SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of organic (selenized yeast) and inorganic (Na-selenite) selenium on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and blood parameters of growing buffalo claves. Fifteen Egyptian healthy male buffalo calves were divided randomly into three groups (5 animals each). The treatment groups were as follows: control group (G1) fed basal diet without selenium supplement and treated groups fed 0.22 mg Se/kg DM as either Na –Selenite (G2) or selenized yeast (G3) to the concentrate mixture. All animals were fed 70% of their requirements as concentrate mixture, while wheat straw given as roughages ad libitum The results indicated that there were significant (P0.05) improvements in the digestibility coefficient of organic matter, crude protein, either extract and crude fibre due to dietary supplementation of both Se- yeast and Na-Selenite. No significant differences were observed in growth rate and total dry matter intake of calves between treatments groups. Dietary Se-yeast and Na-selenite supplementation led to significantly (P0.05) improved fed conversion ratio for calves as compared with control group (10.86 and 11.09 vs. 11.99). Calves fed Se-yeast or Na-Selenite supplement had increased (P 0.05) concentrations of selenium in whole blood, greater activity (P 0.05) of blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) with lower (P 0.05) cholesterol and urea concentration than those fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Se-yeast was more effective than sodium selenite in improving nutrient digestibility, feed conversion efficiency and increasing both Se concentration and GSH-Px activity in the blood of buffalo calves.

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of organic (selenized yeast) and inorganic (Na-selenite) selenium on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and blood parameters of growing buffalo claves. Fifteen Egyptian healthy male buffalo calves were divided randomly into three groups (5 animals each). The treatment groups were as follows: control group (G1) fed basal diet without selenium supplement and treated groups fed 0.22 mg Se/kg DM as either Na –Selenite (G2) or selenized yeast (G3) to the concentrate mixture. All animals were fed 70% of their requirements as concentrate mixture, while wheat straw given as roughages ad libitum The results indicated that there were significant (P0.05) improvements in the digestibility coefficient of organic matter, crude protein, either extract and crude fibre due to dietary supplementation of both Se- yeast and Na-Selenite. No significant differences were observed in growth rate and total dry matter intake of calves between treatments groups. Dietary Se-yeast and Na-selenite supplementation led to significantly (P0.05) improved fed conversion ratio for calves as compared with control group (10.86 and 11.09 vs. 11.99). Calves fed Se-yeast or Na-Selenite supplement had increased (P 0.05) concentrations of selenium in whole blood, greater activity (P 0.05) of blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) with lower (P 0.05) cholesterol and urea concentration than those fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Se-yeast was more effective than sodium selenite in improving nutrient digestibility, feed conversion efficiency and increasing both Se concentration and GSH-Px activity in the blood of buffalo calves.

SUMMARY his study was investigated to determine the effect of zinc source either from organic or inorganic on lambs performance, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics. Fifteen local lambs (about six months old and an average body weight of 26.5± 3.1 kg) were divided into three similar groups (5 lambs each). The control group (G1) was fed the basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrates mixture. While, the other two tested groups were fed the same basal diet, supplemented with 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc Sulphate (G2) and 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc methionine (G3). All animals of these groups were fed 60% of their requirements as concentrate mixture and the rest of other requirements were covered from wheat straw, which was given ad libitum. The experiment was extended for 6 month. The results indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P 0.05) in zinc sulphate and zinc methionine groups than in control group (130 and 132 gm/day vs. 99 gm/day, respectively). There were no significant differences among groups in total feed intake. Feed conversion ratio as dry matter intake/ g gain was improved in zinc methionine and zinc sulphate groups when compared with control one. However, the differences among groups were not significant. Supplementation of Zn-meth increased (P0.05) the level of zinc in serum as compared with control and zinc sulphate groups. Also, serum cholesterol was higher (p 0.05) in Zn treated groups than in control one. While, serum concentration of total protein, Albumin, globulin, glucose, triglycerides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were not affected by zinc supplementation. Zn supplementation in a form of organic or inorganic had no effect on dressing percentage and carcass cuts in lambs. In conclusion zinc supplementation in form of inorganic or organic may improve lambs performance.

SUMMARY his study was investigated to determine the effect of zinc source either from organic or inorganic on lambs performance, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics. Fifteen local lambs (about six months old and an average body weight of 26.5± 3.1 kg) were divided into three similar groups (5 lambs each). The control group (G1) was fed the basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrates mixture. While, the other two tested groups were fed the same basal diet, supplemented with 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc Sulphate (G2) and 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc methionine (G3). All animals of these groups were fed 60% of their requirements as concentrate mixture and the rest of other requirements were covered from wheat straw, which was given ad libitum. The experiment was extended for 6 month. The results indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P 0.05) in zinc sulphate and zinc methionine groups than in control group (130 and 132 gm/day vs. 99 gm/day, respectively). There were no significant differences among groups in total feed intake. Feed conversion ratio as dry matter intake/ g gain was improved in zinc methionine and zinc sulphate groups when compared with control one. However, the differences among groups were not significant. Supplementation of Zn-meth increased (P0.05) the level of zinc in serum as compared with control and zinc sulphate groups. Also, serum cholesterol was higher (p 0.05) in Zn treated groups than in control one. While, serum concentration of total protein, Albumin, globulin, glucose, triglycerides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were not affected by zinc supplementation. Zn supplementation in a form of organic or inorganic had no effect on dressing percentage and carcass cuts in lambs. In conclusion zinc supplementation in form of inorganic or organic may improve lambs performance.

SUMMARY his study was investigated to determine the effect of zinc source either from organic or inorganic on lambs performance, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics. Fifteen local lambs (about six months old and an average body weight of 26.5± 3.1 kg) were divided into three similar groups (5 lambs each). The control group (G1) was fed the basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrates mixture. While, the other two tested groups were fed the same basal diet, supplemented with 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc Sulphate (G2) and 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc methionine (G3). All animals of these groups were fed 60% of their requirements as concentrate mixture and the rest of other requirements were covered from wheat straw, which was given ad libitum. The experiment was extended for 6 month. The results indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P 0.05) in zinc sulphate and zinc methionine groups than in control group (130 and 132 gm/day vs. 99 gm/day, respectively). There were no significant differences among groups in total feed intake. Feed conversion ratio as dry matter intake/ g gain was improved in zinc methionine and zinc sulphate groups when compared with control one. However, the differences among groups were not significant. Supplementation of Zn-meth increased (P0.05) the level of zinc in serum as compared with control and zinc sulphate groups. Also, serum cholesterol was higher (p 0.05) in Zn treated groups than in control one. While, serum concentration of total protein, Albumin, globulin, glucose, triglycerides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were not affected by zinc supplementation. Zn supplementation in a form of organic or inorganic had no effect on dressing percentage and carcass cuts in lambs. In conclusion zinc supplementation in form of inorganic or organic may improve lambs performance.

SUMMARY his study was investigated to determine the effect of zinc source either from organic or inorganic on lambs performance, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics. Fifteen local lambs (about six months old and an average body weight of 26.5± 3.1 kg) were divided into three similar groups (5 lambs each). The control group (G1) was fed the basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrates mixture. While, the other two tested groups were fed the same basal diet, supplemented with 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc Sulphate (G2) and 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc methionine (G3). All animals of these groups were fed 60% of their requirements as concentrate mixture and the rest of other requirements were covered from wheat straw, which was given ad libitum. The experiment was extended for 6 month. The results indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P 0.05) in zinc sulphate and zinc methionine groups than in control group (130 and 132 gm/day vs. 99 gm/day, respectively). There were no significant differences among groups in total feed intake. Feed conversion ratio as dry matter intake/ g gain was improved in zinc methionine and zinc sulphate groups when compared with control one. However, the differences among groups were not significant. Supplementation of Zn-meth increased (P0.05) the level of zinc in serum as compared with control and zinc sulphate groups. Also, serum cholesterol was higher (p 0.05) in Zn treated groups than in control one. While, serum concentration of total protein, Albumin, globulin, glucose, triglycerides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were not affected by zinc supplementation. Zn supplementation in a form of organic or inorganic had no effect on dressing percentage and carcass cuts in lambs. In conclusion zinc supplementation in form of inorganic or organic may improve lambs performance.

SUMMARY T he current study was conducted to investigate the effect of addition green tea and tetracycline hydrochloride or both of them to growing buffalo rations on digestibility, blood metabolites and animal performance. Twenty buffalo calves of 11-13 months of age weighing 213 ±3.52 kg were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Dried green tea was added in basic diet (control) at levels of 0.5 % (T1), 1 % tetracycline hydrochloride was added to calves in (T2), and 1 % dried green tea and 1% tetracycline hydrochloride was added in (T3) for 4 month experimental period . All animals of these groups were fed 80% of their requirements as concentrate mixture while wheat straw and alfalfa hay was given as roughages ad libitum. The results indicated that dietary supplementation of green tea and tetracycline, or both of them did not significantly (p0.05) affect on all nutrient digestibility, except EE digestibility that was significantly (p0.05) lower in group T3 than control. No differences were observed among the supplemented and control groups for blood total proteins, albumin, globulin, ALT and AST. Buffalos fed rations supplemented with tetracycline in T2 or tetracycline with green tea in T3 significantly (P0.05) decreased serum total cholesterol as compared with those fed control and green tea groups (163.80 and 166.99 vs. 196.17 and 203.31 mg/dl, respectively). The average daily gain, total dry matter intake and fed conversion ratio of growing calves did not affected by supplemented green tea and tetracycline or both of them to rations. In conclusion, incorporating green tea at a rate of 0.5 % and tetracycline at a rate of 1 % in diets of calves was insufficient to improve digestibility and performances of growing buffalo, however mixed them in diet slightly improve performance of buffalo's calves.

SUMMARY T his study was conducted to determine the effects of zinc supplementation either from inorganic or organic sources on digestibility, blood metabolites and animal performance. Twelve buffalo calves of 11-13 months of age weighing 257.66 ± 26.41 kg were divided into three similar groups of 4 calves each, where G1 was served as control ration, and was fed the basal diet consisting of roughage and concentrate mixture. While the two tested groups were fed the same basal diet, but supplemented with 30 mg Zn//head/day of Zn sulphate (G2). And supplemented with 30 mg Zn//head/day as Zink methionine ( G3). The basal diet contains 28.3 mg/kg Zn, and , additionally, the doses of Zn in the tested groups were orally supplemented. All animals of these groups were fed 80% of their requirements as concentrate mixture and the rest of requirements were covered from wheat straw and alfalfa hay in equal quantities. The daily requirements of energy and crude protein for growing calves were cover according (NRC, 2001). Results indicated that supplemented Zn methionine or Zn sulphate to calves diet increased significantly (p 0.05) all nutrient digestibilities and feeding value in terms of TDN and DCP as compared with control group. Also, Supplemented Zn methionine for calves' diet increased significantly (p 0.05) the consenterion of serum Zn, plasma T3 and decreased significantly (p 0.05) cholesterol concentration as compared with Zn sulphate and control groups. While , serum total protein, Albumin, globulin, and AST were not affected significantly by zinc supplementation from inorganic or organic sources in buffalos calves in comparison with control ration . The body weight and daily gain were significantly higher (P0.05) for claves fed supplemented Zn-methionine or zinc sulphate ration, than those fed control one . The body weight gain in Zn-methionine group was increased by about 35.29% and 16.59 % than those fed control or zinc sulphate ration , respectively. There was no significant difference in total feed intake among different groups. Supplementation of Zn-meth significantly (P0.05) improved the feed conversion efficiency and the feed cost/kg weight gain as compared with Zn sulphate and control groups. From the results of this study it could be concluded that supplemented zinc from inorganic or organic sources in buffalo's calves diets improved digestibility and performances of growing buffalo and calves could be recommended that supplement Zn-methionine to growing buffaloes calves rations under Upper Egypt conditions because of its higher bioavailability than Zn sulphate.

T HREE EXPERIMENTS were conducted at the Vegetable Experimental Farm ,Faculty of Agriculture ,Assiut University during two summer seasons 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of irrigation regime and salicylic acid foliar application on two cowpea cultivars .Each experiment subjected to one of three tested irrigation levels 50 ,70( and % 30 of the available water which equal soil moisture tension of 0.60 ,0.35 and 0.85 bar ,respectively .)Each experiment was laid out using strip plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD )with three replications .Three salicylic levels 300 ,150 ,0( ppm )were randomized in horizontal plots while the two cowpea cultivars( Azmirly and Cream )7 were allocated in vertical plots .The results showed that the irrigation water deficit significantly decreased all the studied traits .Concerning salicylic acid( SA )application ,obtained data revealed that increasing the SA concentrations from( 0 control )to 300 ppm ,increased the plant ability to withstand drought .Also ,Azmirly cultivar was better than Cream 7 for all studied traits .The highest mean values of seed yield per hectar were obtained from Azmirly cultivar which was irrigated at70 %of the available water and sprayed with 300 ppm salicylic acid as foliar application .Protein patterns were analyzed in leaves of Azmirly and Cream 7 cultivars to study the changes in gene expression after one and two weeks of treatments with 150 ,0 and 300 ppm of salicylic acid( SA .)SA induced the expression of 11 new proteins as compared to the control treatment.

T HREE EXPERIMENTS were conducted at the Vegetable Experimental Farm ,Faculty of Agriculture ,Assiut University during two summer seasons 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of irrigation regime and salicylic acid foliar application on two cowpea cultivars .Each experiment subjected to one of three tested irrigation levels 50 ,70( and % 30 of the available water which equal soil moisture tension of 0.60 ,0.35 and 0.85 bar ,respectively .)Each experiment was laid out using strip plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD )with three replications .Three salicylic levels 300 ,150 ,0( ppm )were randomized in horizontal plots while the two cowpea cultivars( Azmirly and Cream )7 were allocated in vertical plots .The results showed that the irrigation water deficit significantly decreased all the studied traits .Concerning salicylic acid( SA )application ,obtained data revealed that increasing the SA concentrations from( 0 control )to 300 ppm ,increased the plant ability to withstand drought .Also ,Azmirly cultivar was better than Cream 7 for all studied traits .The highest mean values of seed yield per hectar were obtained from Azmirly cultivar which was irrigated at70 %of the available water and sprayed with 300 ppm salicylic acid as foliar application .Protein patterns were analyzed in leaves of Azmirly and Cream 7 cultivars to study the changes in gene expression after one and two weeks of treatments with 150 ,0 and 300 ppm of salicylic acid( SA .)SA induced the expression of 11 new proteins as compared to the control treatment.