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Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the prevalence, and socio-demographic correlates of the isolated and simultaneous presence of health risk behaviors among youth aged 13 – 35 years in Egypt. Subjects and methods: The Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE), was conducted in 2014. This survey included 10916 youth representing total Egypt. Selection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) health risk behaviors and their explanatory variables of youth aged 13-35 years were used for secondary and advanced analysis. Results: The health risk behaviors with the highest prevalence were inadequate fruits and vegetable intake (89.7%), inadequate physical activity (49%), excess salt intake (44.2%), and smoking (13.2%). Eighty percent of youth had two or more simultaneous non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk behaviors. By applying logistic regression analysis, it was observed that, age (tend to accumulate as adolescents grow older) and females were statistically associated with co-occurrence of health risk behaviors. Lower Egypt was the least geographic region of aggregation of risk behaviors. Conclusion and recommendations: A high prevalence of NCDs health risk behaviors among youth was found in Egypt, both isolated and simultaneously which could expect a significant increase in NCDs in near future. Multi-sectoral integrated approach to encourage people to adopt healthy behaviors on individual-and population-level is recommended

Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the prevalence, and socio-demographic correlates of the isolated and simultaneous presence of health risk behaviors among youth aged 13 – 35 years in Egypt. Subjects and methods: The Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE), was conducted in 2014. This survey included 10916 youth representing total Egypt. Selection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) health risk behaviors and their explanatory variables of youth aged 13-35 years were used for secondary and advanced analysis. Results: The health risk behaviors with the highest prevalence were inadequate fruits and vegetable intake (89.7%), inadequate physical activity (49%), excess salt intake (44.2%), and smoking (13.2%). Eighty percent of youth had two or more simultaneous non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk behaviors. By applying logistic regression analysis, it was observed that, age (tend to accumulate as adolescents grow older) and females were statistically associated with co-occurrence of health risk behaviors. Lower Egypt was the least geographic region of aggregation of risk behaviors. Conclusion and recommendations: A high prevalence of NCDs health risk behaviors among youth was found in Egypt, both isolated and simultaneously which could expect a significant increase in NCDs in near future. Multi-sectoral integrated approach to encourage people to adopt healthy behaviors on individual-and population-level is recommended

Objectives: To study the risk factors associated with delayed language development (DLD) among children attending outpatient phoniatric clinic of Assiut university hospitals. Subjects and methods: a case – control study was conducted on 150 cases with DLD aged 3-5 years attended outpatient phoniatric clinic and 150 control children of the same age range with no DLD attended outpatient clinic of Assiut university children's hospital. A structured interview questionnaire was used for collection of relevant data from children's caregivers. Results of this study showed that urban residence, low birth weight, male gender, delivery by Cesarean section, parent consanguinity and presence cyanosis after birth were significantly associated with DLD. It was concluded that male gender, historyof perinatalevents,and parent consanguinity are significantriskfactorsfor DLD. Awareness about risk factors of DLD need to be raised among parents and health care providers for prevention, early detection and proper management.

Objectives: To study the risk factors associated with delayed language development (DLD) among children attending outpatient phoniatric clinic of Assiut university hospitals. Subjects and methods: a case – control study was conducted on 150 cases with DLD aged 3-5 years attended outpatient phoniatric clinic and 150 control children of the same age range with no DLD attended outpatient clinic of Assiut university children's hospital. A structured interview questionnaire was used for collection of relevant data from children's caregivers. Results of this study showed that urban residence, low birth weight, male gender, delivery by Cesarean section, parent consanguinity and presence cyanosis after birth were significantly associated with DLD. It was concluded that male gender, historyof perinatalevents,and parent consanguinity are significantriskfactorsfor DLD. Awareness about risk factors of DLD need to be raised among parents and health care providers for prevention, early detection and proper management.

Background: Hepatitis is a common and severe health problem. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis. The incidence of infection has a strong relation with sanitary and environmental conditions and the socioeconomic level. Most infections occur between 5 –15 years of age. Aim: To assess knowledge and attitudes of primary school teachers toward viral hepatitis A in Assiut City. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional design and was carried out in primary schools in Assiut City. The sample of this study consisted of 245 primary school teachers. Tools: - Two tools were used in this study included a self-administrated questionnaire sheet. The first tool: to assess the teacher's knowledge about viral hepatitis A. The second tool: to assess the teacher's attitudes toward viral hepatitis A. The results of this study showed a generally poor level of knowledge (67.8%) and a positive attitude (72.2%) toward viral hepatitis A as reported by teachers. Conclusion: based on these findings of the present study it was concluded that teachers had poor knowledge and positive attitudes toward viral hepatitis A. Recommendations: Educational programs are necessary to upgrade the level of knowledge of the teachers toward viral hepatitis A in primary schools atAssiut City.

Background: Hepatitis is a common and severe health problem. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis. The incidence of infection has a strong relation with sanitary and environmental conditions and the socioeconomic level. Most infections occur between 5 –15 years of age. Aim: To assess knowledge and attitudes of primary school teachers toward viral hepatitis A in Assiut City. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional design and was carried out in primary schools in Assiut City. The sample of this study consisted of 245 primary school teachers. Tools: - Two tools were used in this study included a self-administrated questionnaire sheet. The first tool: to assess the teacher's knowledge about viral hepatitis A. The second tool: to assess the teacher's attitudes toward viral hepatitis A. The results of this study showed a generally poor level of knowledge (67.8%) and a positive attitude (72.2%) toward viral hepatitis A as reported by teachers. Conclusion: based on these findings of the present study it was concluded that teachers had poor knowledge and positive attitudes toward viral hepatitis A. Recommendations: Educational programs are necessary to upgrade the level of knowledge of the teachers toward viral hepatitis A in primary schools atAssiut City.

Background: Hepatitis is a common and severe health problem. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis. The incidence of infection has a strong relation with sanitary and environmental conditions and the socioeconomic level. Most infections occur between 5 –15 years of age. Aim: To assess knowledge and attitudes of primary school teachers toward viral hepatitis A in Assiut City. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional design and was carried out in primary schools in Assiut City. The sample of this study consisted of 245 primary school teachers. Tools: - Two tools were used in this study included a self-administrated questionnaire sheet. The first tool: to assess the teacher's knowledge about viral hepatitis A. The second tool: to assess the teacher's attitudes toward viral hepatitis A. The results of this study showed a generally poor level of knowledge (67.8%) and a positive attitude (72.2%) toward viral hepatitis A as reported by teachers. Conclusion: based on these findings of the present study it was concluded that teachers had poor knowledge and positive attitudes toward viral hepatitis A. Recommendations: Educational programs are necessary to upgrade the level of knowledge of the teachers toward viral hepatitis A in primary schools atAssiut City.