen the harmonic contents at the input of the Brushless DC motor to the standard values.