Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a common viral disease that can affect both domesticated and wild animals. Despite their economic losses, there isn't much information available on BVD in Assiut Governorate. Therefore, the present study's objectives were to determine the clinical findings, risk factors associations with the infection rate, and molecular diagnosis of BVD virus (BVDV). The current study was conducted on 50 cattle that belonged to different villages in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The clinical examination findings revealed fever, oral lesions, diarrhea, respiratory symptoms, and corneal opacity. Serum samples were collected for laboratory analysis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay had been employed for BVDV diagnosis. BVDV RNA was found in the serum of seven cattle.There was no significant difference (P<0.05) between the percentages of BVD infection and the sex, age, and breed (native and mixed breed) of molecularly tested cattle. According to the climatologic circumstances of Assiut governorate, there was a discernible variation (P<0.05) between the BVD infection rate and the cold and hot months. It is advisable to emphasize how crucial it is to implement efficient preventative and control measures throughout Egypt in order to reduce the prevalence of BVDV.

Dairy milk holds a prominent position as a widely consumed food, particularly among infants and children. However, it is crucial to address the presence of multiple natural toxic compounds that may co-occur in dairy milk to ensure its safety prior to consumption. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), an emerging mycotoxin of interest, is a potential contaminant in the milk of animals who ingest aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The toxin is regulated in the European Union under Commission Regulation No 1881/2006. Unfortunately, there is a notable lack of data concerning the transfer of various emerging microbial contaminants into dairy milk and, therefore, their natural occurrences. In this study, a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of multiple cyanotoxins (microcystin congeners and nodularin) and AFM1 by the main analytical guidelines. Toxins are extracted with methanol 80%, followed by an SPE clean-up step before LC-MS/MS analysis. The LOQ was fixed at 1 µg/L for the nine cyanotoxins and 0.05 µg/L for AFM1. Recoveries were measured between 82.67% and 102%. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other LC-MS/MS methods available for the simultaneous quantification of cyanotoxins and mycotoxins in milk.