Background: The atmosphere in poultry houses, particularly where ventilation is limited, can adversely affect human health. Aim of study: Assess knowledge, attitude and practice of participants at poultry farms regarding occupational health hazards Methods: cross sectional study was used in this study concluded 400 participants from Assuit district One tool used; Interview questionnaire developed to collect data. It consist of five parts first part to assess socio-demographic characteristics, second part to assess medical history, third part to assess workers' knowledge, fourth part to assess practice of workers and fifth part is likert rating scale to assess worker s' attitude. Results: Shows that 53.8% were 20- 40 years, 40.2 % had secondary school, 71.7% had poor knowledge about occupational health hazards at poultry farms, and 34.8 % had positive attitude towards occupational health hazards at poultry farms. Conclusion: There was poor knowledge among poultry workers in Assuit distract while more than one third had positive attitude towards their work. Recommendations:. Workers must wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, mask and aprons.

Refractive error (RE) is one of the most common problems of visual impairment, especially among school age children. Aim The study aimed to identify the environmental risk factors of refractive errors among primary and preparatory school children in Assiut Governorate. Subjects and Method: Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. The present study was conducted during the academic year 2012-2013 involving 12 urban and rural governmental schools. Three tools were used: Tool I: An interview questionnaire. Tool II: Socio-economic scale and Tool III: applied parallel visual screening test. Results: Female represents more than half of studied students 60.9% and 59.1% for students with RE and students without, respectively. The RE was significantly higher among students living in mixed residential areas (64.3%) compared with the other residential areas. The RE was significantly higher among the group with RE exposed to near-work activity for more than 2hours / day compared with those exposed for less than 2hours/day. Conclusion: The common risk factor of R E among primary and preparatory school children are source of pollution inside and outside home and students living in mixed residential areas have higher RE compared with the other residential areas. Recommendation: Development of national programme for early detection of visual impairment, involving both preschoolers and school age children, governmental support for providing low-cost spectacles and school support to encourage children to wear their glasses and early detection of environmental risk factors causes of poor vision, especially refractive errors.

Refractive error (RE) is one of the most common problems of visual impairment, especially among school age children. Aim The study aimed to identify the environmental risk factors of refractive errors among primary and preparatory school children in Assiut Governorate. Subjects and Method: Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. The present study was conducted during the academic year 2012-2013 involving 12 urban and rural governmental schools. Three tools were used: Tool I: An interview questionnaire. Tool II: Socio-economic scale and Tool III: applied parallel visual screening test. Results: Female represents more than half of studied students 60.9% and 59.1% for students with RE and students without, respectively. The RE was significantly higher among students living in mixed residential areas (64.3%) compared with the other residential areas. The RE was significantly higher among the group with RE exposed to near-work activity for more than 2hours / day compared with those exposed for less than 2hours/day. Conclusion: The common risk factor of R E among primary and preparatory school children are source of pollution inside and outside home and students living in mixed residential areas have higher RE compared with the other residential areas. Recommendation: Development of national programme for early detection of visual impairment, involving both preschoolers and school age children, governmental support for providing low-cost spectacles and school support to encourage children to wear their glasses and early detection of environmental risk factors causes of poor vision, especially refractive errors.

Refractive error (RE) is one of the most common problems of visual impairment, especially among school age children. Aim The study aimed to identify the environmental risk factors of refractive errors among primary and preparatory school children in Assiut Governorate. Subjects and Method: Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. The present study was conducted during the academic year 2012-2013 involving 12 urban and rural governmental schools. Three tools were used: Tool I: An interview questionnaire. Tool II: Socio-economic scale and Tool III: applied parallel visual screening test. Results: Female represents more than half of studied students 60.9% and 59.1% for students with RE and students without, respectively. The RE was significantly higher among students living in mixed residential areas (64.3%) compared with the other residential areas. The RE was significantly higher among the group with RE exposed to near-work activity for more than 2hours / day compared with those exposed for less than 2hours/day. Conclusion: The common risk factor of R E among primary and preparatory school children are source of pollution inside and outside home and students living in mixed residential areas have higher RE compared with the other residential areas. Recommendation: Development of national programme for early detection of visual impairment, involving both preschoolers and school age children, governmental support for providing low-cost spectacles and school support to encourage children to wear their glasses and early detection of environmental risk factors causes of poor vision, especially refractive errors.

Refractive error (RE) is one of the most common problems of visual impairment, especially among school age children. Aim The study aimed to identify the environmental risk factors of refractive errors among primary and preparatory school children in Assiut Governorate. Subjects and Method: Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. The present study was conducted during the academic year 2012-2013 involving 12 urban and rural governmental schools. Three tools were used: Tool I: An interview questionnaire. Tool II: Socio-economic scale and Tool III: applied parallel visual screening test. Results: Female represents more than half of studied students 60.9% and 59.1% for students with RE and students without, respectively. The RE was significantly higher among students living in mixed residential areas (64.3%) compared with the other residential areas. The RE was significantly higher among the group with RE exposed to near-work activity for more than 2hours / day compared with those exposed for less than 2hours/day. Conclusion: The common risk factor of R E among primary and preparatory school children are source of pollution inside and outside home and students living in mixed residential areas have higher RE compared with the other residential areas. Recommendation: Development of national programme for early detection of visual impairment, involving both preschoolers and school age children, governmental support for providing low-cost spectacles and school support to encourage children to wear their glasses and early detection of environmental risk factors causes of poor vision, especially refractive errors.

Background: Diabetes among elderly population is difficult because of complex co-morbid conditions and the generally lower functional status of elderly patients. In recent years, there is a rising concern that many patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Aim of the study: Determine the percentage of CAM use and its related factors in elderly diabetic patients attending diabetes clinics in Assiut city. Subjects and Methods: cross-sectional study was done. The data for this study were collected with 400 elderly diabetic patients attending diabetes outpatient clinics of Assiut University and Health Insurance Hospitals. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection from the first day of September 2013 to the first week of October 2013. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: About one third (33.8%) of the respondents used CAM in addition to conventional medicine. Most common type used was herbal medicine. The CAM use was more frequent among male patients, aged 65- 70 years, university educated and urban residents. Conclusion: About one third of the studied elderly diabetic patients used CAM and conventional medicine in managing their illness There is statistical significant difference between CAM use and sex and level of education of our respondents. Recommendations: Evidence-based CAM information should be provided to patients as part of diabetes routine management and counseling.

Background: Diabetes among elderly population is difficult because of complex co-morbid conditions and the generally lower functional status of elderly patients. In recent years, there is a rising concern that many patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Aim of the study: Determine the percentage of CAM use and its related factors in elderly diabetic patients attending diabetes clinics in Assiut city. Subjects and Methods: cross-sectional study was done. The data for this study were collected with 400 elderly diabetic patients attending diabetes outpatient clinics of Assiut University and Health Insurance Hospitals. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection from the first day of September 2013 to the first week of October 2013. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: About one third (33.8%) of the respondents used CAM in addition to conventional medicine. Most common type used was herbal medicine. The CAM use was more frequent among male patients, aged 65- 70 years, university educated and urban residents. Conclusion: About one third of the studied elderly diabetic patients used CAM and conventional medicine in managing their illness There is statistical significant difference between CAM use and sex and level of education of our respondents. Recommendations: Evidence-based CAM information should be provided to patients as part of diabetes routine management and counseling.

Autism is a neurological disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, qualitative impairments in communication, and restricted repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are relatively common without known etiology can be found in 80-90% of cases. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a parent-focused intervention for autistic children on parenting stress at Assiut City. Subjects and methods: The study was Quasi-experimental research design. It was conducted in all autism centers at Assiut city which includes 7 centers and included 73 parents who agreed to participate in this study selected by convenient sample; this sample included 47 mothers and 26 fathers. The study included three tools: - a structured interview sheet, parents’ knowledge assessment about autism, and parenting stress scale. The main results of the study indicated that there was highly statistically significant differences between mothers’ and fathers’ knowledge about autism (P-value = 0.000) in pre, immediate post-test and follow-up. Moreover there was highly statistically significant difference between Parental stress scale for mothers and fathers in pre-test and immediate post-test respectively (P-value= 0.000 *& 0.002*) while no statistically significant difference between pre-test and follow-up respectively (P-value= 0.152 & 0.417). The study Concluded that there was improvement of parents’ knowledge about autism in immediate post-test and follow up; moreover the parents’ stress level was decreased in immediate post-test than pre-test while the stress level again slightly increase during follow up test. The study recommended that: Nursing staff should play a much greater role in supporting parents and providing them with important information through pediatrics clinics, Maternal and Child Health Centers (MCH), and others.

Autism is a neurological disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, qualitative impairments in communication, and restricted repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are relatively common without known etiology can be found in 80-90% of cases. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a parent-focused intervention for autistic children on parenting stress at Assiut City. Subjects and methods: The study was Quasi-experimental research design. It was conducted in all autism centers at Assiut city which includes 7 centers and included 73 parents who agreed to participate in this study selected by convenient sample; this sample included 47 mothers and 26 fathers. The study included three tools: - a structured interview sheet, parents’ knowledge assessment about autism, and parenting stress scale. The main results of the study indicated that there was highly statistically significant differences between mothers’ and fathers’ knowledge about autism (P-value = 0.000) in pre, immediate post-test and follow-up. Moreover there was highly statistically significant difference between Parental stress scale for mothers and fathers in pre-test and immediate post-test respectively (P-value= 0.000 *& 0.002*) while no statistically significant difference between pre-test and follow-up respectively (P-value= 0.152 & 0.417). The study Concluded that there was improvement of parents’ knowledge about autism in immediate post-test and follow up; moreover the parents’ stress level was decreased in immediate post-test than pre-test while the stress level again slightly increase during follow up test. The study recommended that: Nursing staff should play a much greater role in supporting parents and providing them with important information through pediatrics clinics, Maternal and Child Health Centers (MCH), and others.

Autism is a neurological disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, qualitative impairments in communication, and restricted repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are relatively common without known etiology can be found in 80-90% of cases. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a parent-focused intervention for autistic children on parenting stress at Assiut City. Subjects and methods: The study was Quasi-experimental research design. It was conducted in all autism centers at Assiut city which includes 7 centers and included 73 parents who agreed to participate in this study selected by convenient sample; this sample included 47 mothers and 26 fathers. The study included three tools: - a structured interview sheet, parents’ knowledge assessment about autism, and parenting stress scale. The main results of the study indicated that there was highly statistically significant differences between mothers’ and fathers’ knowledge about autism (P-value = 0.000) in pre, immediate post-test and follow-up. Moreover there was highly statistically significant difference between Parental stress scale for mothers and fathers in pre-test and immediate post-test respectively (P-value= 0.000 *& 0.002*) while no statistically significant difference between pre-test and follow-up respectively (P-value= 0.152 & 0.417). The study Concluded that there was improvement of parents’ knowledge about autism in immediate post-test and follow up; moreover the parents’ stress level was decreased in immediate post-test than pre-test while the stress level again slightly increase during follow up test. The study recommended that: Nursing staff should play a much greater role in supporting parents and providing them with important information through pediatrics clinics, Maternal and Child Health Centers (MCH), and others.