Purpose: We assessed the effect of tamsulosin as an adjunctive therapy after shock wave lithotripsy for pediatric single renal pelvic stones. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 children with a unilateral single renal pelvic stone were included in a prospective randomized, controlled study. All children were randomized to 2 equal groups. Group 1 received tamsulosin (0.01 mg/kg once daily) as adjunctive therapy after shock wave lithotripsy in addition to paracetamol while group 2 received paracetamol only. Stone clearance was defined as no renal stone fragments or fragments less than 3 mm and no pelvicalyceal system dilatation. Results: Our study included 69 boys and 51 girls with a median age of 3.5 years and a median stone size of 1.2 cm. There was no statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 in stone or patient criteria. Of the children 99 (82.5%) achieved stone clearance after the first session, including 50 in group 1 and 49 in group 2. All children in each group were cleared of stones after the second session. The overall complication rate was 14.2%. There was no statistically significant difference between single session stone clearance rates (p ¼ 0.81) and complications rates (p ¼ 0.432) in either group. On multivariate analysis using logistic regression smaller stone size (p ¼ 0.016) and radiopaque stones (p ¼ 0.019) were the only predictors of stone clearance at a single shock wave lithotripsy session. Tamsulosin therapy did not affect stone clearance (p ¼ 0.649). Conclusions: Tamsulosin does not seem to improve renal stone clearance. Smaller and radiopaque renal stones have more chance of clearance after shock wave lithotripsy for pediatric single renal pelvic stones.NULL

The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequencies of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in children with ASD. Subjects were 32 children with ASD and 30 healthy children as controls. The numbers of mDCs and pDCs and the expression of CD86 and CD80 on the entire DCs were detected by flow cytometry. ASD children had significantly higher percentages of mDCs and pDCs when compared to controls. We found significant inverse relationships between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the frequencies of mDCs and pDCs in autistic children. Our data suggested that DCs could play a role in the clinical course of ASD. The relationship of DCs to immune disorders in ASD remains to be determined.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequencies of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in children with ASD. Subjects were 32 children with ASD and 30 healthy children as controls. The numbers of mDCs and pDCs and the expression of CD86 and CD80 on the entire DCs were detected by flow cytometry. ASD children had significantly higher percentages of mDCs and pDCs when compared to controls. We found significant inverse relationships between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the frequencies of mDCs and pDCs in autistic children. Our data suggested that DCs could play a role in the clinical course of ASD. The relationship of DCs to immune disorders in ASD remains to be determined.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequencies of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in children with ASD. Subjects were 32 children with ASD and 30 healthy children as controls. The numbers of mDCs and pDCs and the expression of CD86 and CD80 on the entire DCs were detected by flow cytometry. ASD children had significantly higher percentages of mDCs and pDCs when compared to controls. We found significant inverse relationships between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the frequencies of mDCs and pDCs in autistic children. Our data suggested that DCs could play a role in the clinical course of ASD. The relationship of DCs to immune disorders in ASD remains to be determined.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequencies of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in children with ASD. Subjects were 32 children with ASD and 30 healthy children as controls. The numbers of mDCs and pDCs and the expression of CD86 and CD80 on the entire DCs were detected by flow cytometry. ASD children had significantly higher percentages of mDCs and pDCs when compared to controls. We found significant inverse relationships between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the frequencies of mDCs and pDCs in autistic children. Our data suggested that DCs could play a role in the clinical course of ASD. The relationship of DCs to immune disorders in ASD remains to be determined.

Aim: To evaluateroleofdiaphragmaticthickeningandexcursion,assessedultrasonographically,inpre- dicting extubationoutcome. Methods: Fifty-four patientswhosuccessfullypassedspontaneousbreathingtrial(SBT)wereenrolled. They wereassessedbyultrasoundduringSBTevaluatingdiaphragmaticexcursion,diaphragmatic thickness (Tdi)atendinspiration,atendexpirationanddiaphragmaticthicknessfraction(DTF%).Simul- taneously traditionalweaningparameterswererecorded.Patientswerefollowedupfor48hafter extubation. Results: Out of54includedpatients,14(25.9%)failedextubation.Diaphragmaticexcursion,Tdiatend inspiration, atendexpirationandDTF%weresignificantlyhigherinthesuccessfulgroupcomparedto those whofailedextubation(p 0.05).Cutoffvaluesofdiaphragmaticmeasuresassociatedwithsuccess- ful extubationwere≥10.5mmfordiaphragmaticexcursion,≥21mmforTdiatendinspiration,≥10.5mm for Tdiatendexpiration, ≥34.2% forDTF%giving87.5%,77.5%,80%and90%sensitivityrespectivelyand 71.5%, 86.6%,50%and64.3%specificityrespectively.Combiningdiaphragmaticexcursion ≥10.5mmand Tdi atendinspiration ≥21mmdecreasedsensitivityto64.9%butincreasedspecificityto100%.Rapid shallow breathingindex(RSBI)105had90%sensitivitybut18.7%specificity. Conclusion: Ultrasound evaluationofdiaphragmaticexcursionandthicknessatendinspirationcouldbe a goodpredictorofextubationoutcomeinpatientswhopassedSBT.Itisrecommendedtoconsiderthe use oftheseparameterswithRSBIconsequentlytoimproveextubationoutcome.

Aim: To evaluateroleofdiaphragmaticthickeningandexcursion,assessedultrasonographically,inpre- dicting extubationoutcome. Methods: Fifty-four patientswhosuccessfullypassedspontaneousbreathingtrial(SBT)wereenrolled. They wereassessedbyultrasoundduringSBTevaluatingdiaphragmaticexcursion,diaphragmatic thickness (Tdi)atendinspiration,atendexpirationanddiaphragmaticthicknessfraction(DTF%).Simul- taneously traditionalweaningparameterswererecorded.Patientswerefollowedupfor48hafter extubation. Results: Out of54includedpatients,14(25.9%)failedextubation.Diaphragmaticexcursion,Tdiatend inspiration, atendexpirationandDTF%weresignificantlyhigherinthesuccessfulgroupcomparedto those whofailedextubation(p 0.05).Cutoffvaluesofdiaphragmaticmeasuresassociatedwithsuccess- ful extubationwere≥10.5mmfordiaphragmaticexcursion,≥21mmforTdiatendinspiration,≥10.5mm for Tdiatendexpiration, ≥34.2% forDTF%giving87.5%,77.5%,80%and90%sensitivityrespectivelyand 71.5%, 86.6%,50%and64.3%specificityrespectively.Combiningdiaphragmaticexcursion ≥10.5mmand Tdi atendinspiration ≥21mmdecreasedsensitivityto64.9%butincreasedspecificityto100%.Rapid shallow breathingindex(RSBI)105had90%sensitivitybut18.7%specificity. Conclusion: Ultrasound evaluationofdiaphragmaticexcursionandthicknessatendinspirationcouldbe a goodpredictorofextubationoutcomeinpatientswhopassedSBT.Itisrecommendedtoconsiderthe use oftheseparameterswithRSBIconsequentlytoimproveextubationoutcome.

Peripheral neuropathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has received scanty attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objectively the functional changes in the peripheral nervous system in COPD by different electrophysiological parameters and to determine the frequencies of these changes in patients with COPD. Aim of the study is assessment of peripheral nerve conduction by evaluation of the motor and sensory nerve conduction (SNC) in COPD patients.

Peripheral neuropathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has received scanty attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objectively the functional changes in the peripheral nervous system in COPD by different electrophysiological parameters and to determine the frequencies of these changes in patients with COPD. Aim of the study is assessment of peripheral nerve conduction by evaluation of the motor and sensory nerve conduction (SNC) in COPD patients.

Peripheral neuropathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has received scanty attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objectively the functional changes in the peripheral nervous system in COPD by different electrophysiological parameters and to determine the frequencies of these changes in patients with COPD. Aim of the study is assessment of peripheral nerve conduction by evaluation of the motor and sensory nerve conduction (SNC) in COPD patients.