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A field experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons at the Agriculture Research Station of King Abdulaziz University at Hada Al-Sham, Saudi Arabia in a split plot design to investigate the response of Mungbean [(Vigna radiate (L.)Wilczek] MN-96 cv. to three irrigation water regimes(100%, 80% and 60% of water requirements)and three humic acid (HA) rates (15, 30 and 45 kg/ha HA) was mixed with the soil surface. Seed yield and yield components were significantly similar under 30 and 45 kg HA/ha. No significantly differences were showed between seed yield/ha, yield components and IWUE under the 80% water regime with45 kg/ha HA and 100% water regime with 15 kg/ha HA.

Field experiment designed in a split plot with four replications was carried out at the Agriculture Research Station of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to study the response of blue panic (Panicum antidotale L. Australian- 110 cv.) - alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., Cuf 101 USA cv.) forage production, quality and land and water use efficiencies to three irrigation water regimes and six intercropping mixing ratios. Main plots were 100%, 80% and 60% of crop water requirement (WR). Under each water regime six intercropping ratios: IC1 (1row alfalfa:1row blue panic), IC2 (2alfalfa:1blue panic), IC3 (3alfalfa:1blue panic), IC4 (4alfalfa: 2blue panic), IC5 (alfalfa) and IC6 (blue panic) were investigated. Results revealed that difference in fresh and dry forage yields between the 100%WR and 80%WR treatments were minimal in all cuts. IC5 produced the least forage yield while IC6 produced the highest compared to all treatments. IC1 produced the highest forage yield compared with IC2, IC3 and IC4. Irrigation water use efficiency of 80%WR was higher than in 100%WR but fewer than in 60%WR. The highest land equivalent ratio was obtained from IC1. Intercropping ratios increased protein content in forage compared to blue panic sole plantation. Applying 80%WR reduced dry matter yield by 10% while save 20% of irrigation water also applying 60%WR reduced dry matter yield by 20.7% and save 40% of irrigation water.

This research was conducted during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasonsin the Agricultural Research Station, King Abdulaziz University at Hada Al-Sham region, Saudi Arabia to produce mungbean as a new legume crop in Saudi Arabia using low water consumption through maximizing crop yield with optimizing irrigation water use efficiency under drought stress during vegetative and flowering growth stages.No significant differences were found between the yield and yield components when practicing water stress during vegetative stage compared with full irrigation treatment in the two seasons. MN96 cv. was significantly dominated over NMf cv. in all studied traits except flowering date.The highest IWUE and seed yield/ha were obtained from the MN96 cv. under full irrigation and water stress during vegetative stage without significantly differences between them in the two seasons.

A field experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Research Station of King Abdulaziz University to study the response of sudan grass (Sorghum sudanensis L.) cv. California Gold and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) cv. KN-10. productivity to different irrigation methods and water application under arid conditions. Three irrigation methods including surface drip (SD), sub-surface drip (SSD) and sprinkler irrigation (SPI) were investigated. Under each irrigation method, one full irrigation treatment (100% of water requirement [WR]) and two water stress treatments (75% WR and 50% WR) were studied. Sudan grass and pearl millet crops were cultivated under each water regime for two consecutive seasons and cut several times for evaluating the production and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Results revealed that SSD produced the highest forage yield under full and stress treatments in both crops followed by SD. SPI produced the least forage yield compared with SD and SSD in 2014 and 2015 seasons. Decreasing water application decreased yield production and increased IWUE under SD and SSD but decreased them under SPI. Increasing number of cuts decreased yield and IWUE in both crops. Under full and stress treatments, sudan grass produced higher forage yield than pearl millet. Irrigation water use efficiency was the best under SSD followed by SD and SPI, respectively. Irrigation water use efficiency of 100 and 75% were significantly similar in both investigated crops.

The research study was carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Research Station located at Hada Al-Sham, King Abdulaziz University during two successive seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017) to study the effects of different organic fertilizers (cow manure, sheep manure, cow manure + barley straw and sheep manure + barley straw) and NPK (20:20:20), under two irrigation methods (surface and subsurface drip irrigation), and three water supply rates (100%, 80% and 60%), on yield , yield components of Cabbage (Brassica oleraecea L) and soil chemical properties in split- split plot design in 4 replicates. For irrigation systems, the subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system dominated surface drip irrigation (DI) system, and for IWR, the 100% rate dominated followed by 80% and then 60%, and for organic fertilizers , the NPK dominated , seconded by sheep manure, then cow manure , then sheep manure + barley straw, then cow manure + barley straw, as regards mean values of all cabbage yield and yield components , and soil pH, EC and organic matter (OM).

This study was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Research Station located at Hada Al-Sham, King Abdulaziz University during two successive seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017) to study the effects of different organic fertilizers (cow manure, sheep manure, cow manure + barley straw and sheep manure + barley straw) and NPK (20:20:20), under two irrigation methods (surface and subsurface drip irrigation), and three water supply rates (100%, 80% and 60%), on growth components of Cabbage (Brassica oleraecea L) and soil content of the macro-elements N, P, K in split- split plot design in 4 replicates .The subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system dominated the surface drip irrigation (DI) system, and the 100% irrigation water rate was better than 80% and then 60%, and the NPK dominated organic fertilizers , seconded by sheep manure, then cow manure , then sheep manure + barley straw, then cow manure + barley straw, as regards mean values of all cabbage growth components of, head ,stem, leaves , root, and total plant fresh and dry weight and the highest soil content of NPK .

Discriminate use of fertilizers gradually damaging biological and physical properties of soil as well as bioavailability of nutrients and organic matter resulting results in low crop yield. So there is needed to equilibrate the application of inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizers especially in arid region of Saudi Arabia to sustain and conserve soil resources for long term and better yield results. A field experiment was carried out at the Agriculture Research Station of King Abdulaziz University to investigate the effect of different rates of humic acid application along with inorganic fertilizers on growth components of mung bean (Vigna radiata) crop and soil properties. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design with four replications. Three treatments of humic acid (HA 20, 20kg/ha; HA 40, 40kg/ha and HA 60, 60kg/ha) along with control (HA 0) was applied. Results indicates that humic acid application caused significant improvement in the growth parameters of mung bean crop at all levels and (HA 40) proved to be optimum application rate for growth improvement. Regarding soil parameters, a significant decrease in pH was observed at (HA 40), while significant decrease in EC was observed at (HA 40). For soil fertility parameters, HA 40 (40 kg/ha) and HA 60 (60 kg/ha) significantly increase the availability of primary macronutrients (N, P and K) in the soil. The results suggested that application of humic acid at optimum rate HA 40; 40 kg/ha) improves plant and soil attributes to play an important role in sustainable agriculture.

Proper management and use of resources is well necessary to obtain sustainable and economic results especially in marginal land areas like arid lands of Saudi Arabia. To attain the above mention feathers a field experiment was carried out at the Agriculture Research Station of King Abdulaziz University to evaluate the comparative effect of humic acid application methods and rates on seed yield and yield components of mungbean and some soil micronutrients in arid region of Saudi Arabia. A two factor factorial under randomized complete block design was used in this experiment with four replications. Two methods of humic acid application (solid vs liquid) and Three treatments of humic acid (HA 20, 20kg/ha; HA 40, 40kg/ha and HA 60, 60kg/ha) along with control (HA 0) were applied. Results indicate that application of humic acid in solid form resulted in significant improvement in yield and yield components (shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, hundred seed weight and seed yield). Regarding rates, increasing HA ratesincreased all yield and yield components. Significant increase in all yield components was observed at first three levels of humic acid rates (HA 0 kgha-1 To HA 40 kgha-1), while increasing humic acid rate from (40 to 60 kgha-1) all yield and yield components were statistically similar except seed yield. It is concluded that interaction of solid application method with increasing rates of humic acid upgraded yield and yield component of mungbean and enhance the micronutrients (Cu, Zn and Mn) status in soil solution under arid land region of Saudi Arabia.