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Copper @ eggshell nanocomposite/chitosan gelified carbon paste electrode as an electrochemical biosensor for l-tyrosine analysis as a biomarker in the serum of normal and liver disease patients
L-Tyrosine (L-Tyr), an amino acid, has emerged as a potential biomarker for the detection and monitoring of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). By analysing the serum levels of L-Tyr, healthcare pro fessionals can gain insights into the progression and development of these liver diseases. The utilization of L-Tyr as a biomarker holds potential for early detection and timely intervention, improving patient outcomes and treatment options. In this study we developed a novel nanocomposite based on eggshell waste and copper nanoparticles to modify carbon paste electrode (CPE) using chitosan gel as a binder for sensitive estimation of LTyr in human serum samples. The use of chitosan gel avoids the insulating effect of paraffin oil that was usually used for fabrication of CPE and enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of the modified electrode. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used to optimize the electrochemical parameters of the oxidation of L-Tyr onto the surface of the fabricated electrode (CuNPs@ESh/CS/CPE). The prepared composite was characterized using Xray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform - Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–VIS spectroscopy and scan elec tron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedence spectroscopy (EIS). The fabricated biosensor could es timate L-Tyr levels in controls, LC and HCC patients’ serum with high accuracy and sensitivity. The obtained results demonstrated the presence of significant difference in L-Tyr levels in the three studied groups. This in dicates that L-Tyr amino acid may serve as a crucial biomarker for the evaluation of such liver diseases.
