ABSTRACT The chemical and physical techniques applied for nanoparticles synthesis are mostly high cost and may have harmful effects. So, there is an indigence to synthesize a low cost, high yield, most effective and most stable nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of mycosynthesized titanium oxide (TiO2NPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles from mycelial extract of Penicillium chrysogenum AUMC 6092 was the main target of this study. The antimicrobial activity was assayed against 5 pathogenic Gram- positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp.) and Gram- negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. In addition, 12 human pathogenic fungal strains including some multidrug resistant yeast strains and dermatophytic fungal strains (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum) were tested. TiO2NPs and AgNPs synthesized from culture filtrate of Penicillium chrysogenum AUMC 6092 are uniform, spherical and small. The results showed that, generally TiO2NPs and AgNPs had high inhibitory activity against most tested microorganisms, especially when mixed with Tioconazole. TiO2NP2 had the highest inhibitory effect against C. glabrata AUMC 13382, followed by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and C. tropicalis AUMC 13378. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus and C. glabrata AUMC 13382 were the most sensitive microbial strains towards AgNPs.

ABSTRACT The chemical and physical techniques applied for nanoparticles synthesis are mostly high cost and may have harmful effects. So, there is an indigence to synthesize a low cost, high yield, most effective and most stable nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of mycosynthesized titanium oxide (TiO2NPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles from mycelial extract of Penicillium chrysogenum AUMC 6092 was the main target of this study. The antimicrobial activity was assayed against 5 pathogenic Gram- positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp.) and Gram- negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. In addition, 12 human pathogenic fungal strains including some multidrug resistant yeast strains and dermatophytic fungal strains (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum) were tested. TiO2NPs and AgNPs synthesized from culture filtrate of Penicillium chrysogenum AUMC 6092 are uniform, spherical and small. The results showed that, generally TiO2NPs and AgNPs had high inhibitory activity against most tested microorganisms, especially when mixed with Tioconazole. TiO2NP2 had the highest inhibitory effect against C. glabrata AUMC 13382, followed by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and C. tropicalis AUMC 13378. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus and C. glabrata AUMC 13382 were the most sensitive microbial strains towards AgNPs.

Abstract: Background: The presence of anthraquinone (Disperse blue 64) and azodyes (Acid yellow 17) in a waterbody are considered among the most dangerous pollutants. Methods: In this study, two different isolated microbes, bacterium and fungus, were individually and as a co-culture applied for the degradation of Disperse Blue 64 (DB 64) and Acid Yellow 17 (AY 17) dyes. The isolates were genetically identified based upon 16S (for bacteria) and ITS/5.8S (for fungus) rRNA genes sequences as Pseudomoans aeruginosa and Aspergillus flavus, respectively. Results: The fungal/bacterial consortium exhibited a higher percentage of dyes degradation than the individual strains, even at a high concentration of 300 mg/L. Azoreductase could be identified as the main catabolic enzyme and the consortium could induce azoreductase enzyme in the presence of both dyes. However, the specific substrate which achieved the highest azoreductase specific activity was Methyl red (MR) (3.5 U/mg protein). The tentatively proposed metabolites that were detected by HPLC/MS suggested that the reduction process catalyzed the degradation of dyes. The metabolites produced by the action consortium on two dyes were safe on Vicia faba and Triticum vulgaris germination and health of seedlings. Toxicity of the dyes and their degradation products on the plant was different according to the type and chemistry of these compounds as well as the type of irrigated seeds. Conclusion: We submit that the effective microbial degradation of DB64 and AY17 dyes will lead to safer metabolic products.

Abstract: Background: The presence of anthraquinone (Disperse blue 64) and azodyes (Acid yellow 17) in a waterbody are considered among the most dangerous pollutants. Methods: In this study, two different isolated microbes, bacterium and fungus, were individually and as a co-culture applied for the degradation of Disperse Blue 64 (DB 64) and Acid Yellow 17 (AY 17) dyes. The isolates were genetically identified based upon 16S (for bacteria) and ITS/5.8S (for fungus) rRNA genes sequences as Pseudomoans aeruginosa and Aspergillus flavus, respectively. Results: The fungal/bacterial consortium exhibited a higher percentage of dyes degradation than the individual strains, even at a high concentration of 300 mg/L. Azoreductase could be identified as the main catabolic enzyme and the consortium could induce azoreductase enzyme in the presence of both dyes. However, the specific substrate which achieved the highest azoreductase specific activity was Methyl red (MR) (3.5 U/mg protein). The tentatively proposed metabolites that were detected by HPLC/MS suggested that the reduction process catalyzed the degradation of dyes. The metabolites produced by the action consortium on two dyes were safe on Vicia faba and Triticum vulgaris germination and health of seedlings. Toxicity of the dyes and their degradation products on the plant was different according to the type and chemistry of these compounds as well as the type of irrigated seeds. Conclusion: We submit that the effective microbial degradation of DB64 and AY17 dyes will lead to safer metabolic products.

Abstract: Background: The presence of anthraquinone (Disperse blue 64) and azodyes (Acid yellow 17) in a waterbody are considered among the most dangerous pollutants. Methods: In this study, two different isolated microbes, bacterium and fungus, were individually and as a co-culture applied for the degradation of Disperse Blue 64 (DB 64) and Acid Yellow 17 (AY 17) dyes. The isolates were genetically identified based upon 16S (for bacteria) and ITS/5.8S (for fungus) rRNA genes sequences as Pseudomoans aeruginosa and Aspergillus flavus, respectively. Results: The fungal/bacterial consortium exhibited a higher percentage of dyes degradation than the individual strains, even at a high concentration of 300 mg/L. Azoreductase could be identified as the main catabolic enzyme and the consortium could induce azoreductase enzyme in the presence of both dyes. However, the specific substrate which achieved the highest azoreductase specific activity was Methyl red (MR) (3.5 U/mg protein). The tentatively proposed metabolites that were detected by HPLC/MS suggested that the reduction process catalyzed the degradation of dyes. The metabolites produced by the action consortium on two dyes were safe on Vicia faba and Triticum vulgaris germination and health of seedlings. Toxicity of the dyes and their degradation products on the plant was different according to the type and chemistry of these compounds as well as the type of irrigated seeds. Conclusion: We submit that the effective microbial degradation of DB64 and AY17 dyes will lead to safer metabolic products.

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The Fock-Tani representation is a field theory formalism app ropriated for the simultaneous treatment of composite particles and their constituents. The 3P0 model is a typical decay model which considers only OZI-allowed strong decays. The model considers a quark-antiquark pair created with the vacuum quantum numbers in the presence of the initial state meson. It is described as the non-relativistic limit of the pair creation Hamiltonian. Applying the Fock-Tani transformation to the microscopic H amiltonian of the pair creation produces the characteristic expansion in powers of the wave function, where the 3P0 model is the lowest order in the expansion. The corrected 3P0 model (C3P0) is obtained from higher orders in the expansion, by the introduction of the bound state kernel ∆, called the bound state correction. The goal of this work is to study the aplication of the 3P0 model and C3P0 model in detail for the J/Ψ mesons, where we consider that they are formed by mixing c1(u ̄u+d ̄d) +c2s ̄s+c3c ̄c. To consider J/Ψ given by mixtures comes from studies that attempt to solve the puzzle. We find the decay amplitudes and decay rates J/Ψ.

ABSTRACT Through the introduced work a viable numerical scheme has been developed, using Numerov’s method, to study the energy spectra of mesons and hadronic interactions. Upon the implementation of the non-relativistic quark model and the Quantum Chromodynamics theory elements which describe the phenomenological interactions between the charm–anticharm quarks via two proposed potentials, our model accurately predicts the mass spectra of charmed quarkonium as an example of mesonic systems. It was found that our results agree well with the experimentalcharmonium masses that were published via the Particle Data Group (PDG). The proposed model has been tested for numerical instabilities and found that it works well for both proposed potentials. Although this model is suited to study the dynamics of charmonium interactions,we found that the results for one of the potentials are in better agreement with the published data. In addition, we predicted the mass spectrum of new charmed multiplets using the same previously mentioned potentials.