The interaction between meloxicam and sulfonatocalix [4] naphthalene was investigated
to improve the meloxicam solubility and its dissolution performance. Solubility behavior was investigated
in distilled water (DW) and at different pH conditions. Besides, solid systems were prepared
in a 1:1 molar ratio using coevaporate, kneading, and simple physical mixture techniques.
Further, they were characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, DCS, and TGA. In vitro dissolution rate for coevaporate,
kneaded, and physical mixture powders were also investigated. Solubility study revealed
that meloxicam solubility significantly increased about 23.99 folds at phosphate buffer of pH
7.4 in the presence of sulfonatocalix [4] naphthalene. The solubility phase diagram was classified as
AL type, indicating the formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex. PXRD, FT-IR, DCS, and
TGA pointed out the formation of an inclusion complex between meloxicam and sulfonatocalix [4]
naphthalene solid powders prepared using coevaporate technique. In addition, in vitro meloxicam
dissolution studies revealed an improvement of the drug dissolution rate. Furthermore, a significantly
higher drug release (p ≤ 0.05) and a complete dissolution was achieved during the first 10
min compared with the other solid powders and commercial meloxicam product. The coevaporate
product has the highest increasing dissolution fold and RDR10 in the investigated media, with average
values ranging from 5.4–65.28 folds and 7.3–90.7, respectively. In conclusion, sulfonatocalix [4]
naphthalene is a promising host carrier for enhancing the solubility and dissolution performance of
meloxicam with an anticipated enhanced bioavailability and fast action for acute and chronic pain
.disorders

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Iris is the largest genus in the family Iridaceae. Iris plants are distributed in
tropical regions of the world. They are used as ornamentals and traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids isolated from Iris spuria L.
Materials and methods: The isolated flavonoids (1-4) were identified on the basis of different spectroscopic
methods (1D- and 2D-NMR) and co-TLC with authentic samples. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested on
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production from rat-isolated peritoneal macrophages.
Modeling and docking simulations of the compounds were performed using Molecular Operating Environment
software and the crystal structure of the murine inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Results: Four flavonoids (1-4) had been isolated from the rhizomes of Iris spuria L. (Hocka Hoona) for the first
time. They were characterized as 5,7,2’-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone (1), tectorigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
(2), tectorigenin 4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and tectorigenin 4’-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 6)-β-Dglucopyranoside]
(4). The selective inducible NO synthase inhibitor; aminoguanidine was used as a positive
control. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner of the isolated compounds
along with isoflavonoids (5-9) previously isolated from Iris spuria L. (Calizona). A concentration of 60 μg/
ml of all tested compounds showed a significant inhibitory effect compared to media with LPS. Molecular
modeling experiments supported the obtained biological data.
Conclusion: Our results reveal that flavonoids isolated from I. spuria L. (Hocka Hoona) and I. spuria L. (Calizona)
appear to have a potential anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of iNOS

COVID-19 is a global pandemic first identified in China, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. One of the therapeutic strategies for combating viral infections is the search for viral spike proteins as attachment inhibitors among natural compounds using molecular docking. This review aims at shedding light on the antiviral potential of natural products belonging to the natural-products class of coumarins up to 2020. Moreover, all these compounds were filtered based on ADME analysis to determine their physicochemical properties, and the best 74 compounds were selected. Using virtual-screening methods, the selected compounds were investigated for potential inhibition of viral main protease (Mpro), viral methyltransferase (nsp16/10 complex), viral recognition binding domain (RBD) of S-protein, and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is the human receptor for viral S-protein targets, using molecular-docking studies. Promising potential results against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and methyltransferase (nsp16) are presented