The present paper dealing with the effects of Hall and ion-slip currents on the flow of a steady, viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting micro-polar fluid past a vertical plate in a saturated porous medium has been studied for the case of a weak concentration. The effects of viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating are incorporated in the energy equation. Governing partial differential equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations by the usual method of similarity transformation and then solved numerically with the Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique based on the Runge-Kutta sixth order iteration scheme. The expressions for the non-dimensional velocity, angular velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically for different values of the Prandtl number Pr, micro-polar parameter Δ, Grashof number Gr, permeability parameter K2, magnetic field parameter M, Hall parameter β e, ion-slip parameter β i and micro-rotational parameter λ. Further, the effects of the problem parameters on skin friction coefficients due to primary and secondary velocity, local couple stress and the local Nusselt number are constructed graphically. Comparisons with previous published works are performed and the results are found to be in favourable agreement

A simple and efficient one-pot three component synthesis of spiro{pyrido[2,1-b]benzothiazole-3,3'-indoline} and/or spiro{thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-7,3'-indoline} derivatives were carried out by the reaction of 2-mercaptoaniline and/or mercaptoacetic acid, malononitrile, and a series of 2-oxoindoline-3-ylidines in aqueous medium. This method is of great value because of its environmentally benign character, high yield processing, and easy handling.

A simple and efficient one-pot three component synthesis of spiro{pyrido[2,1-b]benzothiazole-3,3'-indoline} and/or spiro{thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-7,3'-indoline} derivatives were carried out by the reaction of 2-mercaptoaniline and/or mercaptoacetic acid, malononitrile, and a series of 2-oxoindoline-3-ylidines in aqueous medium. This method is of great value because of its environmentally benign character, high yield processing, and easy handling.

1-Hydrazino-3-thioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile (3) was subjected to react with bifunctional compounds namely: acetylacetone, ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl benzoylactate, diethylmalonate and ethyl acetoacetate to produce pyrazololthienotetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives 6e11. Also, heating of compound (3) with formic acid afforded triazolothienotetrahydroisoquinoline compound 5 which reacted with a-halogenated compounds to afford compounds 13aee. Compound 13c when heated with triethylorthoformate afforded triazolo derivative 14. Also, compound 6 was used for synthesizing compounds 18e20. Representative compounds of the synthesized triazolo and pyrazolothienotetrahydroisoquinoline products were tested and evaluated as antimicrobial agents.

1-Hydrazino-3-thioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile (3) was subjected to react with bifunctional compounds namely: acetylacetone, ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl benzoylactate, diethylmalonate and ethyl acetoacetate to produce pyrazololthienotetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives 6e11. Also, heating of compound (3) with formic acid afforded triazolothienotetrahydroisoquinoline compound 5 which reacted with a-halogenated compounds to afford compounds 13aee. Compound 13c when heated with triethylorthoformate afforded triazolo derivative 14. Also, compound 6 was used for synthesizing compounds 18e20. Representative compounds of the synthesized triazolo and pyrazolothienotetrahydroisoquinoline products were tested and evaluated as antimicrobial agents.

1-Hydrazino-3-thioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile (3) was subjected to react with bifunctional compounds namely: acetylacetone, ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl benzoylactate, diethylmalonate and ethyl acetoacetate to produce pyrazololthienotetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives 6e11. Also, heating of compound (3) with formic acid afforded triazolothienotetrahydroisoquinoline compound 5 which reacted with a-halogenated compounds to afford compounds 13aee. Compound 13c when heated with triethylorthoformate afforded triazolo derivative 14. Also, compound 6 was used for synthesizing compounds 18e20. Representative compounds of the synthesized triazolo and pyrazolothienotetrahydroisoquinoline products were tested and evaluated as antimicrobial agents.

Rotten onion bulbs were collected from different markets in Assuit governorate and screened for the presence of phytopathogenic bacteria using yeast extract-dextrose-calcium carbonate medium and King’s medium B. Thirtyfive bacterial isolates were recovered from 15 onion bulb samples. Twenty-five bacterial isolates were classified as putative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ten other unidentified bacteria were isolated at the same time and designated as Gram negative bacteria and nonflourescents. None of these bacteria have been reported as being pathogenic and it is likely that these other bacteria were present as concomitant/commensal bacteria. The causal agent of onion bulb rot was identified as Pseudomonas based on phenotypic characteristics. One representative isolate of these has been further identified as a Pseudomonas aeruginosa by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The bacteria have the ability to grow in a temperature range of 4
438C, with optimal growth at 378C. Virulence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also confirmed by the production and secretion of a large variety of enzymes capable of degrading the complex polysaccharides of the plant cell wall and membrane constituents. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were able to abundantly colonize the internal tissue of fleshy scales of onion bulbs. The virulence of the pathogen may be attributed to biofilm formation on the plant cell wall via fibrous materials as revealed by scanning electron microscopy as well as high activity of proteases, lipase, pectinases, and alkaline phosphates. This is the first evidence showing that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain E can cause soft rot of onion bulbs.