Abstract: 1-phenyl/(2-thienyl)-3-(1,3-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-propen-1-ones (3a,b) were prepared. Reaction of 3b with hydroxyl amine, phenyl hydrazine or ethyl cyanoacetate gave the corresponding heterocyclic compounds 4, 5 and 6 respectively. Treatment compounds 3a,b with cyanothioacetaimde furnished 3-cyano-4-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-6-phenyl/(2- thienyl)pyridine-2(1H)-thiones (7a,b). Reaction of 7a,b with chloroacetamide, p-methylphenacyl chloride, ethyl chloroacetate, chloro-N-(aryl)acetamides gave S-substituted methylthiopyridines 8a-g. Upon treatment of compounds 8a-g with sodium ethoxide in boiling ethanol, they underwent intramolecular Thorpe-Zeigler cyclization giving 2-functionalized 3-amino-4-(1,3-diphenyl- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-6-phenyl/(2-thienyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridines (9a-g). Compounds 9a,c were subjected to some sequence reactions to produce new pyrazolylpyridothienopyrimidines 10a-c, 11a,b and 13-16.

Abstract: 1-phenyl/(2-thienyl)-3-(1,3-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-propen-1-ones (3a,b) were prepared. Reaction of 3b with hydroxyl amine, phenyl hydrazine or ethyl cyanoacetate gave the corresponding heterocyclic compounds 4, 5 and 6 respectively. Treatment compounds 3a,b with cyanothioacetaimde furnished 3-cyano-4-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-6-phenyl/(2- thienyl)pyridine-2(1H)-thiones (7a,b). Reaction of 7a,b with chloroacetamide, p-methylphenacyl chloride, ethyl chloroacetate, chloro-N-(aryl)acetamides gave S-substituted methylthiopyridines 8a-g. Upon treatment of compounds 8a-g with sodium ethoxide in boiling ethanol, they underwent intramolecular Thorpe-Zeigler cyclization giving 2-functionalized 3-amino-4-(1,3-diphenyl- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-6-phenyl/(2-thienyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridines (9a-g). Compounds 9a,c were subjected to some sequence reactions to produce new pyrazolylpyridothienopyrimidines 10a-c, 11a,b and 13-16.

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Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was synthesized by sol– gel method. Different ratios of molybdenum oxide (1–15 % w/w) supported on HAP were prepared by the impregnation method and calcined at 400 C in a static air atmosphere. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and nitrogen sorption measurements. The surface acidity of the catalysts was investigated by the dehydration of isopropyl alcohol and the adsorption of pyridine (PY) and 2,6-dimethyl pyridine (DMPY). The gas–phase oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde was carried out in a conventional fixed-bed flow type reactor using N2 as a carrier gas. The obtained results clearly revealed that HAP–MoO3 systems were active and selective towards the formation of formaldehyde. The maximum yield of formaldehyde (97 %) was achieved on the catalyst containing 5 wt% MoO3/HAP. The generation of Mo6?as Lewis together with Brønsted acid sites play the main role in the formation of formaldehyde.

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was synthesized by sol– gel method. Different ratios of molybdenum oxide (1–15 % w/w) supported on HAP were prepared by the impregnation method and calcined at 400 C in a static air atmosphere. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and nitrogen sorption measurements. The surface acidity of the catalysts was investigated by the dehydration of isopropyl alcohol and the adsorption of pyridine (PY) and 2,6-dimethyl pyridine (DMPY). The gas–phase oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde was carried out in a conventional fixed-bed flow type reactor using N2 as a carrier gas. The obtained results clearly revealed that HAP–MoO3 systems were active and selective towards the formation of formaldehyde. The maximum yield of formaldehyde (97 %) was achieved on the catalyst containing 5 wt% MoO3/HAP. The generation of Mo6?as Lewis together with Brønsted acid sites play the main role in the formation of formaldehyde.

The bulk Ge20Se50Te30 glasses were prepared by the melt-quenching method and the studied films of different thicknesses 100, 130, 160, and 200 nm were synthesized on glass substrates from the bulk glasses by the thermal evaporation technique under high vacuum. The stoichiometry of the studied thin films was determined by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX). The structure of the investigated bulk glasses as well as thin films was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD data confirmed the amorphous state of the bulk Ge20Se50Te30 glasses. However, the prepared films exhibit a mainly amorphous structure with some crystallites which are related to Se and GeSe2-phases. These crystalline particles were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of thickness on the optical parameters of Ge20Se50Te30 films was investigated. The optical transmittance and reflectance spectra were recorded using a double beam spectrophotometer in the photon wavelength range of 190–900 nm. The values of some important optical constants such as the absorption coefficient, energy gap, refractive index, and extinction coefficient were calculated. The optical absorption measurements showed that the fundamental absorption edge is a function of film thickness. The indirect band-gap was found to decrease from 1.78 to 1.53 eV as the film thickness increased from 100 to 200 nm.

The bulk Ge20Se50Te30 glasses were prepared by the melt-quenching method and the studied films of different thicknesses 100, 130, 160, and 200 nm were synthesized on glass substrates from the bulk glasses by the thermal evaporation technique under high vacuum. The stoichiometry of the studied thin films was determined by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX). The structure of the investigated bulk glasses as well as thin films was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD data confirmed the amorphous state of the bulk Ge20Se50Te30 glasses. However, the prepared films exhibit a mainly amorphous structure with some crystallites which are related to Se and GeSe2-phases. These crystalline particles were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of thickness on the optical parameters of Ge20Se50Te30 films was investigated. The optical transmittance and reflectance spectra were recorded using a double beam spectrophotometer in the photon wavelength range of 190–900 nm. The values of some important optical constants such as the absorption coefficient, energy gap, refractive index, and extinction coefficient were calculated. The optical absorption measurements showed that the fundamental absorption edge is a function of film thickness. The indirect band-gap was found to decrease from 1.78 to 1.53 eV as the film thickness increased from 100 to 200 nm.