Background and Purpose: To detect sensitivity and specificity of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as a non-invasive technique in the detection of de-novo cases of cancer larynx
Patients and methods: Patients included in this research were patients suspected of de-novo cancer larynx; This study is a prospective randomized comparative clinical trial.
Results: The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of laryngeal lesions (0.73± SD 0.23 x10-.3 mm2) was lower (p < 0.001) than the mean of the normal part of the larynx in the same patients (1.09± SD 0.099 x 10-.3 mm2), The cut-off value of the ADC using receiver operating characteristics was Conclusion: DWI is an easily reproducible and non-invasive technique that can accurately explore the larynx and became a very important diagnostic tool of laryngeal diseases. This study demonstrated the cut-off point of ADC value for discrimination of malignant lesion is <0.87x 10-.3 mm2/s with restricted diffusion in DWI images.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD varies greatly among studies, and accounts for increased morbidity and mortality among patients with COPD. This study aims to evaluate prevalence of pulmonary hypertension, possible predictors and effect on exercise capacity.

Methods: 73 COPD patients were grouped into 2 groups according to presence of pulmonary hypertension. Assessment included full clinical history, mMRC dyspnea scale and COPD assessment test. Transthoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) using incremental treadmill exercises protocol.

Results: 43 COPD patients (58.9%) suffered from pulmonary hypertension, 58.1% of them were males. COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension had significantly lower parameters of pulmonary function tests either pre or post-bronchodilator; significantly lower pH, PO2 and SO2 either before or after CPET. Mean pulmonary artery pressure had significant negative correlations with FEV1 (r= -0.27, p= 0.02), pre-test PaO2 (r= -0.38, p< 0.001), post-test PaO2 (r= -0.28, p= 0.01), predicted VO2 (r= -0.62, p< 0.001), predicted BR (r= -0.42, p< 0.001) and oxygen pulse (r= -0.48, p< 0.001). Predictors of pulmonary hypertension among COPD patients were oxygen saturation before the test (OR= 0.59, 95%CI= 0.39-0.90) and oxygen pulse (OR= 0.55, 95%CI= 0.35-0.87).

Conclusion: pulmonary hypertension is negatively correlated with exercise capacity, specifically peak VO2 percent predicted. Predictors of pulmonary hypertension among COPD patients were oxygen saturation before the test and oxygen pulse.

Cholesteatoma is a common disease of the middle ear cleft associated with several complications, Surgery is the mainstay for the management of such a pathological condition, however, complications may occur including intracranial ones due to violation of middle cranial fossa dura. Anatomical variations have been reported and High-resolution CT scan is the major tool for detecting such variations. In this study, we aim to determine if there is a difference between tegmen height between both sides of patients with unilateral cholesteatoma. 21 patients were recruited for such study all underwent HRCT and the tegmen height was determined in two coronal planes, the first between the central point of the Henle spine and the tegmen, the other between the plane of both lateral canals and the roof of the middle ear. The tegmen height measurements showed that the affected side had significantly lower tegmen height …

Background

Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is defined as the presence of a middle ear fluid in the absence of symptoms of acute infection. The adenoid plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OME. Management of OME consisted of many choices, including auto inflation and medical treatment. Surgery was indicated in cases where the effusion does not resolve spontaneously or has failed medical treatment for 3 months.

Aim

The purpose of this study is to compare the outcome of secretory otitis media in patients with adenoids hypertrophy who underwent adenoidectomy alone, adenoidectomy and myringotomy, or adenoidectomy with tympanostomy tube (TT) application.

Patients and methods

This study included a total of 150 patients who suffered from persistent OME due to adenoid enlargement and were planned for adenoidectomy alone, with myringotomy or with TT insertion. The included patients were divided randomly into three groups.

Results

The results of the tympanogram after six months of healed myringotomy were significantly improved in group III compared to group I and group II. According to age class, 18 cases <4 years old, 23 cases between 4 and 8 years old, and 21 cases >8 years old were cured, and these differences were statistically significant. Regarding other factors, there were no statistically significant results.

Conclusion

Below the age of 4 years old, Clinicians may perform adenoidectomy as an adjunct to TT insertion for children with symptoms directly related to the adenoids, while above age of 4 years old, adenoidectomy and TT insertion has the best results.

We report a case of concomitant skull base and atlanto-axial hyperpneumatization complicated by symptomatic pneumorrachis and cervical emphysema. A computed tomography (CT) scan of brain and spine highlighted a hyperpneumatization of the right temporal bone, the sphenoidal and occipital clivus, the occipital bone, and the first two cervical vertebrae, associated with epidural pneumorrrachis and cervical emphysema. A dehiscence in the right spheno-petrosal cleft as the site of abnormal communication between the hyperpneumatized cells and the epidural space was identified and repaired through an endoscopic transnasal transethmoidal approach. Postoperative course was uneventful and a 3-month postoperative CT scan of brain and spine showed a reduction of free air around the spinal cord, brainstem, and the cervical soft tissues and complete closure of the spheno-petrosal dehiscence. A comprehensive literature review focusing on pathogenesis, radiologic findings and treatment of cranio-cervical hyperpneumatization and its complications is herein presented.