Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with onset in childhood, most commonly becoming more apparent during the first few years of grade school. The aim of this study is to assess peripheral hearing and central auditory processing as well as cognitive function in 30 children diagnosed with ADHD. Their age ranged from 6 to 16 years (16 males and 14 females) and their IQ of at least 70. All of them were subjected to a basic audiological evaluation, and assessment of auditory brainstem responses, slow vertex response, and P300 waves using the oddball paradigm. Results No significant differences were found between pure tone thresholds and speech audiometry between the study and the control groups. There was a statistically significant increase in auditory brainstem response (ABR) absolute latencies (III and V) and interpeak latencies (I–III and I–V) at both low repetition rate and high repetition rate. Also, an increase in latencies of N1, P2, N2, and P300 latencies was observed with decreased P300 amplitude of the study group compared with the control groups. A significant mild positive correlation was found between P300 and both wave V latency and I–V interpeak latency. Conclusion The results of this study provide more evidence of central auditory processing involvement in children with ADHD and show the role of ABR and P300 in the management of these children.

Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with onset in childhood, most commonly becoming more apparent during the first few years of grade school. The aim of this study is to assess peripheral hearing and central auditory processing as well as cognitive function in 30 children diagnosed with ADHD. Their age ranged from 6 to 16 years (16 males and 14 females) and their IQ of at least 70. All of them were subjected to a basic audiological evaluation, and assessment of auditory brainstem responses, slow vertex response, and P300 waves using the oddball paradigm. Results No significant differences were found between pure tone thresholds and speech audiometry between the study and the control groups. There was a statistically significant increase in auditory brainstem response (ABR) absolute latencies (III and V) and interpeak latencies (I–III and I–V) at both low repetition rate and high repetition rate. Also, an increase in latencies of N1, P2, N2, and P300 latencies was observed with decreased P300 amplitude of the study group compared with the control groups. A significant mild positive correlation was found between P300 and both wave V latency and I–V interpeak latency. Conclusion The results of this study provide more evidence of central auditory processing involvement in children with ADHD and show the role of ABR and P300 in the management of these children.

Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with onset in childhood, most commonly becoming more apparent during the first few years of grade school. The aim of this study is to assess peripheral hearing and central auditory processing as well as cognitive function in 30 children diagnosed with ADHD. Their age ranged from 6 to 16 years (16 males and 14 females) and their IQ of at least 70. All of them were subjected to a basic audiological evaluation, and assessment of auditory brainstem responses, slow vertex response, and P300 waves using the oddball paradigm. Results No significant differences were found between pure tone thresholds and speech audiometry between the study and the control groups. There was a statistically significant increase in auditory brainstem response (ABR) absolute latencies (III and V) and interpeak latencies (I–III and I–V) at both low repetition rate and high repetition rate. Also, an increase in latencies of N1, P2, N2, and P300 latencies was observed with decreased P300 amplitude of the study group compared with the control groups. A significant mild positive correlation was found between P300 and both wave V latency and I–V interpeak latency. Conclusion The results of this study provide more evidence of central auditory processing involvement in children with ADHD and show the role of ABR and P300 in the management of these children.

This stud to explore the effect of glycerol on audiovestibular tests in patients with Meniere’s disease (MD) and to reflect different pathologic states of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in the inner ear and compare the results of glycerol on these results. Subjects: Thirty patients and 15 normal volunteers. Methods: Each subject of this study underwent pure tone audiometry testing, evoked vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and Vidionystagmography (VNG) before G1 and 2 h after glycerol G2 administration (1.3 g/kg). Results: Affected ears were 32 and unaffected ears were 28. The affected ears had higher hearing and SRT thresholds when compared to the unaffected ears and control group. VEMPs of the affected ears were normal in six ears (18.75%), absent in four ears (12.5%) and augmented amplitude in 22 (68.75%), their VNG results showed peripheral vestibular disorder. After oral administration of glycerol, the previous test battery was repeated and it’s result on PTA showed that 53.13% (17/32) of affected ears had positive glycerol test mainly in stage II and III. Ten of the 32 affected ears (31.26%) showed improvement of VEMPs after glycerol administration. Also, two (7.8%) of the unaffected ears showed positive glycerol. Latency of the VEMP had no significant changes after glycerol administration and there was no statistical correlation between the results of G-PTA and G-VEMP. There was statistical significant improvement of the slow peak velocity of caloric test in patient’s affected ears and insignificant improvement in control group and in unaffected ears after glycerol administration.

This stud to explore the effect of glycerol on audiovestibular tests in patients with Meniere’s disease (MD) and to reflect different pathologic states of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in the inner ear and compare the results of glycerol on these results. Subjects: Thirty patients and 15 normal volunteers. Methods: Each subject of this study underwent pure tone audiometry testing, evoked vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and Vidionystagmography (VNG) before G1 and 2 h after glycerol G2 administration (1.3 g/kg). Results: Affected ears were 32 and unaffected ears were 28. The affected ears had higher hearing and SRT thresholds when compared to the unaffected ears and control group. VEMPs of the affected ears were normal in six ears (18.75%), absent in four ears (12.5%) and augmented amplitude in 22 (68.75%), their VNG results showed peripheral vestibular disorder. After oral administration of glycerol, the previous test battery was repeated and it’s result on PTA showed that 53.13% (17/32) of affected ears had positive glycerol test mainly in stage II and III. Ten of the 32 affected ears (31.26%) showed improvement of VEMPs after glycerol administration. Also, two (7.8%) of the unaffected ears showed positive glycerol. Latency of the VEMP had no significant changes after glycerol administration and there was no statistical correlation between the results of G-PTA and G-VEMP. There was statistical significant improvement of the slow peak velocity of caloric test in patient’s affected ears and insignificant improvement in control group and in unaffected ears after glycerol administration.

This stud to explore the effect of glycerol on audiovestibular tests in patients with Meniere’s disease (MD) and to reflect different pathologic states of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in the inner ear and compare the results of glycerol on these results. Subjects: Thirty patients and 15 normal volunteers. Methods: Each subject of this study underwent pure tone audiometry testing, evoked vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and Vidionystagmography (VNG) before G1 and 2 h after glycerol G2 administration (1.3 g/kg). Results: Affected ears were 32 and unaffected ears were 28. The affected ears had higher hearing and SRT thresholds when compared to the unaffected ears and control group. VEMPs of the affected ears were normal in six ears (18.75%), absent in four ears (12.5%) and augmented amplitude in 22 (68.75%), their VNG results showed peripheral vestibular disorder. After oral administration of glycerol, the previous test battery was repeated and it’s result on PTA showed that 53.13% (17/32) of affected ears had positive glycerol test mainly in stage II and III. Ten of the 32 affected ears (31.26%) showed improvement of VEMPs after glycerol administration. Also, two (7.8%) of the unaffected ears showed positive glycerol. Latency of the VEMP had no significant changes after glycerol administration and there was no statistical correlation between the results of G-PTA and G-VEMP. There was statistical significant improvement of the slow peak velocity of caloric test in patient’s affected ears and insignificant improvement in control group and in unaffected ears after glycerol administration.

Background and aim: Presbycusis, is usually a harbinger of aging. The negative consequences are not limited to an auditory impairment but influences a range of psychosocial and physical health concerns. The cornerstone of audiologic intervention is the use hearing aids. Optimal management should include an evaluation of quality of life (QoL) status and its assessment. Aim of this work: To quantify the quality of life of hearing impaired elderly individuals (HIEI) and to assess hearing aids impact on QoL. Subjects: Elderly patients (1 2 7) above 60 years had sensorineural hearing loss ranged from mild to severe degree of hearing loss, only 24 of them (21.1%) were fitted with monaural hearing aid. Methods: Each subject of this study underwent basic audiologic evaluation, speech perception in noise, aided tonal sound field threshold and aided speech tests. Generic WHOQOL-BREF and hearing handicap inventory for the elderly (HHIE). Results: There were significant lower aided tonal sound field thresholds (ATSFTs) at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz of hearing aid users when compared with values of non-users at all tested frequencies. Hearing aid users perform better in all domains of WHO QOL-BREF with significant reductions in emotional, social and total scores of HHIE in users group compared with non-users indicated improvement in their QOL. There were no significant differences between scores of males and scores of females. The severity of the hearing loss had statistically significant effects on these scores for non-users but not in users group.

Despite recent technological advances in the audiologic assessment of children, their hearing aid fitting remains a daunting task. Aims of study: To assess effectiveness of amplification in children using aided sound field tests and Auditory Behavior in Everyday Life (ABEL) questionnaire and to elucidate factors contributing to poor outcomes. Methods Detailed medical history, otoscopic examination, basic audiological evaluation, aided sound field tests and ABEL questionnaire for 114 hearing impaired children aged 4–16 years. Results Congenital HL considered the commonest cause of HL (55.3%), 36% had unknown cause and 8.8% of HI had acquired cause. Profound loss in 67.5%, severe in 17% and 54.4% of them (54.4%) were fitted around the age of 3 years. Binaural HA in 88.6% and digital type for 61.4%. There were statistically significant differences between unaided and aided values in sound field tests for HI children. Poor performance in direct measures and ABEl in children with congenital and profound degree of hearing loss, better response when they were fitted earlier with digital aids. ABEL scores showed negative correlations with aided tonal sound field test and positive with aided speech discrimination score. Conclusions Inappropriate amplification, late age of fitting with no speech therapy were clinical red flags for poor outcomes. ABEL questionnaire was a valid procedure to assess the hearing aids appropriateness.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a major complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study aimed to evaluate cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in children with T1D and its relation to different demographic, clinical and laboratory variable. This cross-sectional study included 60 children with T1D (mean age = 15.1 ± 3.3 years; duration of diabetes = 7.95 ± 3.83 years). The following 8 non-invasive autonomic testing were used for evaluation: heart rate at rest and in response to active standing (30:15 ratio), deep breathing and Valsalva maneuver (indicating parasympathetic function); blood pressure response to standing (orthostatic hypotension or OH), sustained handgrip and cold; and heart rate response to standing or positional orthostatic tachycardia syndrome or POTs (indicating sympathetic function). None had clinically manifest CAN. Compared to healthy children (5%), 36.67% of children with T1D had ≥ 2 abnormal tests (i.e., CAN) (P = 0.0001) which included significantly abnormal heart rate response to standing (POTs) (P = 0.052), active standing (30:15 ratio) (P = 0.0001) and Valsalva maneuver (P = 0.0001), indicating parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction, and blood pressure response to cold (P = 0.01), indicating sympathetic autonomic dysfunction. 54.55, 27.27 and 18.18% had early, definite and severe dysfunction of ANS. All patients had sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. The longer duration of diabetes (> 5 years), presence of diabetic complications and worse glycemic control were significantly associated with CAN. Conclusions: The study concluded that both parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic dysfunctions are common in children with T1D particularly with longer duration of diabetes and presence of microvascular complications.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a major complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study aimed to evaluate cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in children with T1D and its relation to different demographic, clinical and laboratory variable. This cross-sectional study included 60 children with T1D (mean age = 15.1 ± 3.3 years; duration of diabetes = 7.95 ± 3.83 years). The following 8 non-invasive autonomic testing were used for evaluation: heart rate at rest and in response to active standing (30:15 ratio), deep breathing and Valsalva maneuver (indicating parasympathetic function); blood pressure response to standing (orthostatic hypotension or OH), sustained handgrip and cold; and heart rate response to standing or positional orthostatic tachycardia syndrome or POTs (indicating sympathetic function). None had clinically manifest CAN. Compared to healthy children (5%), 36.67% of children with T1D had ≥ 2 abnormal tests (i.e., CAN) (P = 0.0001) which included significantly abnormal heart rate response to standing (POTs) (P = 0.052), active standing (30:15 ratio) (P = 0.0001) and Valsalva maneuver (P = 0.0001), indicating parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction, and blood pressure response to cold (P = 0.01), indicating sympathetic autonomic dysfunction. 54.55, 27.27 and 18.18% had early, definite and severe dysfunction of ANS. All patients had sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. The longer duration of diabetes (> 5 years), presence of diabetic complications and worse glycemic control were significantly associated with CAN. Conclusions: The study concluded that both parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic dysfunctions are common in children with T1D particularly with longer duration of diabetes and presence of microvascular complications.