To compare the visual and refractive outcomes of wavefront-optimized (WFO) ablations (wavelight allegretto) and wavefront-guided (WFG) ablations (VISX Custom Vue). Overall, two consecutive groups of eyes were treated for myopia and myopic astigmatism with laser in-situ keratomileusis. One group was treated with WFO ablation and the other group was treated with WFG ablation. Preoperative and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperative refractive evaluation (efficacy, safety, predictability, accuracy, stability, and refractive astigmatism), higher order aberrations (HOAs), and contrast sensitivity were analyzed. The WFO group comprised 20 eyes of 11 patients and the WFG group comprised 34 eyes of 17 patients. Postoperatively, the mean refractive spherical equivalent was −0.21±0.30 D in WFO group and −0.23D±0.57 D in WFG group. The mean values for postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity were 0.93±0.15 and 0.96±0.16 in WFO and WFG groups, respectively. Safety index was 1.11 in WFO group and 1.17 in WFG group. Six months postoperatively, in WFO group, the induced HOA root mean square (RMS) was 0.25±0.21 μm (<i>P</i>=0.007), induced coma RMS was 0.07±0.23 μm (<i>P</i>=0.84), and induced spherical aberration RMS was 0.03±0.12 μm (<i>P</i>=0.467), whereas induced trefoil RMS was −0.09±0.23 μm (<i>P</i>=0.003). In WFG group, induced HOA RMS was 0.9±0.11 μm (<i>P</i>=0.002), induced coma RMS was 0.01±0.30 μm (<i>P</i>=0.065), and induced spherical aberration RMS was 0.09±0.17 μm (<i>P</i>=0.214), whereas induced trefoil RMS was 0.04±0.15 μm (<i>P</i>=0.005). Contrast sensitivity testing showed a statistically significant improvement in both groups at low spatial frequencies test. Both WFG and WFO showed comparable accuracy, efficacy, and safety with nearly equal induction of all HOA.

We scanned uniformly-sized particles of brass, aluminum, glass, and plastic at ultrasonic frequencies of 10 and 50 MHz to determine the effects of material type and transducer frequency on the ultrasonographic appearance of these particles. The particles were scanned in vitro against both anechoic and echoic backgrounds and in vivo, implanted in the angle of rabbit eyes. Both the metals and glass produced reverberations against an anechoic background; the plastic particles appeared as discrete objects, with no reverberations. Against an echoic background, the plastic particles created prominent shadows, while the metal ones did not. When placed in the angle of a rabbit eye, with the exception of the plastic at 10 MHz, all the materials could be differentiated from surrounding tissues at both frequencies. However, the appearance of the foreign body and the surrounding tissues, as well as their exact location and size, were most obvious with the 50-MHz system. In general, the particles produced more reverberations at 10 than at 50 MHz, and more prominent shadowing at 50 than at 10 MHz. In summary, high-frequency imaging enabled superior characterization of all the particles.

PURPOSE: To discuss the relation between congenital upper eyelid coloboma and cryptophthalmos and to present a new grading for both conditions.

METHODS: Observational case series study. Twenty-six children (age range, one day after birth to 15 years old) were included in the study: 19 with upper eyelid coloboma, 4 with classic cryptophthalmos, and 3 with both eyelid coloboma and cryptophthalmos.

RESULTS: Of the 19 cases of upper eyelid coloboma, 5 occurred in isolation, 11 were associated with facial deformities, and 3 were part of a first arch syndrome (according to the Mustarde classification). All cases of classic cryptophthalmos were sporadic and nonsyndromic. All patients with coloboma with facial deformities, cryptophthalmos, and both eyelid coloboma and cryptophthalmos had similar associated facial abnormalities.

CONCLUSION: Upper eyelid colobomas with facial deformities and cryptophthalmos can be considered as one anomaly. A new grading for this anomaly has been suggested. Grade 1: Coloboma without cryptophthalmos. Grade 2: Coloboma with abortive cryptophthalmos. Grade 3: Coloboma with complete cryptophthalmos. Grade 4: Classic cryptophthalmos (absence of all eyelid structures and the eye is completely covered with skin). Grade 5: Severe cryptophthalmos (with severe deformity of the nose and ectropion of the upper lip).