Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in managing predominantly cystic benign thyroid nodules in euthyroid individuals and avoid complication of surgery, provide symptomatic, cosmetic improvement, decrease the hospital stay and rapid recovery. Patients and methods The study is an experimental clinical trial. Twenty patients (34.20 ± 7.52 years; 60% women) with symptomatic benign thyroid cysts were included. In all cases, cytology before treatment, thyroid function before and after PEI, maximum cyst diameter, and volume were determined. PEI was conducted using 99% sterile ethanol, and pain perceived by the patients was assessed. After follow‑up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined. Results The patients mean age was 34.20 ± 7.52 years, and 60% were females. A single session of PEI was required to complete the procedure. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 4.3 cm. Mean reduction in the cyst volume was 94.38%±4.04. During PEI, 40% of patients experienced pain. No complications of PEI were observed. After 6 months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 95% in 75% of patients, and reduced less than 95% in 25% of patients. Conclusion PEI can be the first‑line treatment of benign thyroid cysts. It is a highly efficacious and safe technique with improvement in clinical conditions, with very low recurrence rate, and with no complications except pain associated with injection, which can be managed by analgesic.

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in managing predominantly cystic benign thyroid nodules in euthyroid individuals and avoid complication of surgery, provide symptomatic, cosmetic improvement, decrease the hospital stay and rapid recovery. Patients and methods The study is an experimental clinical trial. Twenty patients (34.20 ± 7.52 years; 60% women) with symptomatic benign thyroid cysts were included. In all cases, cytology before treatment, thyroid function before and after PEI, maximum cyst diameter, and volume were determined. PEI was conducted using 99% sterile ethanol, and pain perceived by the patients was assessed. After follow‑up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined. Results The patients mean age was 34.20 ± 7.52 years, and 60% were females. A single session of PEI was required to complete the procedure. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 4.3 cm. Mean reduction in the cyst volume was 94.38%±4.04. During PEI, 40% of patients experienced pain. No complications of PEI were observed. After 6 months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 95% in 75% of patients, and reduced less than 95% in 25% of patients. Conclusion PEI can be the first‑line treatment of benign thyroid cysts. It is a highly efficacious and safe technique with improvement in clinical conditions, with very low recurrence rate, and with no complications except pain associated with injection, which can be managed by analgesic.

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in managing predominantly cystic benign thyroid nodules in euthyroid individuals and avoid complication of surgery, provide symptomatic, cosmetic improvement, decrease the hospital stay and rapid recovery. Patients and methods The study is an experimental clinical trial. Twenty patients (34.20 ± 7.52 years; 60% women) with symptomatic benign thyroid cysts were included. In all cases, cytology before treatment, thyroid function before and after PEI, maximum cyst diameter, and volume were determined. PEI was conducted using 99% sterile ethanol, and pain perceived by the patients was assessed. After follow‑up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined. Results The patients mean age was 34.20 ± 7.52 years, and 60% were females. A single session of PEI was required to complete the procedure. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 4.3 cm. Mean reduction in the cyst volume was 94.38%±4.04. During PEI, 40% of patients experienced pain. No complications of PEI were observed. After 6 months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 95% in 75% of patients, and reduced less than 95% in 25% of patients. Conclusion PEI can be the first‑line treatment of benign thyroid cysts. It is a highly efficacious and safe technique with improvement in clinical conditions, with very low recurrence rate, and with no complications except pain associated with injection, which can be managed by analgesic.

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in managing predominantly cystic benign thyroid nodules in euthyroid individuals and avoid complication of surgery, provide symptomatic, cosmetic improvement, decrease the hospital stay and rapid recovery. Patients and methods The study is an experimental clinical trial. Twenty patients (34.20 ± 7.52 years; 60% women) with symptomatic benign thyroid cysts were included. In all cases, cytology before treatment, thyroid function before and after PEI, maximum cyst diameter, and volume were determined. PEI was conducted using 99% sterile ethanol, and pain perceived by the patients was assessed. After follow‑up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined. Results The patients mean age was 34.20 ± 7.52 years, and 60% were females. A single session of PEI was required to complete the procedure. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 4.3 cm. Mean reduction in the cyst volume was 94.38%±4.04. During PEI, 40% of patients experienced pain. No complications of PEI were observed. After 6 months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 95% in 75% of patients, and reduced less than 95% in 25% of patients. Conclusion PEI can be the first‑line treatment of benign thyroid cysts. It is a highly efficacious and safe technique with improvement in clinical conditions, with very low recurrence rate, and with no complications except pain associated with injection, which can be managed by analgesic.

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Objectives: The study aimed to present our center’s experience with long-standing urethral stones in male children with normal urethra. Materials and Methods: Retrospective search of our center data was done for the cases of long-standing urethral stones with normal urethra in male children during the period July 2001 – June 2016. Demographic and clinical data were studied. Results: Of more than 54,000 urolithiasis procedures, 17 male children (0.031%) were operated for long-standing urethral stones with normal urethra. In 14 cases (82.4%), residence was rural and parental education levels were low or none. All children were regularly prompted voiding with a history of difficulty or dysuria. All the stones lodged in the posterior urethra with an approximate mean duration of 2 months. The mean stone size of 11.29 ± 3.88 mm and rough surfaces in 88.2% of cases represented the main predisposing factors. Major complications included rectal prolapse in 1 case and vesicoureteral reflux in 3 cases. Endoscopic push-back was followed by disintegration in 76.5% or cystolithotomy in 17.7%, while it failed in 1 case that was treated by cystolithotomy. Conclusions: Long-standing urethral stones in male children with normal urethra are very rare misdiagnoses. Stone topography and sociocultural factors predisposed to their lodgments and negligence. Endoscopic treatment is the best approach.

Objectives: The study aimed to present our center’s experience with long-standing urethral stones in male children with normal urethra. Materials and Methods: Retrospective search of our center data was done for the cases of long-standing urethral stones with normal urethra in male children during the period July 2001 – June 2016. Demographic and clinical data were studied. Results: Of more than 54,000 urolithiasis procedures, 17 male children (0.031%) were operated for long-standing urethral stones with normal urethra. In 14 cases (82.4%), residence was rural and parental education levels were low or none. All children were regularly prompted voiding with a history of difficulty or dysuria. All the stones lodged in the posterior urethra with an approximate mean duration of 2 months. The mean stone size of 11.29 ± 3.88 mm and rough surfaces in 88.2% of cases represented the main predisposing factors. Major complications included rectal prolapse in 1 case and vesicoureteral reflux in 3 cases. Endoscopic push-back was followed by disintegration in 76.5% or cystolithotomy in 17.7%, while it failed in 1 case that was treated by cystolithotomy. Conclusions: Long-standing urethral stones in male children with normal urethra are very rare misdiagnoses. Stone topography and sociocultural factors predisposed to their lodgments and negligence. Endoscopic treatment is the best approach.

Objectives: The study aimed to present our center’s experience with long-standing urethral stones in male children with normal urethra. Materials and Methods: Retrospective search of our center data was done for the cases of long-standing urethral stones with normal urethra in male children during the period July 2001 – June 2016. Demographic and clinical data were studied. Results: Of more than 54,000 urolithiasis procedures, 17 male children (0.031%) were operated for long-standing urethral stones with normal urethra. In 14 cases (82.4%), residence was rural and parental education levels were low or none. All children were regularly prompted voiding with a history of difficulty or dysuria. All the stones lodged in the posterior urethra with an approximate mean duration of 2 months. The mean stone size of 11.29 ± 3.88 mm and rough surfaces in 88.2% of cases represented the main predisposing factors. Major complications included rectal prolapse in 1 case and vesicoureteral reflux in 3 cases. Endoscopic push-back was followed by disintegration in 76.5% or cystolithotomy in 17.7%, while it failed in 1 case that was treated by cystolithotomy. Conclusions: Long-standing urethral stones in male children with normal urethra are very rare misdiagnoses. Stone topography and sociocultural factors predisposed to their lodgments and negligence. Endoscopic treatment is the best approach.