Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a worldwide neglected disease, prevalent among children from socio-economically disadvantaged populations in temperate and tropical regions. Infections may go undiagnosed as the required diagnostic tests; serological, molecular and/or imaging examinations are expensive, which may not be affordable or available. We aimed to establish predictors useful in the diagnosis of VLM in children in Upper Egypt. A one year cross-sectional study was conducted at Assiut University Children's Hospital and eighty-one children aged between 6 months to 13 years old (mean± SD 5.7 ± 3.2 years) were eligible to our inclusion criteria, 55.6% of them were males. Socio-demographic risk factors, clinical, laboratory and imaging tests were collected. ELISA (anti-T. canis IgG) results were positive in 60.5%. By using the bivariate analysis, a significant association was found between seropositive ELISA and younger age less than four years (p-value 0.0001), having underground water at their homes (p= 0.004), previous history of parasitic infection (p= 0.003) and positive liver ultrasonographic findings (p=0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression model with positive and negative ELISA results as a dependent factor, younger age (4 years), history of parasitic infestation and positive liver ultrasonographic findings were found to be significant predictors, while no significant association with other factors was identified. Thus, clinicians should consider the positive liver ultrasonographic changes with the earlier history of parasitic infection in children under four years as predictors for VLM infection, according to which they should undergo ELISA or other tests to confirm their diagnosis.

Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a worldwide neglected disease, prevalent among children from socio-economically disadvantaged populations in temperate and tropical regions. Infections may go undiagnosed as the required diagnostic tests; serological, molecular and/or imaging examinations are expensive, which may not be affordable or available. We aimed to establish predictors useful in the diagnosis of VLM in children in Upper Egypt. A one year cross-sectional study was conducted at Assiut University Children's Hospital and eighty-one children aged between 6 months to 13 years old (mean± SD 5.7 ± 3.2 years) were eligible to our inclusion criteria, 55.6% of them were males. Socio-demographic risk factors, clinical, laboratory and imaging tests were collected. ELISA (anti-T. canis IgG) results were positive in 60.5%. By using the bivariate analysis, a significant association was found between seropositive ELISA and younger age less than four years (p-value 0.0001), having underground water at their homes (p= 0.004), previous history of parasitic infection (p= 0.003) and positive liver ultrasonographic findings (p=0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression model with positive and negative ELISA results as a dependent factor, younger age (4 years), history of parasitic infestation and positive liver ultrasonographic findings were found to be significant predictors, while no significant association with other factors was identified. Thus, clinicians should consider the positive liver ultrasonographic changes with the earlier history of parasitic infection in children under four years as predictors for VLM infection, according to which they should undergo ELISA or other tests to confirm their diagnosis.

Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a worldwide neglected disease, prevalent among children from socio-economically disadvantaged populations in temperate and tropical regions. Infections may go undiagnosed as the required diagnostic tests; serological, molecular and/or imaging examinations are expensive, which may not be affordable or available. We aimed to establish predictors useful in the diagnosis of VLM in children in Upper Egypt. A one year cross-sectional study was conducted at Assiut University Children's Hospital and eighty-one children aged between 6 months to 13 years old (mean± SD 5.7 ± 3.2 years) were eligible to our inclusion criteria, 55.6% of them were males. Socio-demographic risk factors, clinical, laboratory and imaging tests were collected. ELISA (anti-T. canis IgG) results were positive in 60.5%. By using the bivariate analysis, a significant association was found between seropositive ELISA and younger age less than four years (p-value 0.0001), having underground water at their homes (p= 0.004), previous history of parasitic infection (p= 0.003) and positive liver ultrasonographic findings (p=0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression model with positive and negative ELISA results as a dependent factor, younger age (4 years), history of parasitic infestation and positive liver ultrasonographic findings were found to be significant predictors, while no significant association with other factors was identified. Thus, clinicians should consider the positive liver ultrasonographic changes with the earlier history of parasitic infection in children under four years as predictors for VLM infection, according to which they should undergo ELISA or other tests to confirm their diagnosis.

Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a worldwide neglected disease, prevalent among children from socio-economically disadvantaged populations in temperate and tropical regions. Infections may go undiagnosed as the required diagnostic tests; serological, molecular and/or imaging examinations are expensive, which may not be affordable or available. We aimed to establish predictors useful in the diagnosis of VLM in children in Upper Egypt. A one year cross-sectional study was conducted at Assiut University Children's Hospital and eighty-one children aged between 6 months to 13 years old (mean± SD 5.7 ± 3.2 years) were eligible to our inclusion criteria, 55.6% of them were males. Socio-demographic risk factors, clinical, laboratory and imaging tests were collected. ELISA (anti-T. canis IgG) results were positive in 60.5%. By using the bivariate analysis, a significant association was found between seropositive ELISA and younger age less than four years (p-value 0.0001), having underground water at their homes (p= 0.004), previous history of parasitic infection (p= 0.003) and positive liver ultrasonographic findings (p=0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression model with positive and negative ELISA results as a dependent factor, younger age (4 years), history of parasitic infestation and positive liver ultrasonographic findings were found to be significant predictors, while no significant association with other factors was identified. Thus, clinicians should consider the positive liver ultrasonographic changes with the earlier history of parasitic infection in children under four years as predictors for VLM infection, according to which they should undergo ELISA or other tests to confirm their diagnosis.

Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a worldwide neglected disease, prevalent among children from socio-economically disadvantaged populations in temperate and tropical regions. Infections may go undiagnosed as the required diagnostic tests; serological, molecular and/or imaging examinations are expensive, which may not be affordable or available. We aimed to establish predictors useful in the diagnosis of VLM in children in Upper Egypt. A one year cross-sectional study was conducted at Assiut University Children's Hospital and eighty-one children aged between 6 months to 13 years old (mean± SD 5.7 ± 3.2 years) were eligible to our inclusion criteria, 55.6% of them were males. Socio-demographic risk factors, clinical, laboratory and imaging tests were collected. ELISA (anti-T. canis IgG) results were positive in 60.5%. By using the bivariate analysis, a significant association was found between seropositive ELISA and younger age less than four years (p-value 0.0001), having underground water at their homes (p= 0.004), previous history of parasitic infection (p= 0.003) and positive liver ultrasonographic findings (p=0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression model with positive and negative ELISA results as a dependent factor, younger age (4 years), history of parasitic infestation and positive liver ultrasonographic findings were found to be significant predictors, while no significant association with other factors was identified. Thus, clinicians should consider the positive liver ultrasonographic changes with the earlier history of parasitic infection in children under four years as predictors for VLM infection, according to which they should undergo ELISA or other tests to confirm their diagnosis.

Introduction: Sleep occupies almost a third of our life and thus is an important aspect of our life. It is essential to physical and mental growth and stability. Deprivation of sleep not only weakens physical and mental functions, lowers work productivity also could cause mental problems. Aim of the study: To describe sleep characteristics and sleep disturbances among female students in practical faculties of Assiut University in Egypt. Subjects and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 306 female students in Assiut University in Upper Egypt. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: About 61% of the students slept about 6-8 hours per night, whereas 24.2% of them slept > 8 hours per night. Intermittent sleep was reported in 37.9% of them and 70% had daytime naps. 43.1% spent a long time to fall asleep. Intermittent sleep was significantly associated with residing in university hostels (P =0.025), short sleep time (6 hours) (P = 0.002), spending long time to fall asleep (P 0.001) , presence of headache (P = 0.013), bad appetite (P = 0.001) and disturbed bowel habits (P = 0.030). Conclusion: Raising the awareness about good sleep quality by multidisciplinary approach is recommended.

Introduction: Sleep occupies almost a third of our life and thus is an important aspect of our life. It is essential to physical and mental growth and stability. Deprivation of sleep not only weakens physical and mental functions, lowers work productivity also could cause mental problems. Aim of the study: To describe sleep characteristics and sleep disturbances among female students in practical faculties of Assiut University in Egypt. Subjects and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 306 female students in Assiut University in Upper Egypt. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: About 61% of the students slept about 6-8 hours per night, whereas 24.2% of them slept > 8 hours per night. Intermittent sleep was reported in 37.9% of them and 70% had daytime naps. 43.1% spent a long time to fall asleep. Intermittent sleep was significantly associated with residing in university hostels (P =0.025), short sleep time (6 hours) (P = 0.002), spending long time to fall asleep (P 0.001) , presence of headache (P = 0.013), bad appetite (P = 0.001) and disturbed bowel habits (P = 0.030). Conclusion: Raising the awareness about good sleep quality by multidisciplinary approach is recommended.

Background: Epilepsy is very prevalent in Egypt, approaching 6.98 per 1000 population. This study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy among guardians of Egyptian high school students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was made among guardians (parents/guardians) of high school students in Assiut city, Egypt. A 15-item questionnaire was self-administered by 1257 students guardians who were randomly selected. Results: All recruited parents/guardians of high school students had heard about epilepsy. Families with a patient with epilepsy (PWE) had significantly better information about epilepsy and its aetiology than other families. The predictors of negative attitudes towards PWE were: age group ranging from 40 to 49 years, no work, skilled work, male sex and incorrect knowledge. Conclusion: Having a patient with epilepsy is a predictor to having greater knowledge and a better attitude towards epilepsy. However, people still have a concept that PWE are stigmatized and are different from others. Raising awareness about epilepsy and its aetiology will increase the knowledge and improve the attitudes towards PWE.

Background: Epilepsy is very prevalent in Egypt, approaching 6.98 per 1000 population. This study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy among guardians of Egyptian high school students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was made among guardians (parents/guardians) of high school students in Assiut city, Egypt. A 15-item questionnaire was self-administered by 1257 students guardians who were randomly selected. Results: All recruited parents/guardians of high school students had heard about epilepsy. Families with a patient with epilepsy (PWE) had significantly better information about epilepsy and its aetiology than other families. The predictors of negative attitudes towards PWE were: age group ranging from 40 to 49 years, no work, skilled work, male sex and incorrect knowledge. Conclusion: Having a patient with epilepsy is a predictor to having greater knowledge and a better attitude towards epilepsy. However, people still have a concept that PWE are stigmatized and are different from others. Raising awareness about epilepsy and its aetiology will increase the knowledge and improve the attitudes towards PWE.

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease compared to female breast cancer (FBC). It accounts less than 1% of all breast cancer and less than 1% of all men cancer. Male patients with breast cancer are treated according to treatment guidelines of FBC specifically the guidelines of post-menopausal FBC based on the high expression of estrogen receptor (ER) which found in the tumor of MBC and post-menopausal FBC patients and low estrogen expression in their bodies. In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare MBC to FBC to understand the biological behavior of MBC and the outcome of this disease. Patients and methods Patients diagnosed between 2005-2012 with breast cancer were included in this study, their number was 477 cases. Patients were classified according to sex into male (number=17) and female (number=460) breast cancer. We compared the incidence, tumor characters, adjuvant treatment, the 5-years disease free survival (DFS), and Overall survival (OS) of MBC to FBC. Results MBC cases were 3.6% compared to 96.4% FBC cases which were highly significant. As regarding to the stage of the tumor at diagnosis, no differences were seen between MBC and FBC, 82.4%stage I & II for MBC versus 77.4% for FBC and 17.3% stage III & IV for MBC versus 22.6% for FBC. No significant difference between MBC and FBC as regarding the type of pathology, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was found in 5.9% versus 1.3%, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was found in 94.1% versus 96.7%, and invasive lobular carcinoma was found in 2% of FBC only. Most of patients expressed positive estrogen receptor (ER), 88.2% for MBC versus 75% in FBC (P0.04) while 70.6% of MBC were progesterone receptor (PR) positive versus 71.1% in FBC. As regarding to HER2/neu status 23.5% was positive in MBC versus 66.7% positive in FBC (P0.04). According to adjuvant treatment there were significant differences between MBC and FBC. There was no difference between MBC and FBC as regarding DFS. The median DFS was 3.9 years for FBC versus 3.4 years for MBC. In term of OS, the MBC had poor OS compared to FBC. Conclusion MBC outcome was inferior compared to FBC that may be due to the differences in the biological behavior of MBC. More studies are needed for further understand the differences between MBC and FBC. [Rehab F Mohamed. Comparison between Male Breast Cancer and Female Breast Cancer, Retrospective Study. Cancer Biology 2017;7(3):21-25]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online).