The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera, Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum) seeds and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on pigeon performance,carcass traits, pigeon meat quality and composition. Twenty four pairs of parent local Egyptian Baladi pigeons (20-22 month-old) were used in the experiment. Live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and Feed efficiency were reported. The birds were slaughtered at the end of experiment (90days) and carcass meat attributes and composition were recorded. The best LBW, BWG, FCR and Feed efficiency were noticed when feeding yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), while the best carcass weights, carcass yields, head and liver weights resulted with Moringa oleifera feeding. Also, the best result for cooking loss percent reduction was occurred when feeding with Moringa oleifera. All treatments improved the microbiological quality of pigeon meat, in particular fenugreek when compared with control. All treatments had no significant effects on color, odor or pH. The highest protein content in pigeon meat was estimated with Moringa oleifera followed by fenugreek, while the best reduction effect on fat contents occurred with yeast feeding.Thus, natural feed additives and probiotics could improve pigeon productive performance and meat quality

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera, Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum) seeds and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on pigeon performance,carcass traits, pigeon meat quality and composition. Twenty four pairs of parent local Egyptian Baladi pigeons (20-22 month-old) were used in the experiment. Live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and Feed efficiency were reported. The birds were slaughtered at the end of experiment (90days) and carcass meat attributes and composition were recorded. The best LBW, BWG, FCR and Feed efficiency were noticed when feeding yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), while the best carcass weights, carcass yields, head and liver weights resulted with Moringa oleifera feeding. Also, the best result for cooking loss percent reduction was occurred when feeding with Moringa oleifera. All treatments improved the microbiological quality of pigeon meat, in particular fenugreek when compared with control. All treatments had no significant effects on color, odor or pH. The highest protein content in pigeon meat was estimated with Moringa oleifera followed by fenugreek, while the best reduction effect on fat contents occurred with yeast feeding.Thus, natural feed additives and probiotics could improve pigeon productive performance and meat quality

Background: Pseudomonas spp. are of important food spoiling bacteria. They present around the world and are isolated from diverse sources. The main objective of this survey was to detect Pseudomonas spp. in fresh chicken and fish obtained from markets of Assiut city, Egypt. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, 50 samples of fresh raw chicken and 50 samples of fresh raw fish meat were randomly collected from Assiut city markets, Egypt. Then, in laboratory, cultural and PCR techniques were carried out to detect Pseudomonas spp. in the samples. Results: Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from 80% of the examined chicken samples and found in all the examined fish samples. All the isolates were confirmed as Pseudomonas spp. using 16S rRNA-PCR. The average number of Pseudomonas spp. in chicken flesh and Tilapia nilotica were 2.6×10 4 and 2.8×10 3 CFU/g, respectively; while this rate was 1.4×10 5 CFU/g for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Conclusions: This study indicated contamination of fresh raw fish and chicken samples with Pseudomonas spp. which may be attributed to cross contamination. This contamination predicts inadequate shelf life of the examined samples especially African catfish.

The effect of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) was investigated comparing it to effects of some natural spices, in the refrigerated chilled minced meat to improve its shelf life. Also, the in vitro antibacterial effect was evaluated against E.coli ATCC 8739 and Salmonella typhimurium using agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results demonstrated that all treatments showed improved effects on pH, color and odor in contrast to control. CaO NPs and garlic powder had the best effect on the Aerobic plate count (APC) and yeast and mould count, while onion powder had the best effect on the Enterobacteriaceae count through the storage period. It was concluded that CaO NPs showed good antimicrobial activity and consequently had improved the shelf life when added to minced meat. Also, garlic powder and onion powder enhanced the shelf life. In addition, CaO NPs solution, sage, garlic and onion extracts demonstrated superior antibacterial effects against E.coli ATCC 8739 and Salmonella typhimurium than ginger extract. SO, CaO NPs can be added for meat products as a multifunctional food additive.

The effect of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) was investigated comparing it to effects of some natural spices, in the refrigerated chilled minced meat to improve its shelf life. Also, the in vitro antibacterial effect was evaluated against E.coli ATCC 8739 and Salmonella typhimurium using agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results demonstrated that all treatments showed improved effects on pH, color and odor in contrast to control. CaO NPs and garlic powder had the best effect on the Aerobic plate count (APC) and yeast and mould count, while onion powder had the best effect on the Enterobacteriaceae count through the storage period. It was concluded that CaO NPs showed good antimicrobial activity and consequently had improved the shelf life when added to minced meat. Also, garlic powder and onion powder enhanced the shelf life. In addition, CaO NPs solution, sage, garlic and onion extracts demonstrated superior antibacterial effects against E.coli ATCC 8739 and Salmonella typhimurium than ginger extract. SO, CaO NPs can be added for meat products as a multifunctional food additive.

Escherichia coli is one of the predominant enteric species in the human gut. However, there are small groups of E. coli, sometimes referred to as pathogenic E. coli that can cause severe diarrheal diseases in humans. Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), is one of the pathogenic E. coli, and certain strains appear to be of greater virulence for humans, especially those belonging to serogroups O111 and O157. Meat based sandwiches are well-recognized sources of E. coli. Ninety meat based sandwiches from street vendors (30 of each of liver, kofta and hawawshy) were collected in Assiut city. Twenty one (23.3%) of the examined sandwiches were contaminated with E.coli. Duplex PCR was used targeting for portions of the rfb (O-antigen-encoding) regions of E. coli serotypes O157 and O111, generating PCR products of 259 and 406 bp, respectively, that is specific for STEC, the share of STEC presence were 12 out of 90 (13.3%) of the examined samples. Overall, the obtained results detection of STEC in the street vended sandwiches was of a great importance as an indication of the unhygienic practices that followed, so it is advised to conduct further heating before consumption and need of health education programs as well as hygienic practice for the food handlers and vendors.

NULL

NULL

Many studies have been carried out to investigate the morphological structure of the syrinx in many bird species. However, the cellular organization of the syrinx in the fowls and pigeons is still unclear. The current study revealed that in fowl and pigeon, the syrinx is formed of three main parts including tympanum (cranial) part, intermediate syringeal part, and bronchosyringeal (caudal) part, in addition to pessulus and tympaniform membranes. A great variation in the structural characteristics of syrinx of fowl and pigeon was recorded. In fowl, the tympaniform membranes showed a characteristic distribution of elastic and collagen fibers which increase the elasticity of tympaniform membranes. Moreover, the bony pessulus helps the medial tympaniform membranes to be stiffer, vibrate more strongly so that louder sound will be generated. In pigeon, the lateral tympaniform membrane is of greater thickness so that the oscillation of this membrane is reduced and the amplitude is lower. Moreover, the pessulus is smaller in size and is formed mainly of connective tissue core (devoid of cartilaginous or bony plates), resulting in the failure of stretching and vibrating of the medial tympaniform membranes, that leads to the generation of deeper sound. Electron microscopic examination of the syringes of fowls and pigeons revealed numerous immune cells including dendritic cells, plasma cells, mast cells, and lymphocytes distributed within syringeal mucosa and invading the syringeal epithelium. Telocytes were first recorded in the syrinx of fowls and pigeons in this study. They presented two long telopodes that made up frequent close contacts with other neighboring telocytes, immune cells, and blood capillaries.

Many studies have been carried out to investigate the morphological structure of the syrinx in many bird species. However, the cellular organization of the syrinx in the fowls and pigeons is still unclear. The current study revealed that in fowl and pigeon, the syrinx is formed of three main parts including tympanum (cranial) part, intermediate syringeal part, and bronchosyringeal (caudal) part, in addition to pessulus and tympaniform membranes. A great variation in the structural characteristics of syrinx of fowl and pigeon was recorded. In fowl, the tympaniform membranes showed a characteristic distribution of elastic and collagen fibers which increase the elasticity of tympaniform membranes. Moreover, the bony pessulus helps the medial tympaniform membranes to be stiffer, vibrate more strongly so that louder sound will be generated. In pigeon, the lateral tympaniform membrane is of greater thickness so that the oscillation of this membrane is reduced and the amplitude is lower. Moreover, the pessulus is smaller in size and is formed mainly of connective tissue core (devoid of cartilaginous or bony plates), resulting in the failure of stretching and vibrating of the medial tympaniform membranes, that leads to the generation of deeper sound. Electron microscopic examination of the syringes of fowls and pigeons revealed numerous immune cells including dendritic cells, plasma cells, mast cells, and lymphocytes distributed within syringeal mucosa and invading the syringeal epithelium. Telocytes were first recorded in the syrinx of fowls and pigeons in this study. They presented two long telopodes that made up frequent close contacts with other neighboring telocytes, immune cells, and blood capillaries.