Nine surface (0-30 cm) soil samples were collected based on their salinity levels fromEl-Dakhla oasis, New Valley, Egypt to investigate the effect of soil salinity level on phosphorus (P) forms. The soil samples were divided into two levels based on their content of soil salinity to non-saline samples (ECe4dS/m) and saline ones (ECe>4 dS/m). Seven fractions of soil P (resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po, HCl-P and Residual-P) were sequentially extracted from each soil sample using the modified Hedley method. The results indicated that relative to the total P, the mean percentages of resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po and residual-P fractions were higher in the saline soil samples (ECe>4 dS/m) than those of the non-saline ones(ECe4dS/m). On the other side, the mean level of HCl-P fraction was lower in the saline soil samples. So, soil salinity tends to motivate levels of labile P (resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po), NaOH-Po and residual-P to increase on the charge of reducing the HCl-P level. Significant positive correlations were recorded between the NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po fractions and the ECe, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, HCO3-,Cl-, SO4-2 and SARe of these soil samples.However,the NaHCO3-Po, HCl-P and residual P fractions were negatively correlated to the ECe, Na+, Cl- and SARe.

Nine surface (0-30 cm) soil samples were collected based on their salinity levels fromEl-Dakhla oasis, New Valley, Egypt to investigate the effect of soil salinity level on phosphorus (P) forms. The soil samples were divided into two levels based on their content of soil salinity to non-saline samples (ECe4dS/m) and saline ones (ECe>4 dS/m). Seven fractions of soil P (resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po, HCl-P and Residual-P) were sequentially extracted from each soil sample using the modified Hedley method. The results indicated that relative to the total P, the mean percentages of resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po and residual-P fractions were higher in the saline soil samples (ECe>4 dS/m) than those of the non-saline ones(ECe4dS/m). On the other side, the mean level of HCl-P fraction was lower in the saline soil samples. So, soil salinity tends to motivate levels of labile P (resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po), NaOH-Po and residual-P to increase on the charge of reducing the HCl-P level. Significant positive correlations were recorded between the NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po fractions and the ECe, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, HCO3-,Cl-, SO4-2 and SARe of these soil samples.However,the NaHCO3-Po, HCl-P and residual P fractions were negatively correlated to the ECe, Na+, Cl- and SARe.

Remediation ofmetal polluted sites by traditional, physical and chemicalmethods demands large investments of 19 economic and technological resources compared to green remediation.Halophytic plants have been suggested to 20 be more effective in the phytoextraction of metals from the contaminated soils compared to salt-sensitive crop 21 plants. Pot experiment was conducted to study the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) by the A. lentiformis plants 22 when treated with different rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen was applied to the soil at rate of 0, 100, 200, 23 300 and 400 mg kg−1. Increasing the level of nitrogen from 0 to 400 mg N kg−1 increased the dry biomass of 24 roots and shoots of the studied plant by 75 and 27.5%, respectively. The application of N increased the chlorophyll 25 by 100% and leaf area index by 50% and this lead to increase in the photosynthesis and plant growth. The 26 A. lentiformis plants tolerate the high levels of Cd in the soil and plant tissues. Under metal stress conditions, 27 the studied plant contained large amount of organic compounds e.g., oxalic acid, proline and phenols. These or- 28 ganic compounds had negative effect on the plant growth and Cd accumulation in the aboveground parts of the 29 plant.When 400 mg N kg−1 was added, the chlorophyll increased by 100% and the proline, phenols and oxalic 30 acid decreased by 33, 50 and 30%, respectively compared to the control treatment. The fertilization of 31 A. lentiformis plants with the highest rate of nitrogen enabled the plants to remove 7.93% of the total soil Cd dur- 32 ing a period of 105 days. Nitrogenmitigated the effect ofmetal stress and increased the accumulation of Cd in the 33 aboveground parts of A. lentiformis plants. The fertilization of A. lentiformiswith nitrogen could be an effective tool 34 to enhance Cd-phytoextraction from polluted sites.

Nowadays, using sewage wastewater in the irrigated agriculture causes hazardous environment impacts. Assessment of these negative effects is vital issue to prevent heavy metals to be introduced in the food chain. Field and laboratory studies were conducted at Ellwan, Mangabad and El-Madabegh villages, Assiut Governorate, in order to evaluate heavy metals concentrations in the edible parts of carrot, turnip and onion plantswhich were irrigated with sewage water (SW). The obtained results indicated that, the soils of the studied villages were contaminated by heavy metals. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni concentrations in the edible portion of thesevegetables plants ranged between 45-70, 13- 19, 3.8-6.2, 2.85-3.85 and 2-6 mgkg–1, respectively. The obtained results showed that the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Ni in the edible plants were higher than the permissible limit levels but those of Zn and Cu were within the safe limit levels. It is worthy to mention that the irrigated edible vegetable crops especially onion, turnip and carrot with SW should be avoided. This study highlights the potential hazard for human health due to uptake of high concentrations of heavy metals especially Ni, Cd and Pb by the studied vegetable crops.

Field trials were conducted to investigate the infestation levels with the greater date moth, Arenipses sabella Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on the bunches and fruits of two common da te palms (Saidi and Tamr ) and the cereal cultivar (Mantor) in four Districts (El-Kharga, Paris, Balat and Mut) at the New Valley during 2015&2016 seasons. Data of the two successive seasons in El-Kharga Oasis indicated that, Saidi (economic cultivar) was more prefe rred to attack by the greater date moth than Mantor. The average per centages of the cut bunch bases (CBB) which lead to loss the bunch fruits and express about the economic damage were (10.89 and11.20%) on Saidi a nd (3.08 and 2.00%) on Mantor, respectively. The fruit damage fo r both cultivars was not noticeable. Under Mut district, the symptoms of damage by the greater date moth was different where, the pest prefer to attack the fruit than bunch bases. The larvae was seldom feed on bunch bases of Tamr cultivar where it recorded (0.27 and 0.22%) on Tamr and (6.67a nd 13.02%) on Saidi and the direct date fruit losses were (20.87 and 26. 23 %) on Saidi and (47.21 and 44.62%) on Tamr during 2015 and 2016, respectively. The chemical analysis indicated that, Tamr bunch bases obtained highly Calcium and Potassium percentages (0.14 and 1.54%) than Sa idi (0.12 and 1.38%), respectively. Meanwhile, the percentages of total protein and total carbohydrate (4.18 and 23.18%) were high in Saidi bunch base s than Tamr, respectively. Tamr fruits obtained highly total carbohydrate, Calcium, and Potassium percentages (61.62, 0.26 and 2.65%) than Saidi fruits (57.30, 0.14 and 1.69%), respectively. There was no si gnificant ratio in the case of total protein. Concerning to the incidence of A.sabella on Saidi variety across the four districts, this cultivar suffered from attacks with different levels. Above 80% of the tested Saidi date palm was infested. The general cut bunch bases (CBB) (about 11.00 %) was observed in El-Kharga. In Mut district, zero damage effect was obtained on the Sa idi bunches and over than 20% of the Saidi fruits was lost directly. In general, greater date moth has a large capacity to spread and infest all tested date palm under the New Va lley conditions, where the average of infestation exceeded eighty percent ma king it one of the most important pests affecting date palm production in this governorate. Further ecological and biological studies on A. sabella to develop integrated pest management to combat this pest (14) Date Palm Host Preference of The Greater Date Moth, Arenipses sabella Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at New Valley Governorate-Egypt

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