A novel trichromophoric molecular chemosensor Rh–NI-Hz was designed, synthesized and examined for pH detection. It exhibited naked eye observed colorimetric and fluorometric responses to lower and high pH values. The probe sensitivity towards an acidic environment was achieved through the rhodamine part of the molecule where the colour was changed from colourless to red and yellow fluorescence was emitted. On the other hand, in a basic environment, the colour was changed to yellow and a green fluorescence emission was produced. Moreover, the probe mimics a digital comparator by executing three INHIBIT logic gates using H⁺ and HO⁻ as chemical inputs.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the palynofacies analysis and palynomorph assemblages of the Salam-53 well, Shushan Basin, north-western Desert, Egypt to show the shelf conditions throughout the Upper Cretaceous deposits, where two palynofacies types have been documented based on the properties components of palynofacies of the studied ditch cutting samples. PF-1, the upper Bahariya clastic-carbonate layer, and the Abu Roash "G" as well as "F" to
"C" members were discovered in the inner shelf setting, marine transgression occurs at the late Cenomanian-Turonian dominated by reducing (suboxic-anoxic) settings with occasional local oxic-dysoxic conditions. The global late Cenomanian marine transgression was primarily responsible for this relative sea level rise. PF-2 represents the remainder of the carbonate section ("B" and "A" members) of the Abu Roash and Khoman formations, which were deposited in middle
shelf environments with prominent suboxic-anoxic conditions during a major regional marine transgression, which was primarily associated with the global Turonian-Maastrichtian eustatic sea-level rise. Furthermore, palynofacies analyses were used to reconstruct the vegetation cover and palaeoclimatic conditions at these times, indicating that regional warm and relatively dry climatic conditions prevailed. This based on the presence of Afropollis jardinus, Classopollis spp.,
Ephedripites spp., Elaterspores, and pteridophytes, indicating a paleoenvironment in which parent plants inhabiting wetlands in a humid condition, developed near the well site.

The present national and international pursuit of converting Egypt into a regional hub of natural gas in the East
Mediterranean region resulted in conducting extensive exploration activities in several areas of northern Egypt.
Therefore, organic petrographic, geochemical, and geophysical analyses were carried out on the upper Khatatba
Formation from the OBA 2-2A well in the Matruh Basin.
Restoration of the original sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of the upper Khatatba Formation
suggest deposition of this formation in deltaic settings. Few shale and partly calcareous shale units of the Upper
Safa and the uppermost Zahra members accumulated in TST in prodelta settings under dysoxic-anoxic conditions. These shale units had an original gas/oil-prone organic facies BC. Other shales and partly calcareous shales of the Upper Safa and Zahra members accumulated in HST in deltafront settings under relatively oxic conditions and had an original lower gas-prone organic facies C. The Upper Safa Member had an original active fair to excellent organic richness (0.76–7.35, avg. 3.38 TOCo (live) wt%) and hydrocarbon source rock potential (S2o: 2.22–17.97, avg. 8.05 mg HC/g org. C). It was characterised mainly by original active mixed gas/oil-prone kerogen type IIIo(live)-IIo(live) (HIo(live): 200.27–297.34, avg. 238.03 mg HC/g TOCo(live)) and subordinately by gas-prone kerogen type IIIo(live) (HIo (live): 181.50 mg HC/g TOCo(live)). The Upper Safa Member had original poor to fair proportions of active oilprone (0.15–1.47, avg 0.68 TOCo(live, oil) wt%) and higher fair to very good proportions of active gas-prone (0.61–5.88, avg. 2.70 TOCo(live, gas) wt%) kerogens. The Upper Safa Member originally possessed poor to very good oil (S2o(oil): 0.44–3.59, avg. 1.16 mg HC/g org. C) and good to very good gas (S2o(gas): 1.77–14.37, avg. 6.44 mg HC/g org. C) generation potential. The carbonates and partly calcareous shales of the uppermost Safa and the Zahra members possessed poor oil and gas generation potential due to their organic-lean status.
The present-day organic geochemical characterization indicates that the Upper Safa Member still shows active
fair to excellent organic richness (0.68–6.75, avg. 3.11 TOCpd(live) wt%). However, this member shows a
relatively lower present-day good to very good/excellent source rock potential (S2pd: 1.33–10.78, avg. 4.83 mg
HC/g rock) and lower active kerogen quality IIIpd(live) (HIpd(live): 115.97–198.21, avg. 151.07 mg HC/g
TOCpd(live)). This is related to the current high thermal maturation (gas-window: Tmax: 459–468, avg. 469 ◦C,
thermal alteration index: TAI of 4-) and conversion of the original kerogen IIIo(live)-IIo(live) into oil and gas. The
present-day high organic richness, high remaining generative potential, high shale volume of the thermally
mature gas-prone kerogen, classify the Upper Safa Member as an active fair to excellent shale gas play in the
Matruh Basin. Intrabasinal and interbasinal correlations across northwestern Egypt indicate that the upper
Khatatba Formation shows locally and regionally dual source and reservoir rock characteristics due to the lateral
facies changes.

The lungs have a remarkable ability to regenerate damaged tissues caused by acute injury. Many lung diseases, especially chronic lung diseases, are associated with a reduced or disrupted regeneration potential of the lungs. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the regenerative capacity of the lungs offers the potential to identify novel therapeutic targets for these diseases. R-spondin2, a co-activator of WNT/β-catenin signaling, plays an important role in embryonic murine lung development. However, the role of Rspo2 in adult lung homeostasis and regeneration remains unknown. The aim of this study is to determine Rspo2 function in distal lung stem/progenitor cells and adult lung regeneration. In this study, we found that robust Rspo2 expression was detected in different epithelial cells, including airway club cells and alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells in the adult lungs. However, Rspo2 expression significantly decreased during the first week after naphthalene-induced airway injury and was restored by day 14 post-injury. In ex vivo 3D organoid culture, recombinant RSPO2 promoted the colony formation and differentiation of both club and AT2 cells through the activation of canonical WNT signaling. In contrast, Rspo2 ablation in club and AT2 cells significantly disrupted their expansion capacity in the ex vivo 3D organoid culture. Furthermore, mice lacking Rspo2 showed significant defects in airway regeneration after naphthalene-induced injury. Our results strongly suggest that RSPO2 plays a key role in the adult lung epithelial stem/progenitor cells during homeostasis and regeneration, and therefore, it may be a potential therapeutic target for chronic lung diseases with reduced regenerative capability.

Laterality defects during embryonic development underlie the aetiology of various clinical symptoms of neuropathological and cardiovascular disorders; however, experimental approaches to understand the underlying mechanisms are limited due to the complex organ systems of vertebrate models. Zebrafish have the ability to survive even when the heart stops beating for a while during early embryonic development and those adults with cardiac abnormalities. Therefore, we induced laterality defects and investigated the occurrence of situs solitus, situs inversus, and situs ambiguus in zebrafish development. Histopathological analysis revealed heterotaxy in both embryos and juvenile fish. Additionally, randomization of left-right asymmetry of the brain and heart in individual zebrafish embryos under artificial experimental pressure further demonstrated the advantage of transparent zebrafish embryos as an experimental tool to select or reduce the embryos with laterality defects during early embryonic development for long-term studies, including behavioural and cognitive neuroscience investigations.

The lung has a vital function in gas exchange between the blood and the external atmosphere. It also has a critical role in the immune defense against external pathogens and environmental factors. While the lung is classified as a relatively quiescent organ with little homeostatic turnover, it shows robust regenerative capacity in response to injury, mediated by the resident stem/progenitor cells. During regeneration, regionally distinct epithelial cell populations with specific functions are generated from several different types of stem/progenitor cells localized within four histologically distinguished regions: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. WNT signaling is one of the key signaling pathways involved in regulating many types of stem/progenitor cells in various organs. In addition to its developmental role in the embryonic and fetal lung, WNT signaling is critical for lung homeostasis and regeneration. In this minireview, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the understanding of the role of WNT signaling in lung regeneration with an emphasis on stem/progenitor cells.