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Abstract A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Agriculture Faculty, South Valley University at Qena Governorate, Egypt, during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to study the effect of salicylic acid and NPK fertilization on wheat productivity. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using strip plot arrangement with three replications. The first variable was salicylic acid concentrations which occupied horizontally. While the second one was NPK rates which allocated vertically. The obtained results showed that all studied traits in both seasons were affected significantly by salicylic acid concentrations in favour of 150 ppm concentration as well as by NPK fertilization rates in favour of high rate(125, 45 and 48 kg fed-1 of N, P and K, respectively). Furthermore, wheat plants sprayed by high salicylic acid concentration and subjected to high NPK fertilization rate produced the highest mean values of grain yield (2600 and 2520 kg fed-1 in the first and second seasons, respectively). While, wheat plants sprayed by high salicylic acid concentration and subjected to low NPK fertilization rate gave the maximum mean values of use efficiency for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in both seasons

Abstract A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Agriculture Faculty, South Valley University at Qena Governorate, Egypt, during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to study the effect of salicylic acid and NPK fertilization on wheat productivity. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using strip plot arrangement with three replications. The first variable was salicylic acid concentrations which occupied horizontally. While the second one was NPK rates which allocated vertically. The obtained results showed that all studied traits in both seasons were affected significantly by salicylic acid concentrations in favour of 150 ppm concentration as well as by NPK fertilization rates in favour of high rate(125, 45 and 48 kg fed-1 of N, P and K, respectively). Furthermore, wheat plants sprayed by high salicylic acid concentration and subjected to high NPK fertilization rate produced the highest mean values of grain yield (2600 and 2520 kg fed-1 in the first and second seasons, respectively). While, wheat plants sprayed by high salicylic acid concentration and subjected to low NPK fertilization rate gave the maximum mean values of use efficiency for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in both seasons

Red adzuki bean starch-water suspensions (1:3, w/v) were subjected to repeated and continuous annealing treatments at 55 °C for 96 h. The changes in structural, physicochemical, and digestive properties of starch after both treatments were studied and compared. The results showed that the repeated and continuous annealing increased the relative crystallinity of starch without influence of the morphological structure and crystalline patterns. Gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy increased; however starch solubility, swelling power, and viscosity decreased after both annealing treatments. FT-IR analysis showed that annealing treatments resulted in a reorganization of starch molecules and improved the crystalline perfection. Furthermore, the applied annealing treatments decreased the enzymatic susceptibility of starch and increased contents of slowly digestible and resistant starch. Generally, the repeated annealing resulted in modified starch with good functionalities compared with the continuous annealing. Therefore, repeated annealing can be recommended for producing of modified starch for industrial applications.

NULLProso millet starch suspensions (30%, W/V) were subjected to UHP treatment at 150, 300, 450 and 600 MPa for 15 min in order to produce a modified starch for food applications. Besides, the UHP-gelatinized starch gels were stored at room temperature for 192 h and the recrystallization characteristics were investigated during the storage time. The gelatinization extent of starch was increased with the increase in pressure level and the starch was fully gelatinized at 600 MPa. The XRD patterns showed that the UHP at 600 MPa converted the A-type crystals to the B-type. The DSC data revealed an increase in gelatinization temperatures and a decrease in gelatinization enthalpy after treatment at 150-450 MPa. Pasting property analysis showed that trough and final viscosity, pasting temperature and peak time were decreased; however, peak and breakdown viscosity were decreased with the increase in pressure level up to 600 MPa. UHP treatment resulted in a higher swelling capacity and solubility at a relatively low temperature. XRD and DSC were also used to monitor retrogradation through the growth of diffraction peaks of the recrystallized starch and the increase in the melting enthalpy. The extent of retrogradation was plotted as a function of the storage time.