Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect; occurring in approximately 8 out of every 1,000 births The American Heart Association (AHA) estimates that 1 in 150 adults are living with CHD Obesity may pose additional cardiovascular risk to children with acquired and congenital heart disease. Aims:to explore the relation between the obesity and congenital heart diseases in school age children. Design: - Comparative descriptive research design was used to fit the nature of this study. Setting: Outpatient University Hospital of Assuit and Sohage of school age children Subjects: This study included 200 of age during the School age children period from March to December 2014. They were selected randomly and divided into two equal groups; Group I (Assuit) and Group II (Sohag group) included 100school age children for every group. Results:The results showed that both sex were approximately 65 maleand 35 female presented among Assuit and 42 male and 58 female from Sohag groups.Also It observed that Statistical significant differences were found in both groups as regard age, birth order, gender, residence P= 0.001,p= 0.002, , = P= 0.008, it was noted that urban residence in Assuit more than in Sohag group.Statistical significant difference was found between the two groups as regard body mass index and the majority of children were represented obesity in both Assuit and Sohag group (45.0%, 58.0%) respectively. As these children already present the risks associated to heart disease, it was noted that urban residence in Assuit more than in Sohag group. Finally there was strongly relation between obesity and congenital heart defect in both studied group Conclusions: it was concluded that therelation between growthmeasurements weight and height. highly statistical in the studied group in Assuit andSohag universityhospitals and between the two groups as regard body mass index and the majority of children were represented obesity in both Assuit and Sohag group (45.0%, 58.0%) respectively. Obesity was strongly associated with congenital heart defects in the both studied group..: RecommendationNutritional and obesity educational programs must be monitored and evaluated regularly to determine progress towards nutritional goals. It is particularly important to promote a healthy lifestyle in this group.Finally educational programs should be provided to increase knowledge and skills of health care professionals in applying obesity and congenital heart diseases as a management of obesity to decrease the complication,.

Dietary management is an essential component of diabetes care and management. The general goal of dietary management is to help diabetic client improve metabolic control by making change in nutrition habit. The aim of this study was to: Assess the dietary compliance among diabetic patients in diabetic clinic in Assuit university hospital. The study was conducted in diabetic clinics in Assiut university Hospital. Patients who attending to follow up and agreed to participate in the study were included in the subjects; their number was 196 diabetic patients. Data was collected through interviewed patients individually using a developed questionnaire sheet. Results of this study indicated that more than one third 36.7% of the study sample had good scores in knowledge and one quarter 25.0% of them had good scores in dietary compliance and also indicated to found statistical significant difference relation between socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and dietary compliance. The community health nurse is considered the most important member of the health team in teaching, counseling and caring for the diabetic patient. She acts as a liaison person between the diabetic clinic and the patient at home. This study also suggested more detailed instructions about the importance and effectiveness of therapeutic diet for control of diabetes and follow up by community health nurse regularly.

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The aims of this study were to identify factors associated smoking among children aged from 6–18 years and to asses hazards of smoking among children. The study was conducted in Assiut city and 3 villages chosen randomly which were El-masara, El-hammam, and Kom El-mansura. Children and their parents whose agreed to participate in the study were included in the subjects, their number was 120 smokers children and their parents. Data was collected through interviewed children and their parents individually using a developed questionnaire sheet. Anthropometrical measurements were conducted for each child and recorded included weight, height, head circumference, chest and mid arm circumferences. Results of this study indicated that majority of children 92.2% were using cigarette, parental factor was the first one associated smoking among children followed by economical factor, peer pressure, sociological factor and psychological factor. Statistical significant differences were found between duration of smoking , number of smoking per day and the prevalence of respiratory and or physical complaints. The studied children had lower average rates of anthropometrical measurements than the average rates of their same age from the text book, while duration of smoking and number of smoking per day had no effect on children anthropometrical measurements. Nurses play an important role in helping smokers especially children aged from 6-18 years old through intervention of health promotion programs for prevention and cessation of smoking. This study also suggested future researches to determine the magnitude of children smoking problems and its impact on their health and anthropometrical measurements in Assiut.

The aims of this study were to identify factors associated smoking among children aged from 6–18 years and to asses hazards of smoking among children. The study was conducted in Assiut city and 3 villages chosen randomly which were El-masara, El-hammam, and Kom El-mansura. Children and their parents whose agreed to participate in the study were included in the subjects, their number was 120 smokers children and their parents. Data was collected through interviewed children and their parents individually using a developed questionnaire sheet. Anthropometrical measurements were conducted for each child and recorded included weight, height, head circumference, chest and mid arm circumferences. Results of this study indicated that majority of children 92.2% were using cigarette, parental factor was the first one associated smoking among children followed by economical factor, peer pressure, sociological factor and psychological factor. Statistical significant differences were found between duration of smoking , number of smoking per day and the prevalence of respiratory and or physical complaints. The studied children had lower average rates of anthropometrical measurements than the average rates of their same age from the text book, while duration of smoking and number of smoking per day had no effect on children anthropometrical measurements. Nurses play an important role in helping smokers especially children aged from 6-18 years old through intervention of health promotion programs for prevention and cessation of smoking. This study also suggested future researches to determine the magnitude of children smoking problems and its impact on their health and anthropometrical measurements in Assiut.

The aims of this study were to identify factors associated smoking among children aged from 6–18 years and to asses hazards of smoking among children. The study was conducted in Assiut city and 3 villages chosen randomly which were El-masara, El-hammam, and Kom El-mansura. Children and their parents whose agreed to participate in the study were included in the subjects, their number was 120 smokers children and their parents. Data was collected through interviewed children and their parents individually using a developed questionnaire sheet. Anthropometrical measurements were conducted for each child and recorded included weight, height, head circumference, chest and mid arm circumferences. Results of this study indicated that majority of children 92.2% were using cigarette, parental factor was the first one associated smoking among children followed by economical factor, peer pressure, sociological factor and psychological factor. Statistical significant differences were found between duration of smoking , number of smoking per day and the prevalence of respiratory and or physical complaints. The studied children had lower average rates of anthropometrical measurements than the average rates of their same age from the text book, while duration of smoking and number of smoking per day had no effect on children anthropometrical measurements. Nurses play an important role in helping smokers especially children aged from 6-18 years old through intervention of health promotion programs for prevention and cessation of smoking. This study also suggested future researches to determine the magnitude of children smoking problems and its impact on their health and anthropometrical measurements in Assiut.

Abstract: The study aimed to: 1- Assess knowledge and practice of nurses regarding prevention of infection for children under hemodialysis. 2- Evaluate the effect of educational nursing program on nurses' knowledge and practice regarding prevention of infection among children undergoing hemodialysis. Research Design: Quasi experimental research design. Setting: The study was conducted in renal dialysis unit at Assiut Children University Hospital. Subjects: A convenient sample of 32 nurses working in the pediatric renal dialysis unit who accepted to participate in this study. Tools: 1- Structured questionnaire sheet about nurses knowledge including sociodemographic data; nurses' knowledge about renal failure, renal dialysis, general precautions and general precautions during nursing care for children under hemodialysis. 2- An observational checklist sheet: It was developed by the researcher to assess nurses' practice for children under hemodialysis. It was applied before and after 2 months of the implementation of the educational program. It consisted of - general and specific precautions during care of children under hemodialysis and application of infection control measures. Results: The levels of knowledge score were satisfactory among 90.6% of nurses. There was highly significant improvement of the nurses practice scores regarding general precautions, hand washing, wearing gloves, wearing mask, catheter insertion, skin preparation technique, care of patients equipment, dealing with sharp objects, dealing with blood, body secretions and fluids, maintain clean environment and safe injection practices in addition to the total practice score. There was significant improvement in items of the nurses' practice as laboratory-style covering coats, full isolation, and catheter care. The practice score level was adequate among 68.7% while inadequate among 31.3% of nurses. There were significantly higher nurses' knowledge score and levels of improvement of their knowledge score after the education program among older nurses and those with Bachelor of nursing. Conclusion: Nurses' knowledge and practices regarding hemodialysis and infection control guidelines are inadequate. Application of nursing education program about infection control measures when dealing with children under hemodialysis had significant improvement in nurse's knowledge and practice. Recommendations: Nurses should be encouraged to attend specific meetings as workshops and seminars held for infectious diseases and infection control to be acquainted with the recent advances and skills in hemodialysis unit.

Abstract: The study aimed to: 1- Assess knowledge and practice of nurses regarding prevention of infection for children under hemodialysis. 2- Evaluate the effect of educational nursing program on nurses' knowledge and practice regarding prevention of infection among children undergoing hemodialysis. Research Design: Quasi experimental research design. Setting: The study was conducted in renal dialysis unit at Assiut Children University Hospital. Subjects: A convenient sample of 32 nurses working in the pediatric renal dialysis unit who accepted to participate in this study. Tools: 1- Structured questionnaire sheet about nurses knowledge including sociodemographic data; nurses' knowledge about renal failure, renal dialysis, general precautions and general precautions during nursing care for children under hemodialysis. 2- An observational checklist sheet: It was developed by the researcher to assess nurses' practice for children under hemodialysis. It was applied before and after 2 months of the implementation of the educational program. It consisted of - general and specific precautions during care of children under hemodialysis and application of infection control measures. Results: The levels of knowledge score were satisfactory among 90.6% of nurses. There was highly significant improvement of the nurses practice scores regarding general precautions, hand washing, wearing gloves, wearing mask, catheter insertion, skin preparation technique, care of patients equipment, dealing with sharp objects, dealing with blood, body secretions and fluids, maintain clean environment and safe injection practices in addition to the total practice score. There was significant improvement in items of the nurses' practice as laboratory-style covering coats, full isolation, and catheter care. The practice score level was adequate among 68.7% while inadequate among 31.3% of nurses. There were significantly higher nurses' knowledge score and levels of improvement of their knowledge score after the education program among older nurses and those with Bachelor of nursing. Conclusion: Nurses' knowledge and practices regarding hemodialysis and infection control guidelines are inadequate. Application of nursing education program about infection control measures when dealing with children under hemodialysis had significant improvement in nurse's knowledge and practice. Recommendations: Nurses should be encouraged to attend specific meetings as workshops and seminars held for infectious diseases and infection control to be acquainted with the recent advances and skills in hemodialysis unit.

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